Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 1

ESB

EWSESB

ESB

ESB ESB

ESB ESB

ESB

ESBESB

ESB

EWS

EWS

EWS

Bluetooth

WLAN

ESB

ScatterWebDemo and hands-on

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller

Computer Systems & TelematicsFreie Universität Berlin, Germany

schiller@computer.org

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 2

Overview

Components for demo

Directed Diffusion for data forwarding

Automatic tree generation and image transmission

Hands-on, terminal, …

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 3

ESB2 Full Featured

Reset

Transceiver

Beeper

Microphone

EEPROM

µController

Capacitor

PIR

IR receiver

IR sender

ButtonVibration

LEDs

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 4

ScatterFlasher

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 5

Sensor Node with Camera (prototype)

Camera facing a mirror

Picture taken and transmitted by a sensor node

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 6

Node Architecture

Separation into firmware and taskStable “core”SW updates stored in EEPROM firstFlashing as second step

Synchronized (time or command)Checksum

TaskLinked against firmwareCan use all functionsCan register callback functions

0xFFFF

I/O

RAM(2 K)

Bootloader

Infomem

Interrupts (FFE0)

Flash ROM(60 K)

0xFE00

Firmware DataPROG1 Data

Stack

Firmware Text

PROG2 Data

PROG1 Text PROG2 Text

0x1100

0x1000

0x09FF

0x0200

0x0000

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 7

Problem No. 1: Routing

Consider dynamic topologyDevice mobility plus changes in channel characteristicsSeparation and merging of networks possibleAsymmetrical connections

N7 N6

N1

N4

N2

N5

N3

N6

N7N1

N4

N2

N5

N3

time = t1 time = t2

Good connectionWeak connection

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 8

Routing in Ad-hoc-Networks

THE big research tasks for many yearsFar more than 100 different proposals existSimple: Flooding

ReasonClassical approaches from fixed networks fail

Slow convergence, big overheadHigh dynamicity, low bandwidth, low computing power

Metrics for routingMinimum

Number of nodes, data loss, delay, congestion, interference, …Maximum

Stability of network, run-time of battery driven nodes, coherence of network, …

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 9

Die Vielfalt von Ad-hoc-Routing-Protokollen

FlatProactive – permanent maintenance of routes

FSLS – Fuzzy Sighted Link StateFSR – Fisheye State RoutingOLSR – Optimized Link State Routing ProtocolTBRPF – Topology Broadcast Based on Reverse Path Forwarding

Reactive – route establishment on demandAODV – Ad hoc On demand Distance VectorDSR – Dynamic Source Routing

HierarchicalCGSR – Clusterhead-Gateway Switch RoutingHSR – Hierarchical State RoutingLANMAR – Landmark Ad Hoc RoutingZRP – Zone Routing Protocol

With geo-location supportDREAM – Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for MobilityGeoCast – Geographic Addressing and RoutingGPSR – Greedy Perimeter Stateless RoutingLAR – Location-Aided Routing

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 10

Routing in Sensor Networks

Implementation of (simplified) directed diffusion scheme [Intanagonwiwat, Govindan, Estrin, Heidemann, Silva, 2003]

Sink

Solar-aware directed diffusion[Voigt, Ritter, Schiller, demo at ACM sensys 2003]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 11

Localized Interactions

Interest MessagesInterest in sensor data: Attribute/Value pairGradient: remember direction of interested node

Data MessagesSend back data using gradientsHop count guarantees shortest path

Sink

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 12

Solar-aware routing …

Only sensors with sufficient energy forward data for other nodes

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 13

Solar-aware Routing

Solar-powered nodeSend status updates to neighbors

Either proactive or when sniffing ongoing trafficHave neighbor nodes reroute the traffic

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 14

Simulation Results

# Nodes

Localized InteractionsImprovement[%]

20 64

26,8%15,1% 12,1%

96

# Nodes

Solar Directed DiffusionImprovement[%]

20 640%

10-20% 5-20%

96

Metric: number of messagestransmitted usingbattery

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 15

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 16

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 2

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 17

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 3

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 18

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 4

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 19

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 5

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 20

Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 6