Examination of the knee

History-taking

H/O Injury

• Yes

• No

Presenting Complaints

• Pain

• Locking

• Clicking

• Giving way

• Stiffness

• Loss of ROM

Understanding patient’s complaints

PainOnly after activityAt rest

Gradual-onsetAcute onset

Understanding patient’s complaints

Locking v/s pseudo-locking

Understanding patient’s complaints

Knee gives way

Understanding patient’s complaints

Stiffness

Understanding patient’s complaints

Clicking

Understanding patient’s complaints

Loss of ROM

Examination

Exposure

Let the patient be comfortable and relaxed

Examine the knee from the same side

Examine standing

Examine walking

Deformity

Tell-tale sign

Muscle wasting indicates long-standing problem

Effusion

Fluid-shift test

Specific Point of tenderness ??

Examination for ligaments

• Compare with opposite side

• Look for ‘one more’ ligament injury

• Look for PCL injury

Quadricepscontraction

Resting position(tibia subluxed)

tibia movesanterior

Quadriceps active testQuadriceps active test

Modified Lachmann Test

Tests for meniscus tear

• Mc Murray's

• Apley’s

• Squat test

• Xxx

• xxx

Patello-femoral joint

• Alignment

• Medio-lateral tissue balancing

• Crepitus

• Tenderness

To conclude…

• IDK means “I Don’t Know”• Compare with the other side• Patello-femoral joint is also there

Thank you for your kind attention

Be careful with...

• Patients with severe disease wanting a minimal-invasive option for their fully invaded disease

Be careful with...

• Patients asking for arthroscopy as MRI shows …