Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Federal Republic of Nigeria
BY: Meghan Brophy, Greer Hampton, Mackenzie Magid, Kieran McElvaney, and Rachel Vahey
Nigeria Quick Facts• President: Goodluck Jonathan• Population: 174,507,539 (July 2013 est.)• Official Language: English• Independence-1960• Constitution-1999• Unfinished State• National Question
Quick Government Facts• Federal System • Bicameral 36 States• 774 Local Government Areas• 1970s-Centralization-Why?
Executives• HOS & HOG: President Goodluck Jonathan • Single Executive System
The President• Goodluck Jonathan • People’s Democratic Party• Commander-in-chief• Powers
The Vice President•Mohammed Namadi Sambo• Participates in all cabinet meetings• Powers
Elections• Multi-Party• Patron Client Relations• People’s Democratic Party (PDP) • Plurality System• Run offs• INEC
Final result, showing the states won by Jonathan (in green), Buhari (red), and Ribadu (blue).
The INEC (Independent National Electoral Commission) • Free, fair and credible• Overseers• Autonomous• Provides transparency
The Cabinet•Appointed by President•Provides services•Parastatals
•Oversee 19 ministries•Presidential Minister•Ministers of the State
National Assembly (Legislature)• Bicameral• Symmetric• Presidential System- Separation• Upper House- Senate• Lower House-
House of Representatives
The Senate• 3 senators from 36 states• 1 senator from capital territory• Plurality System• Powers
The House of Representatives•Based on US System•Plurality System•Powers
Recent Elections in National Assembly• Senate- PDP Majority• House of Representatives- PDP Majority• Executive- PDP Control
Seats in the Senate73/ 109
Seats in the House205 / 360
Governorships18 / 36
Political Parties
• People’s Democratic Party (PDP)
• All Nigeria’s People’s Party (ANPP) • Congress for Progressive Change (CPC)
• Action Congress Nigeria (ACN)
Interest Groups
State corporatism: a political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party; public policy is typically the result of negotiations among representatives of the state and key interest groups
Labor Unions
•National Petroleum Employees Union (NUPENG) •Nigeria Labor Congress
Business Interests
• Collaboration with military interest• Some economic reform• Nigerian Association of
Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (NACCIMA)- largest group in the country
Human Rights Groups•Protested abuses of the Babangida and Abacha regimes•Remain active promotes of democratic reform •Loosely connected
Bureaucracy• Prebendalism: an extreme form
of patron-clientalism in which public offices are treated as personal fiefdoms. • “Loyalty pyramid”: network of
supports• Pyramids often reflect ethnic
and religious affiliations
Roles in Policy Making• President proposes policy which
are filtered through the “Big Men”• Policies often blocked or
significantly altered
Military
• “truly national”• Strong influence from history of
military rule • Charged with protecting the state,
promoting Nigeria’s global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts• “military in government”• “military in barracks” • State Security Service• National Intelligence Agency
Judiciary• Autonomy• Judicial review • Types of law
-Common-Traditional-Shari’a
Conflict in the Courts• Shari’a law contradicts with
Nigeria’s secular constitution • Zamfara 1999
Supreme Court• Chief justice and 15 justices • Members are appointed by the
President on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council• Confirmed by the Senate• Serve until age 65
Political Culture• Since 1960s more skepticism• Lack of legitimacy towards authority (elites)• Lack sense of nationhood
Political Culture • Ethnicity divisions • Patron-clientelism (prebendalism)• Modernity vs. Tradition• Poverty
Political Socialization•Family•Religion •School •Media
Political Cleavage• Ethnicity (south)• Religion (hard to differentiate up north)• Geography
Nationalities• Hausa-Fulani (Islamic)• Largest ethnic group
• Yoruba (muslim)• Igbo (one creator, Chineke, Chukwu)
Media• Controlled at federal and regional levels• About 90 million viewers, concentrated in urban• Heavily censored (journalist arrests and deaths)
Political Participation• Rural residents extremely low
-Women don’t vote in these areas• Urban areas have opinionated, proactive individuals
-mostly dissatisfied with how government handles social issues
• Incredibly slow-to-change government, values would take forever to change
Protests• Biafran Civil War • Boko Haram (militant Islamic group) • -Bombed newspaper offices in Abuja and Kaduna• 1963- Igbo census women sent to north and sparked protest• Niger Delta Violence (MEND)
Women• DO NOT vote in north, very little respect in north• 1987- Maryam Babangida became First Lady • “Better Life for Rural Women” campaign
• EW women get official positions• Still seen widely as caretakers of the family
Other Nationalities• Ijaw (involved in MEND)• Kanuri, Pidgin• Important to oil economy
Political History• 1960-Independence from Great Britain(Becomes a republic in ‘63)• 1983 Buhari Military coup• 1985 Peaceful overthrowing of Buhari and Babangida comes into
power• 1993-Coup Resulting in Abacha taking control• 1998-Abubakar takes control after Abacha dies• 2011-Goodluck Jonathan wins in a fair election• 07-11 first ever transfer from civilian government to civilian
government
Social Movements• Homosexuality• Occupy Nigeria• Work reform• Women’s rights• Rich v. Poor• REFORMS
Political Changes• Election of Goodluck Jonathan• Anticorruption• Electoral reforms• Modernization• Transformation agenda• Rift in PDP• Firing of Cabinet • Democratization • “Federal character”
Economic Change• Roadmap for power sector reforms• Youth Enterprise with innovation in
Nigeria(YOUWIN)• Focus on economic diplomacy and connect
foreign and domestic policy• Oil still is main profit source• IMF says no change in standard of living
despite global economy• Joint ventures between state and
private(Oil)
Relationships Between Changes
• Extreme corruption• Local allocation of oil funds• Oil is central to economy and government• Privatization• Denationalizing
Globalization• ¼ of US’s Oil• OPEC• Sense of fear in trade• Niger Delta
Influences on policy making
•Military•Presidency•Political elite
Supranational influences on public policy • Member of the United
Nations, the Commonwealth, The African Union, and OPEC• International Monetary
fund and the World Bank
Economic Issues• The oil dependency• Rentier state: receive
more income by exporting their oil and leasing out oil fields to foreign companies
• Poverty
Human Rights• Worse during the military rule• Developed elaborate sections
of the constitution about civil rights
Public health
•HIV/AIDS• Even more need for an
adequate health care system
Environmental
• Oil • Oil• Oil
Corruption• Oil revenues being pocketed• Causes even more
distrust in the government
Terrorism• Relatively terror free
between 1967-1970• Said to have begun in
October of 1986 (Mr. Dele Giwa)• 2010