FHM TRAINING TOOLS

This training presentation is part of FHM’s commitment to creating and keeping safe workplaces.

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Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality

Understanding IAQUnderstanding IAQ

• HEALTH EFFECTS

• CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• SOURCES

• CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• LEGISLATION

HEALTH EFFECTS

Health EffectsHealth Effects

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

VS

BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

– A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20%

– CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE

– COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING BUILDING

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

– EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION

– HEADACHES

– FATIGUE

– REDUCED MENTATION

– IRRITABILITY

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

– DRY SKIN

– NASAL CONGESTION

– DIFFICULTY BREATHING

– NOSE BLEEDS

– NAUSEA

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

– CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE

– EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS

– RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

– PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.

– LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE

– HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS

– HUMIDIFIER FEVER

Health EffectsHealth Effects

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

– ASTHMA

– ALLERGY

– RESPIRATORY DISEASE• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY

DISEASE (COPD)

Causative Agents

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES

– COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

– VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES

– RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

– RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

– BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS

– RADIONUCLIDES

– ODORS

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

– CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

– OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX)

– OXIDES OF SULFUR (SOX)

– CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

– POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH)

– TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS

– ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL

– ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE

– ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE

– AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC

– ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE

– HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS -

TCE

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

– ASBESTOS• CHRYSOTILE• AMOSITE• CROCIDOLITE

– FIBERGLASS

– INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

– METALLIC DUSTS• LEAD

– ORGANIC DUSTS

– PAPER DUSTS

– POLLEN

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

– WATER VAPOR

– CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

– ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS

– TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS

– MOLDS & FUNGI

– BACTERIA

– PROTOZOA

– VIRUSES

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• RADIONUCLIDES

– RADON

– RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

Causative AgentsCausative Agents

• ODORS– ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR

CONTAMINANT TYPE• INDEPENDENTLY• IN COMBINATION

SourcesSources

SourcesSources

• COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

– KEROSENE HEATERS

– LOADING DOCKS

– WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES

– NEARBY TRAFFIC

SourcesSources

• VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES

- ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS

- CARPETING & DRAPERY

- PARTICLE BOARD

SourcesSources

• VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES

– FLOOR & WALL COVERINGS

– PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS

– UPHOLSTERY

SourcesSources

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

– ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)

– CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS

– OUTDOOR AIR

– PLANTS & PLANT PARTS

– PRODUCTION PROCESSES

SourcesSources

PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE

4-AMINOBIPHENYL NICKELANATABINE NICOTINEANILINE PHENOLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE POLONIUM-210BENZ[A]PYRENE QUINOLINEBENZOIC ACID SUCCINIC ACIDBUTYROLACTONE 2-TOLUIDINENITROSODIETHANOLAMINE CADMIUM

SourcesSources

VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE

HYDROGEN CYANIDE ACETALDEHYDEACETONE ACROLEIN1,3-BUTADIENE BENZENECARBON MONOXIDE FORMALDEHYDEDIMETHYLAMINE HYDRAZINECARBONYL SULFIDE ETHANEMETHYL CHLORIDE PYRIDINEAMMONIA FORMIC ACID

SourcesSources

• RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

– PEOPLE

– PLANTS

SourcesSources

• BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS

– HVAC SYSTEMS

– COOLING TOWERS

– HUMANS/ANIMALS

– STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS

– HUMIDIFIERS

SourcesSources

• RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - 222Rn)

– SOIL

– WATER

– BUILDING MATERIALS

– NATURAL GAS

Control Methodologies

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS

– SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

– EQUIPMENT

– HUMAN ACTIVITIES

– BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS

– OTHER SOURCES

– VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS

– OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

– CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR

• POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI

• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS

• GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

– EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES

• PARKING LOTS/GARAGES

• LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS

• RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST

• LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

– SOIL GAS

• RADON

• UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING)

• LANDFILL

• PESTICIDE APPLICATION

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

– STANDING WATER

• ROOFTOPS

• CRAWLSPACES

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• EQUIPMENT

– HVAC SYSTEM

• DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS

• GROWTH IN DRIP PANS

• IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES

• IMPROPER VENTING

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• EQUIPMENT

– NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT

• EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT

• SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.)

• EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING

• OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES

– PERSONAL ACTIVIITES

• SMOKING

• COOKING

• PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS)

• COSMETIC ODORS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES

– HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES

• CLEANING MATERIALS

• CLEANING PROCEDURES

• STORED SUPPLIES & TRASH

• DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES

– MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES

• COOLING TOWERS

• PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC.

• PEST CONTROL

• STORED SUPPLIES

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS

– LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST

– DAMAGED MATERIALS

– UNSANITARY CONDITIONS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS

– WATER DAMAGE

– DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS

– CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER SOURCES

– ACCIDENTAL EVENTS

• SPILLS

• FLOODING

• FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER SOURCES

– SPECIAL USE AREAS• SMOKING LOUNGES

• LABORATORIES

• PRINT SHOPS

• ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER SOURCES

– SPECIAL USE AREAS

• EXERCISE ROOMS

• BEAUTY SALONS

• FOOD PREPARATION AREAS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER SOURCES

– REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR

• NEW FURNISHINGS• DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION• ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.)• MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS

– ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 62-1989)

• TEMPERATURE

• RELATIVE HUMIDITY

• MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS

• CO2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS

– ENGINEERING CONTROLS

• MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM

• MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS

• FILTERS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS

– ENGINEERING CONTROLS

• PRECIPITATORS

• ION GENERATORS

• HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

– POPULATION DENSITY

– LIGHTING

– NOISE

– ERGONOMICS

Control MethodologiesControl Methodologies

• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

– MANAGEMENT STYLES

– MONITORED WORK STATIONS

– RE-ENTRY CRITERIA

– NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS

LEGISLATION

LegislationLegislation

• OSHA IAQ STANDARD

– LEGISLATION PENDING

– AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA

– 14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS PENDING

LegislationLegislation

• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD

– SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES

• 68 - 74.5 OF WINTER• 73 - 79 OF SUMMER

– 30 - 60% RELATIVE HUMIDITY

– 20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON

LegislationLegislation

• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD

– SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM

– RENOVATION - ISOLATED

– PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES

• HVAC SYSTEM

– RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

EPA “Sick Building” SuitEPA “Sick Building” Suit

• WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING

– EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.

• 19 EMPLOYEES