Post on 05-Jun-2015
description
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AS A MEANS TO BUILD AN
EXTENDED ADMINISTRATION :
THE CASE OF SMART CITIES
Prof. Claude RochetClaude.rochet@univ-amu.fr
IMPGT AMU CERGAM
Lugano, June 5 2014
12/04/2023 Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot 1
Extended public administration: What are we speaking about?
04/12/2023 2Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
Input
Process
Output
P.A. legally speaking
Objective
s
Outcome
Outcome
Outcome
Extended value chain
Look simple? In real life outcomes are not aligned and are embedded in interconnected and overlapping heterogeneous systems This needs complex system mapping and understanding intertwined causes and effects relationships.
A smart is the result of multiple systemic equilibria
04/12/2023
No smart cities are alike…
… but common building blocks may be identified…
… and complex system architecture may define rules of integration
What makes a city smart?
12/04/2023 4Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
Not adding « smarties »: smart grids, smart anything….… nor greenwashing, digital washing….. But a city where one can live a good life
12/04/2023 5
It is systemic coherence
• Why the garden cities movement failed?
• Thinking the city either as a palliative of the dysfunctional city …
• … or as an ideal city
• But NOT as a living ecosystem
Our basic assumptions
• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog
• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery
• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:o Economic wealth creation
o Social life
o Common weal
• A resilient architecture:o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private
corp., citizens
o A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf components
o Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT
• A sea change in firms business models and P.A.
What is our shared vision?
04/12/2023 Mission MUST 6
7
Let’s set up some definitions:
• Architecture, system architecture– The design of how basic
functions interact to give birth to a whole that is more than the sum of the parts
• Ecosystem:– A system with autopoeitic
properties, that means being able to reproduce itself
• Entropy, negentropy– Interactions within the system
make it losing its energy and increasing disorder (entropy), life (human life in the case of a city) may import energy (negative entropy or negentropy)
• Emergence:– Many properties of a system do
not exist as a basic function or a physical state, but are the result of the interactions of these functions: eg. “ageing well”, “happy life” is the result of both physical and human systems.
• Resilience:– The property of a system to
withstand a shock and to recover with stronger ability
• Green IT and IT for green– IT is both a solution to
coordination problems that may help saving energy (eg. Smart grids) but fabrication of IT produce a lot of pollutants and its functioning produce a lot of heat and waste that need to be recycled.
04/12/2023Mission MUST
12/04/2023
A rationale for extended P.A. as a system architect:
• Strategic analysis
• Inventorying the building blocks
• Integrating the ecosystem
8Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
9
A rationale for extended P.A. as a system architect:1- Strategic analysis
12/04/2023
Why building a city & what are the strategic
goals? Who are the stakeholders?
What are the generic functions to be
performed by a smart city?
With which organs? Technical devices, software…
With which smart people?
Conception, metamodel framework, steering
Subsystems and processes
People and tools
Why designing this ecosystem?Who will live in the city?What are its activities?
How the city will be fed?Where the city is located ? (context)
What are the functions to be performed to reach the goals and how
do they interact?
With which organs and ressources?
How people will interact with the artifacts?
How civic life will organize?
A rationale for extended P.A. as a system architect:2- Inventorying the “building blocks”
12/04/2023Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
10
Issues
• Defining “smartness” and “sustainability”
• Wealth creation• Finance and taxes• Controlling
pollution• Equilibrium center –
periphery• Migrations• Poverty• Education• Health• Crime• Segregation (social
and spatial)• Leisure• Quality of life• How people interact
with people and artifacts?
Resources
• Work• Budgeting• Transportation• Feeding• Caring• Protecting• Securing• Housing policy• Education• Leisure• Social benefits• Health care system• Migrations control
Functions
• Energy• Water• Data• Digital Systems• Traditions• Sociology• Technologies as
enablers and enacters
• Culture and traditions
• Institutions and public organizations
• Process modeling• Software• Tech providers• Open innovation
Capabilities
• The New Business Models:• Public• Private
• Project management
• Institutional arrangements
• The day to day decision making process in an evolutionary perspective
• Empowerment• Direct democracy• Government• Governance• Project
management• Social innovation• The state as a
system engineer• Mastering ULM
1112/04/2023 Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
A rationale for extended P.A. as a system architect3- Integration of the building blocks
Soft domains
Hard domains
SMART city
Transportation
Industry
WorkHousing
Sanitation
EnergyWater
Waste recycling
Public services
Health care
Civic life Leisure
EducationSocial
integration
Gove
rnm
en
tE
con
om
y
Institutional scaffolding
Social life
Periphery
Commercial exchanges
FoodCity
Urban ecosystem
Territory
Concepts and tools of systemic
integration
Concepts and tools of systemic
integration
Smart territory
Smart territoryIndustryIndustry
Smart cities
Social intelligence (Dedijer)
Social intelligence (Dedijer)
Valuing as well material and immaterial assets
(Milieu innovateur, Aydalot)
Valuing as well material and immaterial assets
(Milieu innovateur, Aydalot)
Coopetitive innovation ecosystem
Coopetitive innovation ecosystem
Integrating smart city and smart territory
Combining top down and bottom up
Smart territoryMilieu innovateur
Smart territoryMilieu innovateur
Functional integration
Self governing capabilities
• Understanding the context and defining a strategic vision
• Declining it in combining hard and soft domains.
• Understanding the context and defining a strategic vision
• Declining it in combining hard and soft domains.
• Toward an integrative and integrated extended administration
• Toward an integrative and integrated extended administration
Smart administation
14
A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem: ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)
12/04/2023 Claude Rochet - Florence Pinot
Matu
rity
of
eco
syst
em
ic p
rop
ert
ies
Development
From history, social intelligence, idea, to framework
Integrating off-the-shelves innovation
Functional integration
Technical integration Designing the
engineering ecosystem
Project management
City 1.0
Gathering data and understanding ecosystem evolution
Evaluating, correcting and upgrading
Sustainable City 1.0
Integrating innovation
City 2.0
Risk of collapse Unlike a product or a company, a city never dies, even if not sustainable (except in a case of collapse)
Losing ecosystemic properties
Permanent improvement
Financial governance
12/04/2023 15
Preliminary conclusion: designing and governing smart cities is a political problem
• Let’s refer to Vincent and Elinor Ostrom:o No one best way for all levels of action: Polycentric
governance
o Uncertainty, conflicts, bargaining are at the heart of
administrative life
o Politics : “ the practical processes through which
communities act to identify and solve their common
problems and to realize shared opportunities”
o A good P.A tend to reach self-governance
o P.A. has to integrate complex system science
• Smart cities => smart government and political life
• A view of P.A coherent with system
architecture!
12/04/2023
Common good
Vivere politico
Economic good
Private good
Smart government is the keystone of smart cities and was formalized at the Renaissance
A strong correlation between top down…
… and bottom up dynamics
Common good
12/04/2023 17
Extended P.A as an integration of disciplines
Leve
ls o
f co
mp
lexi
ty
City
Functions
Citizens
Complex systems engineering
Extended P.A
Political philosophy
Complex system
modeling
Interaction and
synergies
Social networks
and interaction
s
Overlaps and interactions
Common good as an emergence
and structuring finality
Ends and means of wealth creation
Vivere politico
PolycentricGovce