Post on 13-Dec-2015
EvolutionEvolutionDiversity of LifeDiversity of Life
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Bell RingerBell Ringer
Name two of the unique species that Name two of the unique species that Darwin observed on his voyage.Darwin observed on his voyage.
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Bell RingerBell Ringer
How did the geologists of his time How did the geologists of his time influence Darwin’s understanding influence Darwin’s understanding of the world.of the world.
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Bell RingerBell Ringer
Why was Lamarck’s theory of Why was Lamarck’s theory of evolution incorrect?evolution incorrect?
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Daily ObjectivesDaily Objectives
Describe the ideas that influenced Describe the ideas that influenced Darwin’s scientific understanding. Darwin’s scientific understanding.
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““Nothing in Nothing in biology makes biology makes
sense EXCEPT in sense EXCEPT in the light of the light of evolution.evolution.””
Theodosius Theodosius DobzhanskyDobzhansky
Evolution
Charles Darwin in later yearsCharles Darwin in later years
Evolutionary Evolutionary TimelineTimeline
Early Ideas On Early Ideas On Earth’s OrganismsEarth’s Organisms
Aristotle believed Aristotle believed species were fixed species were fixed creations arranged creations arranged by their complexityby their complexity
Idea lasted Idea lasted 20002000 yearsyears
This arrangement This arrangement is like a is like a ladderladder
Early Ideas On Early Ideas On Earth’s OrganismsEarth’s Organisms
Linnaeus – First person Linnaeus – First person to group similar to group similar organisms and assign organisms and assign them Latin namesthem Latin names
Two word name Two word name (Genus species)(Genus species)
Known as Binomial Known as Binomial nomenclaturenomenclature
Example of Binomial Example of Binomial NomenclatureNomenclature
CatastrophismCatastrophism
Idea proposed by George Idea proposed by George CuvierCuvier
Studied fossils in sedimentary Studied fossils in sedimentary rock strata of Parisrock strata of Paris
Found some species Found some species completely disappeared in completely disappeared in more recent layersmore recent layers
CatastrophismCatastrophism
Stated that species Stated that species disappear due to a disappear due to a catastrophic event of catastrophic event of the earth’s crust the earth’s crust
Ex. (volcano, Ex. (volcano, earthquake, flood, etc)earthquake, flood, etc)
Hutton’s Theory of Hutton’s Theory of Geological ChangeGeological Change
James Hutton, 1795, James Hutton, 1795, Scottish geologistScottish geologist
Described the geological Described the geological forces that have changed life forces that have changed life on earth over millions of on earth over millions of years years
(erosion, earthquakes, (erosion, earthquakes, volcanoes…)volcanoes…)
Hutton’s Theory of Hutton’s Theory of Geological ChangeGeological Change
Changes in Earth’s Changes in Earth’s crust are due to crust are due to slow, continuous slow, continuous processesprocesses
This idea is known This idea is known as: Gradualismas: Gradualism
Charles LyellCharles Lyell
Proposed theory of Proposed theory of UniformintarianismUniformintarianism
Geological processes Geological processes occur at uniform occur at uniform (constant) rates building (constant) rates building & wearing down Earth’s & wearing down Earth’s crustcrust
Proposed that the Earth Proposed that the Earth was millions of years old was millions of years old instead of a few instead of a few thousand years oldthousand years old
Principles of GeologyPrinciples of GeologyPublished by Lyell just before Published by Lyell just before
the Beagle set sail & it was the Beagle set sail & it was read by Darwinread by Darwin
Explained geological Explained geological processes that shaped the processes that shaped the earthearth
Helped Darwin understand Helped Darwin understand sea shells in the Andes sea shells in the Andes Mountains at 12,000+ feetMountains at 12,000+ feetExpanded Earth’s AgeExpanded Earth’s Age
Lamarck’s Theory of Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionEvolution
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, 18091809
One of first scientists to One of first scientists to understand that change understand that change occurs over timeoccurs over time
Stated that changes are Stated that changes are adaptations to the adaptations to the environment acquired in environment acquired in an organism’s lifetimean organism’s lifetime
Said acquired changes Said acquired changes were passed to offspringwere passed to offspring
LamarckLamarck’’s Theory of s Theory of EvolutionEvolution
Idea called Law Idea called Law of Use and of Use and DisuseDisuse
If a body part If a body part was used, it got was used, it got strongerstronger
If body part was If body part was NOT used, then NOT used, then it deterioratedit deteriorated
Lamarck’s Theory of Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionEvolution
Examples of Use Examples of Use and Disuseand Disuse
Blacksmiths & Blacksmiths & Their Sons Their Sons (muscular arms)(muscular arms)
Giraffe’s Necks Giraffe’s Necks Longer (from Longer (from stretching)stretching)
copyright cmassengale20
Lamarck’s Theory of Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionEvolution
Inheritance Of Acquired TraitsInheritance Of Acquired TraitsTraits acquired during ones Traits acquired during ones
lifetime would be passed to lifetime would be passed to offspringoffspring
Lamarck’s Theory of Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionEvolution
Tendency toward perfectionTendency toward perfection
Organisms are continually Organisms are continually changing and acquiring features changing and acquiring features that help them live more that help them live more successfully in their environmentsuccessfully in their environment
Example: Bird ancestors desired Example: Bird ancestors desired to fly so they tried until wings to fly so they tried until wings developeddeveloped
Lamarck’s MistakesLamarck’s Mistakes
Did NOT Know how traits Did NOT Know how traits were inherited (Traits are were inherited (Traits are passed through genes)passed through genes)
Genes are not changed by Genes are not changed by activities in lifeactivities in life
Change through mutation Change through mutation occurs before an organism is occurs before an organism is bornborn
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
Thomas Malthus, 1798Thomas Malthus, 1798
EconomistEconomist
Observed babies being born Observed babies being born faster than people were dyingfaster than people were dying
Human population size is Human population size is limited by resources such as limited by resources such as the food supplythe food supply
The Struggle for The Struggle for ExistenceExistence
Malthus’ Influence on Darwin:High Birth Rates & Limited High Birth Rates & Limited
Resources Would Force Life Resources Would Force Life & Death Competition& Death Competition
Each Species Struggles For:FoodFoodLiving SpaceLiving SpaceMatesMates
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Evolutionary Evolutionary TimelineTimeline
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