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Epilogueb e c a u s e t h e r e i s m o r e t o k n o w
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Editor Zafar Iqbal Choudhary
Consulting EditorD. Suba Chandran
Associate EditorIrm Amin Baig
Designs & LayoutKeshav Sharma
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CONTENTS
Prologue
Letters to the editor 4
Hear & Hear
5
News Wrap
J&K Stories 7
Column
Vision From Valley 44Srinagar Sentiments 51Days Gone By 53
Ladakh
Project Himank 44Diary 47
3
Who Said What
Volume 2, Issue 9, October 2008
IN FOCUS
LoC Trade
Beginning Of A New Chapter17Interview18Mubeen Shah
Interview22Ram Sahai
Document 23Indo-Pak Joint Statement
Making Borders Irrelevant24Poonch-Rawlakote38The Road Much Traveled, Less Visisted
Epilogue Ø 1 × October 2008
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JAMMU & KASHMIR
POLITICSBUSINESSVIEWS & NEWS
CULTURESTRATEGIC AFFAIRS
or all those Kashmir is not import tea from India. Similarly,
anything to look at, trans- Pakistan is one of largest producer of
LoC contacts have always molasses and India one of biggest Fbeen a major suggestion to consumers but there is no mutual
ease tension not only between two trade. Being partners in trade,
divided parts of troubled Jammu and Pakistan and India can emerge as
Kashmir but also between India and stable economic powers and also
Pakistan. For a layman, trading with resolve their most contentious issue
each other means investing in each of Kashmir which has been eating up
other –investing in business, investing their economies to the roots. The
in trust, investing in confidence, trans-LoC trade will go down in the
investing in cooperation and investing annals of history as the most practical
in peace. When the an area of dispute m e a s u r e t o w a r d s e c o n o m i c
becomes area of mutual investment integration of the region divided at
in all the above sectors it can, of b i r t h . W h i l e t h i s c a l l s f o r
course, change destiny of it land and celebrations, at the same time there
people. Therefore, the agreement of is need to look inwards. The trade ties
trans-LoC trade between two parts of are breaking down between Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir comes as a and Jammu. Trade was perhaps one
biggest confidence building measure major area where these two regions
of all the initiatives taken by India of the state enjoyed a level playing.
and Pakistan towards resolving With political and social ties between
Kashmir and having cordial relations two regions already bruised, severing
with each other. Though the trade of trade ties is fraught with dangerous
across LoC begins in October as a consequences. Onus is on all
symbolic measure of building stakeholders to save state from this
confidence between both sides but disaster. With a report from United
eventually it will be trade between States Institute of Peace as cover
India and Pakistan and Kashmir will be feature, our present issue looks at the
the bridge. After a big hearted whole scope and future of trans-LoC
initiative of India and Pakistan, once contacts towards blurring of borders.
Jammu and Kashmir sets the trend, Our most sincere thanks are due to
India and Pakistan will learn from USIP and in particular Mr Kay Hechler
here the basics of investing in each for endowing to Epilogue their latest
other. They will have to change the report 'Making Borders Irrelevant'.
mindset. See, Pakistan is world's Feedback :largest importer of tea and India
Zafarchoudhary@epilogue.inlargest producer. Still Pakistan does
Let Boundaries Blur
Zafar Choudhary
Epilogue Ø 3 × October 2008
P R O L O G U E
FROM THE EDITOR
Epilogueb e c a u s e t h e r e i s m o r e t o k n o w
EPILOGUE aims at providing a platform where a meaningful exchange of ideas, opinion and thoughts can take place among the people and about the people of Jammu & Kashmir. The attempt is to research, investigate, communicate and disseminate information, ideas and alternatives for the resolution of common problems facing the state and society of Jammu & Kashmir and in the context of their significance to South Asia as a whole.
We welcome contributions from academics, journalists, researchers, economists and strategic thinkers. We would also like to encourage first-time writers with the only requirements being a concern for and the desire to understand the prevailing issues and themes of life in Jammu & Kashmir
Contributions may be investigative, descriptive, analytical or theoretical. They may be in the form of original articles or in the form of a comment on current events. All contributions have to be neatly typed in double space and may be sent to the address given alongside or e-mailed to the editor.
W h i l e t h e e d i t o r a c c e p t s responsibility for the selection of the material published, individual authors are responsible for the facts, figures and views in their articles.
Mirror to state of affairs Political duplicity Welcome initiative on Ladakh
The world knows a very little about No one can deny the fact that the state It is ridiculous when Jenab Shafi Uri Ladakh and the knowledge and interest failed to tackle the Land issue, Gautam blames his political rivals and India of even the journalists mainly remained Navlakha's deep rooted research based for mis-handling the situation in the focused on tourism in Ladakh, but with fact story is a mirror for the state state during the Amarnath land EPILOGUE we are able to know and politics and immature policies of the controversy, N.C has ruled the state explore Ladakh and its economy beyond state and union to handle the sensitive for a long time, they had even tourism. Really it is quite appreciable issue of Kashmir. He not only described shared the power at center with the that you provided us a glimpse of real
the background but also tries to depict saffron brigade, but then they Ladakh beyond tourism. Prior to your
the further consequences of the policy n e v e r e v e n t r i e d t o b r i n g Story we could not even believe that failure of the government in Kashmir. I transparency on the issue on the farming would have been the profession am really happy to experience such a conscious mind of Jammu region on of Ladakh people.wonderful analytical story and he truly the discrimination. It would have deserves congratulations for his been better if his senior leaders had Suraj Parkash,wonderful piece of work with Bangalorealso adopted a balanced approach EPILOGUE. while parroting different slogans in
Obvious DivideJammu, Delhi and Kashmir.Anu Sharma,
Scholar, Jammu University A small administrative order over the Shehraza Malik,land transfer gathered the momentum Law Student, Pune
and put the state on fire, there was an Keep it up obvious reaction form both the sides,
whereas in Jammu they came with Press, not so freeWith a hope of continuity of EPILOGUE discrimination saga and in the valley
to depict the socio-political scenario of The credibility of media was doubted Hurriyat and other mainstream parties
also missed no chance to fuel the fire. Jammu and Kashmir to the world, we and there was an attempt to oppress the Its hurting but still the fact that the two feel proud to be the reader of Jammu freedom of press, EPILOGUE's months agitation has divided the state, and Kashmir's perhaps only such chronological views on the number of like Russia and U.S.A during their cold Magazine available throughout the incidence of attacks on the journalists war period, the two regions of the state country. Any how the last issue of the and cameramen clearly enlights on the have fallen into the vicious trap of magazine was fabulous and especially duplicity of the state on the name of so vested interests. The last issue of the 'movie reviews' at the same time it is called freedom of press. What could be EPILOGUE represented the balanced really a matter of concern for us that more shameful for a democracy when views from both the regions and have
how a smaller issue got the potential of your voice is thrashed with guns and appreciably adopted a unique
a wildfire in the state. force ?approach.
Dr. Zeeshan Chouhan Imran ul Hasan,Satyam Bhagat,
Unani Medicines, Srinagar District: RambanRohini, New Delhi
M A I L B O X
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Epilogue Ø 4 × October 2008
Mail your letters to editor@epilogue.in
Epilogue Ø 5 × October 2008
H E A R A N D H E A R
WHO SAID WHAT
I believe that the Hurriyat has the right to say We do not have ideological compatibility with that they represent the people, I don't think any party. It is easy to go for alliance in any that only those who participate in elections other state but not in J&K. have the right to claim representation of the
people.Arun Jaitely, Senior Leader BJP Saif-ud-din Soz, Union Minister for Water Resources
Starting trade on Cross-LOC route is a non-issue I don’t believe that independence for Kashmir for us. Our struggle is far right to self is a feasible or a viable option and I stand by determination.that.
Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Senior Separatist Leader
Omar Abdullah, President N.C.
Elections are essential to ensure a legitimate representative status. The Hurriyat Conference should Trifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir is contest elections so that the people may take them completely out of question. We are seriously at home and aborad. committed to address alienation with all
sensitivity.Bhim Singh, Supremo, JKNPP
Sonia Gandhi, President Congress Party
Addressing the public sentiments with open Kashmir remains the 'core issue' between mind is a challenge and gun could not be India and Pakistan and every Pakistan Ex-state's medium of expression in the current Government has viewed it so. The Pakistani scenario.position is well know.
Mufti Mohd. Sayeed, Former Chief Minister Asif Ali Zardari, President, Pakistan
Central Government should nationalize the road to the Amarnath Yatra so that in future no attempt is made to disturb the social harmony for political reasons Rajnath Singh, National President, BJP
Epilogue Ø 7 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
are ready whenever Commission decides”. ome four months back when then Chief Secretary BR
Kundal resigned to join Ghulam Nabi Azad cabinet, BJP is the one party which wants elections held as soon as Selections were seen happening anytime then. Ministers possible. “If Kashmir is not ready for elections why should
were missing from their secretariat offices as all politicians Jammu and Ladakh regions wait for that”, says Arun Jaitly
were fanned out to their electoral constituencies. Ruling party general secretary and incharge of J&K affairs. When
coalition partners Peoples Democratic Party and the asked about the separatist movement in Kashmir which may
Congress were as usual, warring against each other take bring the poll participation down to negligible, Jaitly said,
credit of populist measures –many of them still waiting to be “this is a wrong notion. More mainstream politics and
announced. It was apparently with an eye on garnering more competitive elections will neutralize the separatist
seats in the Hindu majority Jammu region that Chief constituency”.
Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad did a quick approval to In fact the BJP is desperate to reap the harvest of Amarnath shrine land allotment and the PDP of recent agitation on Amarnath land row in Muftis opposed move playing up to its Jammu. This agitation saw strengthening Kashmir constituency. Four months down and rise of rightwing political parties in the line, the mainstream political at least four of the ten districts. The landscape has been changed to so Shri Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti worst that even talk of elections is –which spearheaded agitation –has so sounding ridiculous. far no plans of contesting elections
As per the legislative calendar, by and therefore the BJP expects a
this time the poll season in Jammu cakewalk on dozen odd
and Kashmir should have been at its constituencies if elections are held
zenith. Post-Amarnath land row, the immediately as the agitated
mainstream politics has got such a sentiments against Congress and
severe beating that not only the political Kashmir based parties are still fresh.
parties but also the Election Commission of The Election Commission after meeting India is clueless about election timing. Term of political parties had series of consultations present Jammu and Kashmir and Legislative with security agencies, J&K state administration Assembly (dissolved on July 10 after fall of Ghulam Nabi and the Union Home Ministry. A final meeting of Election Azad government) was to end on November 20 and a new Commission with Governor NN Vohra, who is keen to have an government should have been elected by that time. A little elected government in place at the earliest, is still pending. over 50 days have left for that deadline but there is still no The UPA government is in a double whammy on the movement on the poll front. elections. If elections are held now and the poll percentage Almost all political parties, except BJP, clearly put their in Valley does not go beyond five percent this can be an foot down to the disturbed security scenario when the embarrassment for India internationally. India has always Election Commission of India had its first consultation defended the secessionist voices and the international meeting in New Delhi on September 8. With their wide support thereof by its elections results. Valley base, Peoples Democratic Party and the National Valley had polled 29 per cent in 2002 assembly elections Conference told election commission that situation in which definitely boosted India's image. In 2002 byelections Kashmir was not suitable for elections. The Congress, with a on three Valley constituencies in north Kashmir, the poll poor presence in Valley and drastically shrunk base in percentage was as high as 70 per cent – far and far above Jammu region, played it diplomatically. “We have left it to the national average. India had obviously wanted to see this the Election Commission to decide poll dates”, said Union trend repeated in 2008 elections, and there were definite Minister and state Congress President Saif-ud-Din Soz. “We chances for this, but the Amarnath land row has pushed
ELECTIONS
International Audience, DomesticDissidence Delaying Assembly Polls
Epilogue Ø 8 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
Valley back to the wall.
To ease situation in Kashmir, which
literally back to early 1990s era,
the UPA government and the state
Governor NN Vohra's administration
have recently took a slew of
firefighting measures to ease
sentiments and create a conducive
situation for elections. The idea
was to through the Srinagar-
Muzaffarabad route open for Cross-
LoC trade and to connect the
Valley with Muslim dominated
districts of Rajouri and Poonch via
Mughal Road before Eid so as to
address some amount of
alienation. The Cross-LoC trade
though has been decided to
commence on October 21 but a
possible fair weather drive on the
Mughal Road is reported to have
been snowed in may be till early
next year when the snow melts.
It is all a guess work about final
timing of elections. While the
elections in present scenario are
fraught with the doubts of lacking
legitimacy with a poor public
participation, delaying the
exercise may still be a bad
advertisement for India at
international level. Sources say
that the Election Commission is
likely to take a final call on
schedule in first week of October.
As per the revised electoral rolls,
Jammu and Kashmir now 64,81,000
voters listed for the 2008 assembly
elections. There were nearly 63
lakh registered voters when last
assembly elections were held in
2002. According to Election
Department, in the forthcoming
assembly elections 4.48 lakh fresh
voters will be casting their votes
while 3.68 lakh of them are the
new voters –attaining age of 18
after last elections –who will be
casting first vote of their life.
ollowing
Amarnath Fland row
agitation and
unprecedented
regional
polarization
between Kashmir
and Jammu the
voices of
regional
discrimination
are getting
shriller than
ever. While this
grouse has
remained
predominant in
Jammu for all
sixty years
–precisely since
the end of Dogra
Maharaja's rule
–of late harsher
complaints from
Kashmir have
started pouring
in. With both
regions
complaining
against each
other the task
has become
difficult for
planners and
researchers to
actually reach at
an objective opinion. In this backdrop, the Governor NN Vohra has proposed a
pragmatic step to lay the foundations for balanced funding as India's Thirteenth
Finance Commission has started working out the next Five Year Plan.
J&K's coalition government in its last year in office had constituted as State
Finance Commission with an objective to regional imbalances in funding
DEVELOPMENT
Plan Model Being Re-StructuredAs ‘Discrimination’ Voices Get Shriller
JAMMU KASHMIR
Agriculture
Irrigation
Roads & Buildings
Health
Tourism
Sewerage
Drainage
Housing & Urban Dev
Power
All figures in Rupees Crore, based on Five Year Plan Fundings
5761 104.5 FYP8147.31 253.17 FYP9270.49 380.29 FYP10337.56 519.41 FYP11
91.14 136.64 FYP8112.79 210.05 FYP9267.76 446.72 FYP10282.54 365.35 FYP11
114.2 247.22 FYP829.38 403.67 FYP9730.93 751.03 FYP101229.24 1229.24 FYP11
123.92 135.34 FYP8226.07 274.45 FYP9330.32 390.25 FYP10510.81 819.22 FYP11
15.21 34.39 FYP834.99 58.01 FYP947.17 109.85 FYP1036.29 83.09 FYP11
2.92 6.81 FYP86.26 14.61 FYP930.61 71.42 FYP1011.54 35.67 FYP11
20.37 45.53 FYP827.84 64.96 FYP932.31 75.41 FYP1067.75 109.61 FYP11
19.38 45.23 FYP839.87 93.02 FYP969.65 162.52 FYP1027.94 518.88 FYP11
516.75 775.12 FYP856.94 85.41 FYP91154 1731.43 FYP103278.78 4918.17 FYP11
Epilogue Ø 9 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
pattern and propose suggestions for future
development funding so that each region gets its due
share. Vohra recently had a meeting with the Finance
Commission –its chairman Mehmood-ur-Rehman and
three members, one each drawn from Jammu, Kashmir
and Ladakh regions.
The Governor observed that the recommendations on
the fiscal devolution to civic bodies and other
measures for strengthening the Local Self Governing
bodies could go a long way in decentralization of the
decision making process, a leading to qualitative
improvement in governance. Rehman apprised the
Governor about the Commission's visits and
interactions in each of the districts of the State except
two, which the Commission proposes to visit along with
other remote and backward areas across the State. He
said that the Commission had also extensively studied
various Public Sector Corporations across in the State.
The Commission was, in particular, looking into the
issues pertaining to corporate governance, with the
objective of restructuring of these institutions of vital
public importance.
Rehman said that the Commission was mapping the
regions and sub-regions with reference to well
accepted development indicators for identifying the
backlog of development in backward areas and suggest
strategies for short-term and long-term correction. He
said that the Commission was also identifying measures
to bring about a paradigm shift in the approach for
inter-se allocation of resources by treating each region
and sub-region within the region as a targeted
economic unit. The Chairman said that the Commission
was also reviewing the state of finances and suggesting
restructuring of the public finances, restoring
budgetary balance, achieving macro-economic stability
and debt reduction. He said that the Commission would
be suggesting measures needed to augment the
resources of the State Government, particularly to
supplement resources of Halqa Panchayats,
Municipalities and Municipal Corporations. Meanwhile,
a senior BJP leader, Prof Hari Om seems to have put in
a lot of effort in pointing out that “Kashmiri political
elite” alone is not be blamed for the alleged regional
discrimination against Jammu is New Delhi is an “equal
culprit”. Hari Om has complied the sector-wise funding
details of last four Five Year Plans which clearly show a
lopsided funding, if the figures are genuine as Hari Om
claims. (See table)
t has not been heard anywhere in India, but Jammu and
Kashmir is on the way to set a precedence. Voluntary Ishut downs as part of agitations is always considered as
voluntary and not forced; therefore government
compensation in such cases is something unheard of. The
Shri Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti (SAYSS), which
spearheaded two-month long agitation in Jammu on
Amarnath shrine land row, put a specific condition before
the government for calling off agitation. Besides restoration
of the controversial piece of 800 kanals of forest land to the
shrine board, the Samiti put 12 other conditions before the
government which included compensation to all sectors of
economy which suffered losses during agitation. Cornered at
all fronts, the government was quick to agree. Though the
demand was specific for Jammu region alone but in its
balancing act, the Government decided to extend this
benefit to Kashmir Valley's units of economy as well. The
Governor's administration has now constituted a Working
Group under the Chief Secretary to examine cases of losses
and work out the compensation package. The Working Group
has to complete the exercise in two months (before October
end). The cash starved J&K Government will be forwarding
the case to Central Government for financial assistance.
Though an exact and authentic tabulation of losses is yet to
be made, but representative bodies of trade, commerce and
industries in Jammu have said that losses run beyond Rs
10,000 Crores. Ram Sahai, President of Chamber of
Commerce and Industries have said that the losses mount to
over Rs 9600 Crores. Some other sections not covered by the
CCI have also been reporting losses in hundreds of crores of
rupees. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry has
reported losses to the tune of Rs 25,000 Crores. Now it has
to be seen as how government works out this more than Rs
30,000 Crore compensation package.
ECONOMIC LOSSES
Agitation Reportedly Cost Economy Over Rs 30,000 Crores
Epilogue Ø 10 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
ashmir Valley has definitely returned to its early-1990s era of separatist upsurge but
there is one remarkable difference –the gun discourse is missing. However, traveling Ksouth of Pir Panchal, in Jammu region the scene is being reset to the mid and late
1990s with a visible presence of the gun.
Ever since Kashmir Valley re-erupted June this year with the dominant Azadi discourse, what
has lend credence to the voices and added to the worries of New Delhi is the fact that all is
not being done on the gun point. In early years of 1990s when the slogan shouting Valley
residents stayed more on streets than their houses, the popular perception was all that
being done under the shadow of gun. That may have been largely those times, but this time
around gun has been carefully kept away from the scene to send a message of popular
uprising and not the militancy.
Surprisingly, militancy is on its revision course in Jammu province where sporadic incidents of violence and infiltration are on an alarming rise. Intelligence reports have that some 800 ultras are waiting on the other side of International Border and Line of Control along Jammu region to cross over at an opportune time. Such “opportune times” are now happening much frequently and that too under the fire cover provided by Pakistani Rangers or Army. While the Winter Capital City is reeling under a constant terror fear since ultras sneaked in on August 25 and took a family hostage before being killed in a 19-hour long gun battle, the fear
fter surviving
prolonged Adiplomatic rows,
geographical hurdles and
bureaucratic red-tapism,
J&K's most ambitious
power project, so far,
the 450 MW Baglihar
hydro-electric power
project is all set for
commercial generation
by middle of October.
Test run on three
turbines of 150 MW has
been performed
successfully.
On Baglihar, India had
fought a long row with
Pakistan under the
Indus Water Treaty. It
MILITANCY
Gun Relatively Silent In Valley,Jammu Returns To Late 1990’s era
POWER
450 MW Baglihar Project Ready To Change J&K’s Destiny
Epilogue Ø 11 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
factor is also looming large in the countryside and the border melting hot with activity.
Having enjoyed few years of security and peace in their home and hearths since November 2003 ceasefire, the border residents along five districts in Jammu region are again a worried lot. Since November 2003 ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan, life had limped back to normalcy along the International Border and the Line of Control and people had resumed their usual farm activity which was on doldrums after the Kargil conflict of 1999. However, since past few months a deep sense of insecurity is prevailing among the residents of border areas as cases of firing and infiltration have picked up drastically and some times getting more frequent than the pre-ceasefire times.
Reports from across the region have been pouring in on the presence of militants. It was around two to three months back when people in the border districts of Rajouri and Poonch started reporting huge presence of militants in the interiors and now a similar situation is being reported from the areas along IB, in Jammu, Samba and Kathua districts.
Between April and August this year, there have been at least 29 instances when Pakistani troops violated the truce with India and fired at Indian posts along the Line of Control (LoC) to provide covering fire to militants. One incident was reported in April, two in May and seven in June. The figure rose to 10 in July, while at least nine violations took place in August. About 150 intruders had managed to cross over to the Indian side since January, sources said.
'The recent firing along the LoC is mainly an attempt of infiltration by militants and the armed forces are keeping a vigil. By and large, we have been able to defeat the attempts of militants. The coming few months are crucial and we have to be more alert and the armed forces have been asked to be more vigilant,' Defence Minister AK Antony said on September 5 in New Delhi.
Infiltration into Jammu and Kashmir normally begins at the end of March when the snows in the Himalayan ranges melt and the passes become accessible. Between March and July, the Indian Army says, there have been over 130 infiltration bids, of which about 20 succeeded.
was in February last year that a World Bank commissioned major functional projects like Dul Hasti are in the Center
expert panel headed by Raymond Liffete cleared the sector owned and operated by the National Hydroelectric
project of all objection with some suggestions of slight Power Corporation in which Jammu and Kashmir gets only 12
design change including reduction in height of the dam to per cent royalty share of the total production.
143 meters from the then height of 145 meters . On July There are more than 25 power projects –both in State and 31 this year, a three-member team from Pakistan led by Central sectors –harnessing a potential of around 1500 MWs. Central Water Commission (Indus Water Treaty) Some of the projects are operational while others are into Commissioner Syed Jamait Ali Shah had visited Baglihar various stages of completion. project and had given a clean chit to the project in its The peak hour electricity requirement in Jammu and report, after complete inspections. Kashmir around 2040 MWs but the total production in The project was started in 1999 and is almost complete state sector has so far been only 311 MWs. After resorting after much delay due to dispute raised by Pakistan and to scheduled power curtailments, the minimum supply is changes undertaken in design. The project, constructed by managed by around 950 MWs –procured from royalty out of
Jaypee Indistrues, was initially slated to be completed at a Central Sector projects, Power Trading Corporation of
cost of Rs 4000 crores by June 2006 but due to India and other sources. This supply too falls to around
unprecedented floods in mid 2005, the project received a 650 MWs in peak summers as well as in peak winters due
severe set back, as its tunnels got severely damaged. The to drop in river discharge and transmission and
distribution losses. natural calamity resulted in time and cost over run in the
project with the project cost rising from Rs 4000 crores to With generation of 450 MWs of power at Baglihar power Rs 5200 crores. project the total electricity production in the State Sector
will go upwards 800 MWs. This will not only push the This is first major state-owned power project in Jammu and
economic growth of state but will also bring down the huge Kashmir and its commissioning is going to be a major
expenditure on electricity procurement. milestone in economic development of the state. All other
Epilogue Ø 12 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
n aesthetic and comfort marvel of Indian Railways,
the Kashmir Valley is all set to have one of the most Abeautiful and comfortable trains of country chugging
between its northern most part –Baramulla and the southern
most township of Qazigund. However, the dream of
integrating Kashmir with rest of India by train is getting
elusive by the day even as authorities are making a discreet
silence on imminent delay on the project.
sparked off doubts which the authorities are yet to clarify. Rail link within and to Kashmir Valley has two phases –one
which connects Valley within and the other connects Valley As a part of Jammu-Udhampur-Baramulla rail link the
with rest of country. Valley's internal rail line is a 199 world's third highest railway bridge was coming up over River
Kilometer track between Qazigund and Baramulla. The Chenab in village Kauri in the newly created Reasi district.
After spending more than Rs 100 Crores and risking the
claims of an international construction consortium running
beyond Rs 200 Crores, the government is reported to have
cancelled the project after belatedly learning about its
unfeasibility.
After global tendering the Konkan Railways had in 2004
allotted the construction work of this project to Ultra-
Afcons-VSL, an international construction consortium. The
bridge on river Chenab was supposed to have a total length
of 1320 metres, the single longest arch span of 480 metres
and the height from the bed level to the rail level of 359
metres –highest anywhere in the world.
At an estimated cost of Rs 500 Crores, the Kauri bridge was
to be completed in a period of 30 months which, however,
had elapsed early last year. The construction work on the
bridge had picked up only earlier this year but now the construction work on this section having 800 bridges is 95 per report has come about cancellation of the project. cent complete and Rs 2200 Crores out of the estimated prost In a letter dated September 4, the railway board announced cost of Rs 2400 Crores have already been spent. An air- "all existing contracts" with Konkan Railway Corporation conditioned, eight coach diesel multiple unit with push back Limited (KRCL) for a 34-km stretch of the railway link seats will chug on this track which has 15 stations on the way between Jammu and Kashmir, which includes the with the central Srinagar-Nowgam station being construction of the Chenab mega arch bridge, have been architecturally and aesthetically, the most beautiful station
in the Indian Railways.
However, the line linking Kashmir with rest of the country –the
148 kilometer Katra-Qazigund track –is appearing to be an
elusive project yet. The special feature of this section is that
80 per cent of the 148 kilometer track will be covered by
tunnels and 12 per cent by bridges, thus leaving only 8 per cent
open. This section was supposed to have world's third highest
railway bridge but recent reports of change in alignment have
RAILWAYS
Suspense, elusion over Kashmir’s‘Rail-Line Integration’ With India
The railway project in the State comprises three sections- Udhampur-Katra, Katra-Qazigund and Qazigund-Baramulla, taken up at a cumulative cost of Rs 11000 crores. For the current financial year, Rs 1000 crores have been earmarked.
Upon its commissioning the Qazigund-Baramulla track would would generate direct employment for 3900 persons in the Valley, in addition to indirect employment. The Railways is also processing 400 cases for providing employment to one person in each of the land loser families, those which have given to the Railways more than 75 per cent of their holdings, in Kashmir. Appointment letters have been issued to 120 candidates so far, who are undergoing training in different parts of the country.
Railways were constructing 270 kilometers of access roads, at the cost of the Railways, to carry machinery and equipment to the Project sites. After the completion of the Project, these roads would connect 60 villages and will be of immense use for the locals of the concerned areas.
Epilogue Ø 13 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
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"short closed" (meaning, terminated before completion of alignment of the entire 125 km track between Katra and
work).? Banihal skirting the mountains at altitudes ranging from 800
to 1,700 metres.As a corollary, the board's decision puts a stop to the sub-
contract signed by KRCL in 2004 with the international This has sparked off doubts as authorities are not officially
consortium, Ultra-Afcons-VSL, to design and build the clarifying the proposed change in alignment. The only word
Chenab bridge within 30 months. Though the stipulated which we have about the impact of this design change is
period for the execution of the project lapsed last year, the from a meeting which J&K Governor NN Vohra had with the
consortium is yet to build even the foundation in the official of Northern Railways in New Delhi on September 16.
mountain slope on either side of the river as Northern Briefing about the meeting, an official spokesman of J&K
Railways, in view of the treacherous geological conditions, government said that despite change in alignment on
could not clear any of its plans for the bridge.? Jammu side of the Udhampur-Katra-Qazigund rail line, the
Northern Railway has assured Governor NN Vohra that the In a tacit reference to the claims of Rs 300 crore submitted completion of the railway link will not be delayed beyond by the consortium for the manpower and machinery idling at the stipulated time. the site, the board said, "A proper record of material,
unfinished work abandoned at the site shall be kept for “Allaying the apprehensions about the change in the
examining legitimate claims."? alignment on the Jammu side of the track, the General
Manager assured that the work on this track will be speeded The decision to scrap the bridge was taken by the board's up to facilitate the early completion of the Project”, said member (engineering) S K Vij as a sequel to an order passed the spokesman.by him on July 14 suspending all works on the existing
The construction work on this section having 800 bridges is 95 per cent complete and Rs 2200 Crores out of the estimated prost cost of Rs 2400 Crores have already been spent. An air-conditioned, eight coach diesel multiple unit with push back seats will chug on this track which has 15 stations on the way with the central Srinagar-Nowgam station being architecturally and aesthetically, the most beautiful station in the Indian Railways.
The special feature of Katra-Qazigund section is that 80 per cent of the 148 kilometer track will be covered by tunnels and 12 per cent by bridges, thus leaving only 8 per cent open.
Governor Vohra on Kashmir train ride
Epilogue Ø 14 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
ammu and Kashmir is though not able to compete most of other states in important
parameters of development but its Lok Sabha constituencies are doing quite good. JIndia Today's latest survey of best and worst constituencies of India has put J&K's Lok
Sabha segments in a class of their own. As the trend has it, the constituencies with large
urban base have faired well than those spread over hilly and rural areas. What makes the
state proud is that in an indexing of 543 Lok Sabha constituencies, its best is placed at
rank 208 and worst at 367 while Bihar makes an entry at 330 and Uttar Pradesh has 29 of
the 100 worst constituencies.
The Srinagar-Badgam Lok Sabha presently represented by National Conference president
Omar Abdullah segment has been placed at 208 rank in terms of performance on socio-
economic sector and at 279th in terms of infrastructure development. Omar's arch rival
and another young leader Mehbooba Mufti constituency –Anantnag-Pulwama -finishes
poor at the second last rank among six constituencies in the state.
Congress MP Chowdhary Lal Singh's constituency of Kathua-Udhampur-Doda has been
placed at the poor last rank in the state but he does not have to worry about it. After
all, Lal Singh's performance, though poor as per the survey finding, is at least 50 points
better than that of Congress president Sonia Gandhi's Rae Bariely constituency and
General Secretary Rahul Gandhi's Amethi constituency.
“Nothing quite compares with the eloquence of numbers. By definition India is a mosaic
of cultures, geographies and economies. And nothing symbolises this better than the
rankings of the Lok Sabha constituencies”, says the India Today magazine's survey of
India's best and worst constituencies.
The Jammu-Rajouri-Poonch Lok Sabha constituency represented by Madan Lal of
Congress has ranked at number in the state. Out of all LS seats in India, Madan's
constituency is at rank 260 in terms of socio-economic development and 247 in terms of
infrastructure access. The Congress MP has reason to feel happy and elated.
“I have put in all my efforts to repay to my electors the faith they reposed in me”, says
Madan. Among his major achievements, he counts over half a dozen colleges and double
laning of Jalandhar-Jammu rail line.
Ladakh constituency represented by Thupstan Chhewang of Ladakh Union Territory Front
is ranked at number three in the state and at all India level it is at rank 264 in terms of
socio-economic development and 184 in terms of access to infrastructure. The
Baramulla-Kupwara constituency represented by Abdul Rashid Shaheen of National
Conference is at 277 rank in terms of socio-economic development and 205 in access to
Constituency MP Socio-Eco Index Infrastructure
Srinagar-Budgam Omar Abdullah 208 279
Jammu-Kashmi Madan Lal 260 247
Ladakh Thupstan Chewang 264 184
Baramulla-Kupwara A.R. Shaheen 277 205
Anantnag-Pulwama Mehbooba Mufti 296 308
Udhampur-Doda Lal Singh 363 357
ith majority of the c e n t r a l l y f u n d e d Wa m b i t i o u s
infrastructure projects in J&K running appallingly behind schedule, a Parliamentary Panel has suggested a funding mechanism for this state where money is not considered lapsed at the end of financial year. Currently, most of the funds earmarked for the states are getting lapsed as harsh climatic conditions don't allow works at a steady pace. The panel also expressed concern that the Planning Commission and the Finance Ministry reduces the plan outlay for Jammu Kashmir projects due to non-completion of works.
Of the works running behind schedule are some of the major projects funded under Prime Minister's Special Infrastructure P a c k a g e . U n d e r t h e reconstruction plan made in 2004, seven road projects were taken up. None of it has met the deadline. Construction of Mughal road between Pulwama district in Kashmir valley and Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu was scheduled to be over in March 2007 but now a new deadline of April 2010 has been set. Out of the Rs 639.85 crore of fund alloted to the project, only Rs 162.35 crore had been spent till this April. Similarly, widening of Domel-Katra road by Border Road Organization (BRO) has missed the deadline of March 2007 and out of the total fund allotment, only 61per cent has been spent.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Major ProjectsSurpassing Deadlines By Years
SURVEY REPORTJ&K Lok Sabha ConstituenciesDoing Better Than Many In India
Epilogue Ø 15 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
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infrastructure.
Peoples Democratic Party president Mehbooba Mufti's
constituency of Anantnag-Pulwama is the second worst
performer at 296 rank in terms of socio-economic
development and 308 in access to infrastructure.
Chowdhary Lal Singh of Congress doubts the indexing
methodology as his constituency finishes last -363 in terms
of socio-economic development and 357 in terms of
infrastructure access. Lal Singh has a reason to protest.
The indexing is not the basis of performance an individual
MP may have registered during the present term. The
parameters also include what he inherited from his
predecessors.
“I have got more than 400 projects completed so far in the
areas of my constituency and am sure of meeting the 800
target before end of my term”, Lal Singh said. He further
said, “in Omar Abdullah's constituency only 90 projects
have been taken so far.
“Uttar Pradesh, which sends 80 MPs to Parliament and has
been home to eight prime ministers, makes an entry at
number 212 with Kanpur, thanks to the dividend of legacy
the commercial city delivers”, says the India Today survey.
“The real shocker is that Bihar boasts of 32 of the worst 100
constituencies while Uttar Pradesh is home to 29 to the
bottom of the pile. Curiously the listing reads virtually like
the first list of 100 worst districts classified by the Patel
Committee in 1964. It is as if time has stood still”.
Phulpur and Allahabad, represented by Jawaharlal Nehru,
who was prime minister for 17 years, rank 409 out of 543 on
the socioeconomic index.
Lucknow, which elected Atal Bihari Vajpayee, is placed at
269. Ballia, which elected Chandra Shekhar (and now his
son), ranks 388 and Chaudhary Charan Singh's Baghpat is
362.
Amethi which has elected members of the Gandhi family-
Sanjay Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi (twice), Sonia Gandhi and
now Rahul Gandhi-five times out of 10 polls.
It ranks 484 on the socio-economic index and 475 on the
infrastructure ranking.
Nehru-Gandhi home turf of Amethi, presently represented
by Rahul Gandhi ranks at 484 while Rae Bareily
constituency is at 507 rank in terms of socio-economic
index.
The survey report concludes, “unless public
representatives realise that the huge monster called
government is made to deliver, they will be haunted by
anti-incumbency and their voters by poor governance.
These ratings simply reflect the distance between the
need of the voting class and a slothful system”.
or past few years, the Central and State government have
laying huge thrust on attracting investment in Jammu and FKashmir. This included a multi-pronged strategy mainly
focusing on positive images building, allaying fears of militancy,
creating industry infrastructure and easing the land acquisition
norms. However, nothing seems to have worked well as investors
are not keen. Many have run away after swindling huge subsidies
and concessions while others are not enthusiastic in making
investments. In the recent 'State of States' survey report of thIndia Today, Jammu and Kashmir has emerged at poor 16 rank.
While there is no remarkable achievement on any parameter of
growth, Jammu and Kashmir appears to have suffered a massive
damage to its projected investment friendly environment.
Among 20 big states in country Jammu and Kashmir ranks at 16 in
attracting investors. What is more worrying is the fact that this
ranking has been on a constant decline for last four years.
At least two Chief Ministers –Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and his
successor Ghulam Nabi Azad –always claimed that they
mobilized huge investment for the state. However, a credible
survey points to the contrary. The survey says that Jammu and
Kashmir ranked at number nine in terms of its investment
friendly environment in 2004 which declined to number 10 in
2005, number 12 in 2006, number 14 in 2007 and number 16 in
2008. This clearly points out that India's industry barons are
least interested in investing in Jammu and Kashmir.
This had already been pointed by Prime Minister's Task Force on
Jammu and Kashmir's Economic Reconstruction which
submitted its report in December 2006. The Task Force headed
by former Reserve Bank of India Governor R Rangarajan had said
that besides unreliable security environment, the cumbersome
land acquiring process and complex taxation regime keeps the
investors away from Jammu and Kashmir.
Himachal Pradesh, though a hilly state almost like Jammu and
Kashmir, has emerged as number one state in the country in
terms of attracting investment. This first rank in attracting
investment had earlier been held by Gujarat consecutively for
last three years.
The latest “State of the States Survey” conducted by country's
leading current affairs magazine has put Jammu and Kashmir at
eleventh rank among the 20 big states of the country. Punjab
still maintains its Numero Uno position in the list while Tamil
Nadu has gone up to number two and Himachal Pradesh is at
number three. As usual Bihar is at the last rank.
India Today's annual “State of the States” survey, as it is well
known, is considered not less than the reports of Planning
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT
Loosing Ground ToNeighbouring Himachal Pradesh
Epilogue Ø 16 × October 2008
N E W S W R A P
J&K STORIES
enjoyed fourth rank in primary health sector in 2004 but declined to Commission. The survey conducted by leading Economists Bibek number but it declined to number seven in 2006 and 2007. Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari examines three categories –Big
States, Small States and Union Territories. There are 20 States in Remarkable improvement has also been noticed in primary the category of Bog States and Jammu
and Kashmir comes at eleventh rank.
Jammu and Kashmir is maintaining this
eleventh rank, well below halfway,
consecutively for last two years though
its performance has declined in many
crucial sectors of economic growth and
general environment. In the same
survey, J&K ranked at tenth place in
2005 and 2006 which declined to
eleven in 2007. Agriculture is regarded
as backbone of Jammu and Kashmir's
economy but there is no remarkable
growth in this sector. For straight
second year, the state is at 16th rank education where Jammu and Kashmir once stood at number among 20 states. Position was slightly better between 2004 and seven in 2004 and declined to eight in 2005, number 10 in 2006 2006 when state ranked at number 15. This year's survey has put and number eight in 2007. This year again state has been ranked Madhya Pradesh at number one and Punjab at number two. The at number eight. There is also a decline for the worst in law and worst performing state in Agriculture sector is Gujarat. order sector. In this sector, the state has registered a decline of
The primary health sector, however, appears to be only hope for one rank from 15 to 16. Between 2004 and 2004, J&K ranked
image of Jammu and Kashmir. The state has ranked at number four continuously at number 17 when it improved to 15 in 2007. This
among 20 states while Tamil Nadu is the best and Bihar still remains year there is a decline by one point.
the worst. It may be mentioned here that Jammu and Kashmir
n a major boost to state's economy and industrial growth, Kashmir Valley has got its first steel plant. Union Steel Minister Ram Vilas Paswan on September 22 laid the foundation of the first steel-processing plant in the industry-starved Kashmir Valley Iwhich will give employment to around 4,500 people. The plant in Lassipora industrial growth centre in south Kashmir Pulwama
district will have an annual capacity of 160,000 tonnes and will become operational in 2010. Paswan said the capacity of the steel-processing plant would be expanded after it becomes operational in January 2010.Complimenting the central government and the union steel ministry for setting up the unit in the valley, Governor N.N. Vohra said the plant would help to meet the steel demand of the valley besides assuring employment to a good number of people.Paswan announced that the initial cost of Rs.900 million of the upcoming unit would be enhanced to Rs.1.5 billion to ensure full-fledged facilities in the unit.Earlier on September 8, the government's Apex Clearance Committee (APCC) for industrial investments cleared 23 industrial projects in medium and large sectors with an estimated investment of Rs One Billion which also included the Lassipora steel plant. Among others Shri Cements projects was also approved with an investment of Rs 164 crore. The project will have a potential for creation of many ancillary units.The other projects cleared are for manufacturing of high precision auto components, terri-towels, cement, hi-tech batteries, LT/HT wire cables, steel products, paints, DG sheets, electric motors and steel pipes etc. The total investment to be mobilized on setting up of the 23 projects cleared by the committee will be to the tune of Rs 1002 crore and direct employment to be created in these units will be about 5500 persons.The Chief Secretary directed for proper zoning of new industrial estates keeping in view various industrial activities, pollution norms and other related factors so that requisite pollution control measures like setting up of Common Effluent Treatment Plants could be designed and set up in the states.
BUSINESS & ECONOMY
State Gets Steel Plant, Rs One Billion More Investment On The Way
Jammu & Kashmir 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
"! Overall Ranking 11 11 11 10 10
"! Agriculture 16 16 15 15 15
# Primary Health 04 07 07 05 04
$ Investment Environment 16 14 12 10 09
"! Primary Education 08 08 10 08 07
# Infrastructure 10 11 11 08 10
# Macro Economy 06 07 06 07 07
"! Consumer Markets 08 08 08 08 07
$ Law & Order 16 15 17 17 12
Excerpted from India Today Survey
Epilogue Ø 17 × October 2008
Zafar Choudhary
Beginning Of A New Chapter
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
Almost all arrangements for trade on 63 per cent of the divided families on here was an overwhelming both routes have been put in place. On both sides of Jammu and Kashmir. response in Jammu and September 6, a team of Union Ministries Traders in Poonch and its adjoining Kashmir on September 25, T of Finance, External Affairs and Home district of Rajouri are grasping for a barring few voices of obvious along with top officers of J&K minimum knowledge about their stake reservation, when Prime Minister Dr government visited the LoC crossing in the whole affair. Manmohan Singh and President Zardari point at Kaman and custom station at made announcement of trans-LoC trade Salamabad in Uri district to review from New York where both leaders were Trade between two divided parts of
rd preparations. Work on roads, buildings visiting to attend 63 United Nations Jammu and Kashmir has a different and other infrastructure facility was by General Assembly session. Congress, meaning for different people. For that time 95 per cent complete. Peoples Democratic Party, National peaceniks it is an initiative which However, there is slow pace of work and Conference, CPI(M) and a wide enhances the people-to-people lesser enthusiasm on the Poonch-majority of separatists welcomed the contacts between both sides, brings Rawalakote trade link. Neither full move and most of them described this down the walls of mistrust, ensures a facilities have come up there nor is as realization of urges and aspirations greater level of cooperation and there much awareness about what is of the people of Kashmir. Hardliner eventually strengthens the urge for going to happen. Since the Srinagar-Syed Ali Shah Geelani's was the lone peace. For traders, particularly on this Muzaffarabad link earns a lot of voice to underplay the move. side of divide, it is a biggest opportunity publicity and the Valley being major “Opening for trade the routes which of economic growth and reaching to the producer of commodities to be traded, already have restricted movement for international markets. For Kashmiri's it the level of involvement in Kashmir is people is a non-issue for us…we are is an end to the perceived psychological far higher than anywhere else in the fighting for a larger cause”, said suffocation as for them Jawahar tunnel state. Poonch does not have any well Geelani. In Jammu, the BJP saw trade has been only opening to the world since organized trade lobby and the Chamber agreement as an act of treason. “1994 division of state. In a larger perspective of Commerce and Industry in Jammu as Parliament resolution holds Pakistan the trans-LoC trade eventually emerges well as their Srinagar counterparts are occupied Kashmir as a part of as a move of economic integration not seen taking any interest in Poonch-India…this agreement (on trans-LoC between India and Pakistan with Jammu Rawalakote route. However, it is trade) amounts to giving up claim on and Kashmir as a bridge. Being a interesting to note that this route, our territory and accepting LoC as traditional bone of contention between which was opened to passengers in International Border”, said BJP's two nuclear armed neighours, Kashmir 2006, is easiest and closet link between Jammu unit president Ashok Khajuria. becoming a bridge of cooperation can
More than 61 years since the last truck load of goods moved on either side of Kashmir Valley's main trade
highway to the world, a new is era to set to begin in 2008 –an historical epoch indeed. Nearly three weeks after
Pakistan's new President Asif Ali Zardari promised India some good news (immediately after his swearing in), the
trans-LoC trade between two parts of Jammu and Kashmir has been agreed upon. Trucks will roll down on 130
kilometer long Srinagar-Muzaffarabad road on October 21 and on 47 kilometer long Poonch-Rawalakote road on
October 28. Seen in the context of Indo-Pak peace process, the trans-LoC trade can well be described as the
Biggest Confidence Building Measure so far.
Epilogue Ø 18 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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ultimately pay way
for resolution of issue
wh i ch ha s been
hanging fire for 60
years.
Huge potential
The initial list of
commodities to be
exchanged between
both parts of Jammu
and Kashmir appears
more symbolic in
nature but in next
couple of years these
trade links are set to
change economic
profile of the region.
K a s h m i r ' s a p p l e
industry alone is
worth Rs 2500 Crores
and with a little boost
it can touch Rs 5000
Crore mark in next
few years. “Right now
our apples are worth
Rs 2500 Crore but if
proper technology is
a pp l i ed we c an
produce five times
higher than this
figure –Rs 12500
Crores in next few
years”, says Shakeel
Qalander, President
Federation Chamber
o f I n d u s t r i e s ,
Kashmir. “It is all
a b o u t e f f i c i e n t
logistics”, says Dr
Mubeen Shah, the
President of Kashmir
C h a m b e r o f
C o m m e r c e a n d
Industry. With the
Interview Mubeen Shah, President, Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industries
It’s Beyond CBM. Kashmir Always Needed An Alternate Trade Route
ver since the talk of trans-LoC trade began few years back this has been described as mother of all Confidence Buildings Measures. Now trucks are all set to move across LoC. How do you look at the situation? E
Trans-LoC trade was most important thing to happen to Kashmir and we are happy that this has been agreed upon. But I don't think this need to be linked with the Confidence Building Measures. Now this is a reality and necessity and not just symbolism that we should have trade relations with Pakistan administered Kashmir and beyond.
Could you please explain this?
See there are two major factors for which Kashmir should have trade ties with Pakistan administered Kashmir. One is natural and permanent and other is recent creation of communal forces. Kashmir has only surface link with world (Jammu-Srinagar National Highway) which is not fully dependable due to weather vagaries. The highway remains closed for weeks together due to snowfall and landslides resulting into severe shortage of commodities in the Valley, particularly during winter months and rainy season. Therefore, an alternate trade route is the necessity to maintain the basic minimum supply lines.
Another reason for alternate trade route, preferably linking Pakistan administered Kashmir was felt strongly when some communal forces in
Jammu forced economic blockade of Valley to the extent that we even ran short of baby milk powders and life saving drugs. After having faced such hostility now we can't depend on the traditional trade route. You never know how many times they force economic blockade of Kashmir.
But these charges of economic blockade have been severely denied in Jammu. Moreover during agitations, shutdowns and curfews supplies normally get affected.
If there was no economic blockade we were not the fools to lead a march to Muzaffarabad. Our fruits and farm produce worth crores of rupees were allowed to rot in the mandis. People in several areas did not have anything to eat for several days. For weeks Valley ran empty of even most basic and essential commodities. Life saving drugs had to be procured directly from New Delhi by air as truckers were being attacked on the National Highway. Come here and meet the truckers who survived lethal attacks of communal hooligans. If there was no economic blockade then why the government had to hand over the National Highway to Army to make some movement of trucks to Kashmir. We have been deeply hurt particularly by the action of those people who had business dealing with us.
Now since the situation in Jammu has ebbed, is there full resumption of economic
Epilogue Ø 19 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
supplies and also the restoration of hopes and expectations that Epilogue permanent structures. How do you
business dealings with traders in does justice to the issue. explain this? The then Chief Executive
Jammu? Officer of the Shrine Board is on record
having said that a dam will be First of all the resistance to the land constructed and exclusively owned by No. We are no more interested in allotment was on the basis of the Board for power generation. Don't d e a l i n g w i t h J a m m u b a s e d ecological dangers. The land around you see this tendency of creating a traders…they have betrayed our trust. Amarnath shrine is home to glaciers. “State within State”. Just imagine In fact we have decided to resume the Increased human activity there would what happens when they talk of taking trade patterns of pre-1990s. have a direct bearing on our two rivers over our tourist spots of Pahalgam and –Jehlum and Lidder. Long term Gulmarg. We protested against these dangerous effects are not only in What is this pre-1990 trade pattern? basis biases but were unfortunately Kashmir but across the country as the labeled as communalists and rivers are sustained by glaciers. We
Before eruption of disturbance in secessionists. had opposed construction of structures Kashmir in 1990 we had direct trade which was given a communal rebuttal ties with producers, suppliers and by the Shrine Board authorities. Well let's come back to the trans-LoC wholesalers in different parts of
trade. What is the quantum of trade country, particularly Amritsar, you see happening between both Second most important aspect is of Ludhiana and New Delhi. They had parts of Kashmir. Who gets the economy. You have two shrine boards in their C&F (Clearance and Forwarding) maximum benefit –this Kashmir or Jammu and Kashmir –Mata Vaishno Devi offices in Srinagar which were shut that? Shrine Board and Shri Amarnath Shrine down by the onset of disturbance. We
Board –both headed by the Governor. have requested them to revive that system. Meanwhile, we have started The management of Shrine Boards has As I already said this is not going to be a
procurements from different parts of different yard sticks for both symbolic trade. We are gearing up for country bypassing Jammu. This has pilgrimages. There are three essential business in real terms. The quantum of been made clear to the traders in facilities required to be offered to the trade as it appears on the list is not Jammu. And I must make this clear pilgrims –food, accommodation and much but this has to go up with the here that this is not an individual transport. In case of the Vaishno Devi passage of time. decision. This is a decision of the pilgrimage (in Jammu) the Shrine Board people of entire Kashmir Valley who has left it to the local businessmen to This side of Kashmir stands to benefit have refused to pick up commodities offer all these three facilities to the most from the trans-LoC trade for very supplied from Jammu. pilgrims. However, in case of Amarnath simple reasons of efficient logistics.
pilgrimage (in Kashmir) the Shrine Board Besides handicrafts, what we sell most wants to handle everything itself. Why you people protested allotment is fruits and vegetables which are Protesters in Jammu demanded full of land to Amarnath shrine? Afterall perishable goods. It takes 36 hours for management of Amarnath pilgrimage by that was a turning point in widening our trucks to reach New Delhi while the Shrine Board (which has always been of gulf between Kashmir and Jammu. Islamabad is just 8 hours away. Once an exclusive affair of Board) but why we are in Islamabad, our good are in don't they ask the same thing for Vaishno the international market. We have I am sorry to say but the media has a Devi pilgrimage? Is this something media s i g n e d a m e m o r a n d u m o f poor knowledge of this whole issue. All can't understand? understanding with the traders in newspapers and channels have sought
Dubai and they will get in touch with to link the controversy on several Look at the blatant discrimination the Pakistan Foreign Ministry for patterns ranging from secessionism to unleashed by the Shrine Board. In procuring goods from Islamabad. Other communalism. You people speak to Pahalgam our hotels can offer a side of Kashmir too enjoy benefits of separatist and mainstream leaders and monthly occupancy of 250,000 beds economic spin offs. Our apple produce the religious extremist. And the but the Shrine Board does not allow alone is worth Rs 2500 Crores. Just see politicians base their opinions on your pilgrims to stay in hotels. They create if this traded through Muzaffarabad reportage which lack depth. Why no separate camps for them and then commissions can make a huge one has bothered to address the issue demand land allotment for creating difference. of ecology and economy. I have high
Epilogue Ø 20 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
government's finance wizards both in plenty. “Though fruit is also produced in opening of Jehlum Valley road, New Delhi and Islamabad to give a slow Jammu region, particularly Bhaderwah transportation cost and time, start to the process so that the whole but this is nothing to be called as particularly for perishable commodities gamut could be understood. Pakistan trade…this is mere symbolic”, says will be reduced drastically. Normally a administered Kashmir traders are Sahai. “We have forwarded a list of 20 truck takes 36 to 40 hours from Srinagar reportedly less enthusiastic in the LoC items to the Government and would to markets in New Delhi and much trade as they expect a clear dominance push for their inclusion”, he says. A longer to other markets. Islamabad is of their Indian counterparts in the delegation of Pakistan administered just 6 to 8 hours away from Kashmir coming years. “they don't have much to Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and besides this road being all weather and sell here which is why they have been Industry is likely to arrive in J&K by dependable. The Kashmiri traders dragging feet for last two years”, says middle of October when both sides sit besides saving on transportation are Ram Sahai, the President of Jammu down to work out the modalities. looking at wider international markets Chamber of Commerce and Industry beyond Muzaffarabad and Islamabad. commenting on delay in arrival of a “We have spoken to people in Dubai and Trust deficit delegation of Muzaffarabad Chamber of other countries to trade with us via Commerce and Industry. Pakistan”, says Shah. There is indeed a quite unpleasant
scenario prevailing in Jammu and The trade and commerce bodies in Estimates suggest that in next few Kashmir. Trade between two parts of Jammu are not too overwhelmed. In the years, the trans-LoC trade could touch Kashmir is being initiated at a time initial list of commodities to be anything upwards One Billion US when the Kashmiri traders are snapping exchanged, Basmati rice and Rajmash Dollars. It is the enormously high the i r t ie s w i th the i r Jammu are the only items Jammu produces in counterparts. Ever since the trans-LoC potential of trade which has made
‘MARCH TO MUZAFFARABAD’ :Jehlum Valley Road, August 11
Epilogue Ø 21 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
trade was first agreed upon 'in did not wish to be named. The highest so far. Many in Jammu
principle' between New Delhi Kashmiri traders however say and elsewhere in the country are
and Islamabad in May 2006, the that they have already started describing initiation of LoC trade
trade and commerce lobbies dealing directly with the traders “at this stage” as succumbing
both in Kashmir and Jammu had in other trade centers of country before the separatist pressure
been working in tandem to see with a view to bypass Jammu. even though it has been a part of
this happening. Now when the Trade and industry in Jammu composite dialogue.
trans-LoC trade has become stands almost isolated at Alleging blockage of economic reality, the Kashmiri and Jammu present. The trans-LoC trade was supplies from Jammu during the based traders are not seeing supposed to building trust on Amarnath land row, the Kashmiri each other eye to eye. Kashmiri both sides of Line of Control but separatists announced a march traders accuse their Jammu this is being initiated when there to Muzaffarabad with trucks counterparts of siding up with is huge trust deficit within the loaded with fruits. Home the alleged communal forces in state. Minister Shivraj Patil was on a past two months to force, what two-day J&K visit as head of a they say, 'economic blockade' of central delegation. At a Srinagar Double whammy the Valley. “We have lost trust in Press Conference on August 11, Jammu traders and would never Patil said, “I appeal these people For the Congress led United like to deal with them again”, not to make any such move which P r o g r e s s i v e A l l i a n c e says Mubeen Shah. His Jammu puts them (Kashmiri traders) and government, the initiation of counterpart Ram Sahai refutes us in a difficult situation”. Patil Cross-LoC trade is though a the allegations. Sahai, who was went on say, “I appeal them from major brownie point in its part of the Shri Amarnath Yatra here, please put off your peacemaking record, at the Sangharsh Samiti, spearheading proposal (of Muzaffarabad same time it could be a most two-month long agitation on march) as we are sincere about difficult situation of the recent Amarnath land row, says, “there opening the LoC route for times. The trans-LoC trade has was never any organized trade…wait for October…this will its own political advantages and blockade”. Describing allegations be open”. Patil's response to the disadvantages. If the political as far from truth, he says, “Muzaffarabad call” was perhaps atmosphere continues like it is “disruption of supplies is natural enough to make a Confidence prevailing now, the political during shut downs and curfews”. Building Measure look like disadvantages may far outweigh
surrender. the advantages. It was the UPA Jammu and Kashmir has an Government under Pr ime annual trade volume of around Rs Patil's appeal notwithstanding on Minister Manmohan Singh which 52,000 Crores and out this August 11, lakhs of people from won hearts of lakhs of people by around Rs 30,000 Crore exchange different parts of Valley trooped initiating two trans-LoC bus is between Kashmir and Jammu. to the Line of Control along services for divided families –one If the ongoing boycott by Jehlum Valley road in their in 2005 and other in 2006. That Kashmiri traders continue, symbolic march to Muzaffarabad. was internationally billed as Jammu's trade economy is likely Security forces used force to mother of all Confidence to suffer a loss of something thwart the attempt and 18 were Building Measures and Pakistan's between Rs 12,000 and Rs 15,000 killed in two days. Since then then President Musharraf too Crores. “This is temporary and people in Kashmir Valley have earned huge accolades. This under pressure from separatists, been in toes fighting pitched time the same route is being we are sure Kashmiri traders will battles with the forces. More than thrown open for trade when resume ties with us”, said a trade 40 have been killed in firing of separatist sentiment in Kashmir representative in Jammu who security forces since August 11. Valley is at its highest –perhaps
Carpets, Rugs,
Papier Mache,
Embroidery,
Shawls and
Tapestry,
Cricket Bats,
Furniture, Silk
& Products,
Fresh Fruits,
Dry Fruits,
Kashmiri
Spacies,
Kashmir
Saffron,
Kashmir
Wazwan,
Aromatic &
Medical Plants,
Coriander,
Mong Dal,
Rice, Basmati
Rice, Rajmash,
Black
Mushroom and
Green Tea.
Spices, Apples,
Walnuts, Rice,
Precious Stones,
Papier Mache,
Powder, Gabbas
& Namdas,
Furniture,
Marble, Onion,
Garlic,
Medicinal Herbs,
Embroidered
Items, Pine Nuts
and Carpets
Exports
Imports
What Is on Menu
Epilogue Ø 22 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
Interview Ram Sahai, President, Jammu Chamber of Commerce and Industries
‘Let It Be Appeasement, Eventually It Is Going To Be Pure Business’
or a couple of years you have what does Jammu gain out of it. Jammu region. What prospects do you
been a part of discussions see for this route? I told you the present list is more and consultations on the symbolic in nature but eventually it has Fprocess as one of most vocal to expand. We believe that the list is Not quite bright. We are making a
votary of the trade. How do you look being revised to accommodate apple strong case for opening of three other at the scenario when prospects of which was not on the original menu and routes –from Nowshera, Pallanwalla and trans-LoC trade between two parts of taking advantage of this revision we Suchetgarh. On Sialkote-Suchetgarh Jammu and Kashmir are appearing have made a strong case of inclusion of r oad –wh i ch w i l l r un ac ro s s more practical than ever? some more items which will make International Border in Jammu region Jammu region an equal partner in trans- –we have support of top trade and
LoC trade. Well, in backdrop of recent tension industry lobbies of the country
between Kashmir and Jammu, I don't including FICCI and ASSOCHAM. Once
want to comment much except that the there routes are opened, the Poonch-So what are those items? trans-LoC trade is good happening but it Rawalakote route would have hardly is being projected in a wrong manner. any utility for trade. We have asked for inclusion of
pharmaceuticals, aluminium cables, Wr on g m an n er ? You m ean It is nice that trade links are being copper cables, welding electrodes, TMT appeasement to separatists following established across Line of Control but steel, paints and varnishes, plastic their march to Muzaffarabad? within state gulf is seen widening. goods, corrugated packaging, sanitary
Kashmir based traders are snapping wares, coir and spring mattresses and ties with Jammu on the allegations pipe fittings etc. Jammu has huge Let it be appeasement but eventually it that economic blockade of Valley was potential of all these products and any is going to be trade to the common forced during Amarnath land row. good number of items agreed from this benefit of all stakeholders on both sides
list can change destiny of the region. of Line of Control. Nine to ten of the top pharmaceutical First of all I would like to clarify that companies of India are based in Jammu. there was no economic blockage at all. How do you look at the list of items Other products named above are of There may have been some disruptions agreed upon for trade? Does this really international quality and offered at but that is normal when normal activity make a business sense? highly competitive prices. Most of these of life is concerned. As far as widening items in the Pakistan administered gulf and snapping of trade ties between
The initial list which we are seeing now Kashmir are of Chinese origin and reach Kashmir and Jammu is concerned, this
does not hold much promise but there at a high cost. Trade in these problem is momentary and will settle
eventually it has to expand to make commodities will help both regions down soon. Kashmir and Jammu are
trade more practical. immensely. interdependent and inseparable parts
of the state as whole and they have to Most of the items on trade list have
live with and deal with each other. It is Poonch-Rawalakote road is also being their Kashmir specific origin –like
unfortunate that the politicians are not thrown open for trade along with fruits, dry fruits, handicrafts etc.
playing a role of cementing ties. Srinagar-Muzaffarabad. Poonch falls in
verifiably prevented. he President of Pakistan and Severe actions would Prime Minister of India met be taken against any during the 63rd UNGA session T element directing or in New York. Prime Minister involved in terrorist Singh congratulated President Zardari acts. on his election as the victory of
democracy in Pakistan.
Pres ident Zardar i
reassured PM Singh He expressed the hope that this would that government of pave the way for a profound Pakistan stand by its transformation of the bilateral c o m m i t m e n t o f relationship so that India and Pakistan January 6, 2004. Both could work together on their shared leaders agreed that the objectives of peace, prosperity and
Indian Embassy in Kabul. forces that have tried to derail the security. peace process must be defeated.
The expansion of people-to-people Both leaders welcomed the several
contact, trade, commerce and This would allow the continuation and positive outcomes of the four rounds economic cooperation provides an deepening of a constructive dialogues of the Composite Dialogues which effective platform to develop and for the peaceful resolution and have brought their people and strengthen bilateral relations. satisfactory settlement of all bilateral businesses and institutions closer
issues including Jammu and Kashmir. while permitting sustained efforts to Towards this end, it was decided to: be made to resolve all outstanding
Open the Wagah-Attari road link issues: these gains need to be The Foreign Secretaries of both to all permissible items of trade. consolidated. countries will schedule meetings of
Open the Khokrapar-Munnabao the 5th round of 'Composite Dialogue' rail routes to all permissible items of in the next three months which will They agreed to work for an early and trade. f o c u s o n d e l i v e r a b l e a n d full normalisation of relations
comprehensive achievements. Continue interaction between the between India and Pakistan, on the planning commission of both the basis of mutual respect, peaceful co-countries to develop mutually existence and non-interference. Both The cease-fire should be stabilised to beneficial cooperation including the leaders acknowledged that the peace this end, DGMOs and sector energy sector. process has been under strain in commanders will stay in regular
recent months. Commence cross LoC trade on the contacts. Srinagar-Muzaffarabad and Poonch-
Rawalakot roads on October 21, 2008. They agreed that violence, hostility A special meeting of the Joint Anti-Modalities for the opening of the and terrorism have no place in the Terror Mechanism will be held in
Skardu-Kargil route will be discussed vision they share of the bilateral October, 2008 to address mutual soon. relationship and must be visibly and concerns including the bombing of the
New York, September 25, 2008
Indo-Pak Joint Statement
D O C U M E N T
LOC TRADE
Epilogue Ø 23 × October 2008
Epilogue Ø 24 × October 2008
P.R. Chari & Hasan Askari Rizvi
Making Borders Irrelevant
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
either India nor Pakistan has been able to impose its preferred solution on the long-standing Kashmir conflict and both sides have gradually shown more flexibility in Ntheir traditional positions on Kashmir, without officially
abandoning them. This development has encouraged the consideration of new, creative approaches to the management of the conflict.
The approach holding the most promise is a pragmatic one that would “make borders irrelevant”—softening borders to allow movement of people, goods and services instead of redefining or removing them. The governments of India and Pakistan have both repeatedly endorsed the concept, but steps to implement it have been limited.
Myriad suggestions for putting this new mantra into practice have been made, from establishing more bus services to increasing trade and tourism across the Line of Control (LOC).While some of these suggestions still await official consideration, others are being examined, and some have already been implemented.
Liberalization of the travel regime would be a major step toward enabling the two parts of Kashmir to develop a multifaceted and normal relationship. Such liberalization requires overcoming a mixture of political, bureaucratic, and regulatory challenges.
A survey of opinion on both sides of the LOC reveals that the public mood in both countries favors peace, stability and a softening of the LOC. The international climate is also propitious for confidence-building measures.
It remains to be seen, however, if New Delhi and Islamabad can muster the political will necessary to overcome the resistance of key stakeholders within both countries bureaucracies and militaries.
This report commissioned by USIP, analyzes the possibilities and practicalities of managing the Kashmir conflict by “making borders irrelevant” —softening the Line of Control to allow the easy movement of people, goods, and services across it. The report draws on the results of a survey of stakeholders and public opinion on both sides of the Line of Control. The results of that survey, together with an initial draft of this report, were shown to a group of opinion makers in both countries (ff bureaucrats and diplomats, members of the armed forces, academics, and members of the media), whose comments were valuable in refining the report's conclusions. P. R. Chari is a research professor at the Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies in New Delhi and former member of the Indian Administrative Service. Hasan Askari Rizvi is an independent political and defense consultant in Pakistan and is currently a visiting professor with the South Asia Program of the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. This report was commissioned by the Center for Conflict Mediation and Resolution at the United States Institute of Peace. The Center supports a variety of projects that explore the potential of cross-border collaboration especially economic and business-based cooperation to resolve the protracted conflict between India and Pakistan.
Summary
Epilogue Ø 25 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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aspirations of the Kashmiris were Kashmir, without officially abandoning Minds Set in Concretelargely ignored, but there is now a them. Subtle changes in their positions
growing appreciation of the fact that have stimulated creative ideas for The strategic compulsions on the
any solution to the Kashmir dispute managing the conflict. Several Kashmir issue that are currently
must be acceptable to the local people. developments have contributed to this impelling the ruling elites in India and
An additional complexity in J&K is the attitudinal shift, among them the end of Pakistan have encrusted over its sixty-
conviction among many people in two the Cold War, the disintegration of the one-year history and are now deeply
sub-regions of the state Jammu and Sovietembedded in their psyches. In India, the
Ladakh—that the agenda for the peace ruling elite is adamant that the princely
process has been hijacked by the Union and the current resurgence of state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Muslims in the Russia, the rise of China and its support having acceded to India in October
for the peace process between India 1947,has become an inalienable part of Kashmir Valley. Consequently, the and Pak i s tan , the sp read o f Indian territory and that Pakistan must Kashmir dispute becomes tri-cornered globalization and its implications for vacate the territory it illegally at two levels: India, Pakistan and international security, internal occupies. Hence, the only dialogue Kashmiris on both sides of the LOC at economic pressures, the nuclear tests India needs to hold with Pakistan is a one level and the Valley, Jammu and conducted by India and Pakistan in May discussion about the return of occupied Ladakh at another level. The 1998 that consolidated a nuclear territory. Further, India refuses to multifaceted nature of this conflict has deterrent relationship, and the U.S. accept any form of third-party complicated the quest to resolve it, global response to the attacks of intervention to resolve the Kashmir requiring management of the regional, September 11, 2001.dispute. India argues that the UN ethnic and religious diversities both arts resolutions on Kashmir passed in 1948 f Kashmir. The last two of these developments and 1949 envisaging the holding of a
have led India and Pakistan to realize plebiscite in J&K have become obsolete
Despite their repeated assertions of that a military victory over the other is with the passage of time, and that
these con f l i c t ing c la ims and not possible. The acquisition of nuclear several elections held in J&K over the
counterclaims, India and Pakistan have weapons has highlighted the grave risks past six decades make it clear that the
been unable to extend their respective of trying to alter the status quo by local population accepts the Indian
claims across the LOC. Neither direct military means, as illustrated during the government and has no desire to join
military action nor covert operations Kargil conflict of 1999 and the 2001-02 Pakistan.
nor support for dissident movements border confrontation. During the Kargil
has thus far succeeded. Each country, conflict neither country could extend Pakistan rejects the Indian argument however, has invested too heavily in the its theater of operations because of that the UN resolutions have become struggle to accept the loss of its part of fears that the conflict might become redundant. Indeed, Pakistan's position Kashmir, and both countries reject the nuclearized. For similar reasons, India on Kashmir has always been based on idea of Kashmir becoming an was deterred from attacking Pakistan the strict implementation of the UN independent state. during the border confrontation in resolutions that call for holding a
2001-02. Pakistan has also realized the plebiscite in J&K to determine whether dangerous implications of supporting its people wish to join India or Pakistan. Changing attitudesmilitancy; it was Pakistani-backed
militants who attacked the Indian Forgotten in this standoff are the The Kashmir dispute has reached an
Parliament on December 13, 2001, Kashmiris living in J&K and Azad Jammu impasse. Unable to impose their
triggering the border confrontation. and Kashmir (AJK, the political entity on preferred solution, both India and
Pakistan's readiness to support the Pakistani side of the LOC).In the Pakistan have become flexible
militancy has also diminished since past, the Kashmir dispute was viewed in regarding their traditional positions on
Pakistan itself has become the target of purely bilateral terms and the
Epilogue Ø 26 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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Islamic jihadists and has experienced Kashmir belongs to India and has shown people living along the border. The
terrorist attacks throughout the signs of departing from its stated policy resulting peace process, though slow,
country. of negotiating with Pakistan only after has made steady progress, with
cross-border terrorism ceases. Further, significant improvements occurring in
India's long-standing policy of shunning cross-border communications and the The U.S. global war on terrorism has international mediation and insisting on movement of people and goods. also increased the cost for Pakistan of strict bilateralism in its dealings with indulging in provocative behavior. The Pakistan has been diluted considerably. terrorist attacks in New York and A flexible impasseOn Pakistan's part, former President Washington, D.C., on September 11, Pervez Musharraf abandoned his 2001, created a global consensus for
The peace process and changing country's traditional position of insisting controlling transnational terrorism,
attitudes have produced greater on implementing the UN resolutions on especially Islamic militants and jihadi
transparency in negotiations for a Kashmir. The new government in groups. Pakistan has since found it
solution to the Kashmir problem. There Pakistan has declared that it wishes to difficult to support the jihadi Islamic
is a new realization that peace and take the peace process forward. groups in J&K. Furthermore, the
stability are essential for both countries Indeed, Asif Zardari, cochairman of the passage of a 2007 law in the United
to attain their full political and States has linked American military and
economic stature and that, conversely, economic assistance to Pakistan to its
tensions and instabilities will retard performance in stopping cross-border
their growth, resulting in their internal terrorism. The United States has now
security situation deteriorating and established a physical presence in
spilling cross orders. Pakistan to pursue its “war on terror” in
Afghanistan, which inhibits hostilities Both countries agree that independence
being initiated by either India or for Kashmir is not an acceptable option,
Pakistan. Any attempt by either country although they also agree that the
to improve its ground situation in Kashmiris should be included within the Pakistan People's Party, even suggested Kashmir would be frowned upon by the peace process and assured a measure of freezing the Kashmir issue, although he international community and might self-rule within the present borders of later had to backtrack n hat proposal. prompt economic repercussions, as the two countries, and that these
occurred during the 2001 –02 border borders should be made more This transformation in India-Pakistan confrontation crisis when “travel permeable. Appreciation has grown of relations can be traced back to Prime advisories ” were issued by the United the role that multiple dialogues can Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's States and several other developed play in animating the peace process and statement in the symbolically countries, is couraging heir citizens of the need to reach an agreement on significant venue of Srinagar the from visiting India. the Kashmir dispute that is acceptable summer capital of J&K —on April 18, to India, Pakistan, and the Kashmiris. 2003, extending a “hand of friendship” Given that a major conventional These negotiations must address the to Pakistan. A cease-fire along the LOC conflict is dangerous, a nuclear conflict differences between New Delhi and was suggested by Pakistan's Prime is unthinkable, and any forcible Islamabad, New Delhi and Srinagar, Minister, Zafarullah Khan Jamali, in alteration of status quo would be Islamabad and Muzaffarabad (the November 2003. India accepted his unacceptable to the international capital of AJK) and finally, Srinagar and offer and suggested its extension to community, both India and Pakistan Muzaffarabad. Both India and Pakistan Siachen, an undemorcated region north have realized that they have no have a greater sympathy now toward of but adjacent to the LOC. On alternative but to enter into a peace the human dimensions of the issue. A November 26, the cease-fire went into process. India has discarded its new recognition has also accrued about effect, greatly improving the safety of traditional stand that the whole of permitting freer movement of people
Both countries agree that independence for Kashmir is not an acceptable option, although they also agree that the Kashmiris should be included within the peace process.
Epilogue Ø 27 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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across the LOC, including members of public's level of enthusiasm for visiting process would diminish if Kashmir
the media and political leaders from the other country. Tourist traffic, as dropped off the national security
both sides. well as other kinds of traffic, across the agenda. In addition, large sections of
border is growing rapidly and would the strategic elite (mm of serving and
dramatically increase if the visa regime retired civilian and military officials, As part of this study, a survey was was made less restrictive and travel intelligence officers, concerned media conducted on both sides of the LOC to schedules were made less onerous. persons, academics, and politicians elicit the opinions of various interested
with special interests in security groups —including businessmen, matters) argue that the time is not yet members of the media, academics, A plethora of Track-II initiatives have ripe for the peace process to proceed former government servants and the strengthened the official peace fruitfully. Their negative belief is public at large —regarding their process. Regular meetings between sustained by the parlous state of attitudes toward the peace process, officials involved in the Track-I process domestic politics in India and Pakistan, their understanding of the concept of have also created an atmosphere which constitutes the greatest “making borders irrelevant,” and their favorable to normalizing bilateral challenge to peacemaking. Any thoughts on what could be done to relations. Thanks in part to back-individual or party pleading for a advance that process. On the Indian channel diplomacy conducted by deepening of the peace process is likely side, the survey was conducted in the interlocutors designated by both to be attacked for “selling out” the summer and the fall of 2007 in twelve countries, a serious commitment to the n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t . I n I n d i a , towns in J&K, with twenty-five fundamentalist and hard-line Hindu respondents in each town being chosen groups and right-wing parties are at random from among the local o p p o s e d t o a n y p o l i t i c a l population. Budgetary and time accommodation with Pakistan and to constraints dictated a smaller sample in any flexibility in India's traditional Pakistan, where the survey was position on Kashmir.conducted in the districts of Mirpur,
Muzaffarabad and Rawalakot in AJK peace process can now be found at the
among some fifty respondents, very highest political levels in both A similar situation exists in Pakistan,
including local people, refugees (post- Pakistan and India, despite some where hard-line Islamic parties,
PP and immigrants after 1990),, r e s e r v a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e i r militant Islamic groups and major right-
members of divided families, and those bureaucracies. wing political groups are critical of the
living close to the LOC. peace process and want the government
to revert to its earlier insistence on At the same time, any resolution of the implementing the UN resolutions on Similar questions were asked on both Kashmir dispute wil l have to Kashmir.sides of the border by interviewers who acknowledge and overcome a number of
had no contact with one another. serious constraints on the peacemaking
Remarkably, the answers obtained were p r o c e s s . E a s i l y r e c o g n i z a b l e Any discussion of the options for
very similar. The most significant constituencies in India and Pakistan addressing the Kashmir dispute must
finding is that the public mood among have a vested interest in continuing the appreciate the importance Kashmiris
Kashmiris on both sides of the border Kashmir dispute, seeing dangers to their place on preserving their Kashmiri
favors peace and stability. Reflective of personal and institutional interests identity and Kashmiriyat-based culture,
a widespread fatigue with mutual should the dispute be resolved. For which is an amalgam of a distinct
tensions and persistent instabilities and instance, elements within both language (KK a secular polity, and a
of cynicism regarding officially inspired coun t r i e s ' c i v i l and m i l i t a r y cross-cultural character that includes
negative propaganda—there is a popular bureaucracies, especially within their elements of Islam, Buddhism, and
desire to normalize relations. This intelligence agencies, know that their Hinduism. Kashmiriyat has greatly
sentiment has manifested itself in the centrality in the decision-making eroded over the last three decades due
Easily recognizable constituencies in India and Pakistan have a vested interest in continuing the Kashmir dispute.
Epilogue Ø 28 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
to increased Islamic orthodoxy and manage the Kashmir conflict without the Indian Union to demand greater
militancy. The human aspects of the having to agree to a final settlement. autonomy or self-rule. Were Kashmir to
Kashmir dispute must also be factored be granted greater autonomy or self-
into devising any solution to this rule, similar demands could be voiced These steps would address the major problem. Most people in the Kashmir by other states in the Union, which concerns of the parties involved and Valley (883 percent according to the would need to be conceded on grounds would be in accordance with the basic survey conducted) support the peace of equity. The Union government has policy parameters laid down by the two process as a good beginning, but are been wary of loosening its political, countries. The Indian government has skeptical about its outcome, believing economic, and administrative control repeatedly argued that borders cannot that the peace process is meaningless if over the states and altering the balance be changed, while Pakistan refuses to it remains bilateral and excludes them. of power within India's federal accept the LOC as an international
structure, lest it release centrifugal
forces in the country.These various constraints have stymied
the adoption of a number of possible
solutions to the Kashmir dispute. The In Pakistan, any solution premised on
governments of India and Pakistan, the permanent division of Kashmir is
academics, and others interested in the anathema to the military, as well as to
welfare of the people of Kashmir have the major political parties. Therefore,
explored options ranging from total or the Pakistani government and the
partial independence to autonomy, military are unwilling to accept any border. The softening of the LOC would
referendum, partition, and even the solution that converts the LOC into an thus satisfy Indian demands that there
maintenance of the status quo. None of international border. However, be no territorial exchange and no legal
these comprehensive solutions has been conscious that neither India nor alteration of the border. Another
supported by any consensus of public Pakistan can gain control over the whole a d v a n t a g e f r o m t h e I n d i a n
opinion, which strengthens the case for of Kashmir by either war or diplomacy, government's perspective is that
reducing tensions by measures that Pakistani officials favor the idea of making the LOC irrelevant skirts the
both sides can accept measures such as making the LOC irrelevant. Incidentally, dangers of encouraging other states in
making the existing borders permeable
and irrelevant.
The potential Value of Making
Borders irrelevant
The strategy of making borders
irrelevant by “softening” borders is a
compromise between the elimination of
the LOC and its conversion into an
international border. Under this
approach, the LOC would be retained as
a dividing line but softened by allowing
the easy movement of people, goods
and services across it. Important steps
were taken by India and Pakistan in 2005
and 2006 to effect this cross-LOC
interaction, and these steps could be
expanded to enable the parties to
The LOC would be retained as a dividing line but softened by allowing the easy movement of people, goods and services across it.
TERMINAL : Central team at Kaman Post an Sept. 6
Epilogue Ø 29 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
no group in Pakistan opposed the economy and help people in the two families, who, when the border
launching in 2005 of the Muzaffarabad- parts of Kashmir to understand one remained closed, had to travel long
Srinagar bus service (discussed below), another and evolve a common position distances by circuitous routes to meet
and similar steps would be acceptable on a possible solution to the dispute. their relatives. Conversations with local
to the Pakistani government, which is The Kashmiri intelligentsia remains people suggest that divided families
already seeking to build support for a convinced, however, that neither India constitute more than 60 percent of the
“pragmatic” solution to the Kashmir nor Pakistan will ever agree to the total population in AJK. Although they
dispute. On August 15, 2007, Pakistan's unification of the state except on its do not have any influence over the
foreign minister, Khurshid Mahmood own terms (terms that the other p o l i c i e s o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e
Kasuri, said in an interview that any country will inevitably reject)and that governments, divided families do enjoy
solution to the Kashmir problem cannot the idea of making borders irrelevant is widespread support within civil society
be “ideal” for the concerned parties, thus the best available option. at regional and national levels.
but that both parties will have to make
concessions to resolve the problem. He According to the survey, most Kashmiris The strongest support for the idea of added, “Ultimately a solution to believe that “vested interests” (i.e. the soft borders is found within the business Kashmir will be one that is not the best armed forces and intell igence communities, in particular within the perceived either by a majority of organizations) oppose the idea of manufacturing, horticultural, and Indians, majority of Pakistanis or a making borders irrelevant because they tourism industries throughout Kashmir. majority of Kashmiris.” Within Kashmir The business community believes that itself, the proposal to make borders movement of goods across a divided irrelevant means different things to territory is a natural corollary to the different people. Some understand it to movement of divided families. If trans-mean that different parts of Kashmir LOC arrangements are negotiated to the will be united, other interpret it to satisfaction of the two countries and mean that they will be allowed to travel offer tangible benefits to people in both and trade freely, and still others believe parts of Kashmir, these measures will will lose their relevance and budgets if that making borders irrelevant will gain popular support. Much depends on the peace process succeeds. The Union permit greater cultural exchanges. what arrangements are negotiated and government and the J&K government
how swiftly they are implemented.are also seen as stumbling blocks, being These differences in understanding are slow to make decisions and insincere in not important to a resolution of the their commitment to the peace process. Steps toward Making Borders Kashmir problem. What is significant is A small section of the public believes irrelevantthat the proposal accommodates the that free and increased movement immense ethno-political diversity and across the LOC would generate new and
A wide range of measures have been incipient fissiparous rends within he unpredictable dynamics with the proposed to promote interactions region. The value of peace has been potential to embarrass both national across the LOC and enable the two parts underlined since the devastating governments, and might even lead to of Kashmir to develop a multifaceted earthquake of October 2005; as the development of a new Kashmiri relationship. Some of these measures Kashmiris have come to realize, if consciousness, which would be are already being implemented. Others efforts to rehabilitate and reconstruct welcome Islamabad and New Delhi. are in various stages of negotiation or the damaged areas are to proceed implementation. Still others remain smoothly, peace needs to prevail. More
Several constituencies in Kashmir have just proposals for now, being seen as generally, most Kashmiris believe that a vital interest in seeing the borders impractical or too far-reaching one or increased movement across the LOC between the two Kashmirs reopened. both governments. In essence, they all would not only bring relief to divided The most numerous of these groups are emphasize a people oriented approach families but would also revive the area's the divided families, especially poor while highlighting the need for freer
Conversations with local people suggest that divided families constitute more than 60 percent of the total population in AJK.
Epilogue Ø 30 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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issue critical to both cross-borders,
people-to-people contacts and trade
and exp lores the regu la tory,
bureaucratic and political changes that
need to be made to allow liberalization
of proceed.
People-to-People Contact
People-to-people contact can be
enhanced by facilitating cross-border
mobil ity and by creating and
strengthening civil society linkages.
Facilitating Cross-Border Mobility
Crossing points: India and Pakistan
decided to ease interaction across the
LOC after the earthquake in Kashmir on
October 8, 2005; the AJK part was hit
very hard and several districts in the
Northwest Frontier Province were also
affected. On October 29 the two
countries agreed to open five new
crossings on the LOC to expedite relief
operations and reunite divided families.
These five foot-crossings were Nauseri-
Tithwal, Chokothi-Uri,
Hajipur-Uri, Rawalakot-PP and movement of people and trade across security administration.Tattapani-MM When the first crossing both sides of Kashmir, instead of point, Rawalakot-Poonch was opened continuing the quest for an elusive on November 7 to allow the exchange of territorial solution to the Kashmir earthquake relief goods, several problem.hundred Kashmiris on the Pakistani side
surged toward the LOC in their Measures with the potential to make
eagerness, saying they wanted to go to borders irrelevant can be classified into
the other side to meet their relations, four broad categories: Each of these four categories is
although they had not completed the * Promoting people-to-people discussed below. In each case, the
necessary travel formalities and had to contact discussion covers steps already taken,
be restrained by force. steps proposed, difficulties in * Increasing trade and commerce
implementing specific measures and across the LOC Bus Services: The most significant step
possible solutions to those difficulties. * Encouraging humanitarian aid and toward increasing cross-border mobility
Thereafter, this report takes an in-development.has been the reestablishment of bus
depth look at one particular measure, * Improving governance, including services between J&K and AJK. In April liberalization of the travel regime an
The most significant step toward increasing cross-border mobility has been the reestablishment of bus services.
CHINARI MUZAFFARABAD ISLAMABAD PESHAWAR
FIRST RUN : Srinagar-Muzaffarabad bus, April 7, 2005
Epilogue Ø 31 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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2005, the Srinagar-MM road was opened established across the LOC. In its report of these new road openings are being
and the bus service along it (which had issued in January 2007, the Working negotiated by the two governments.
been suspended since 1965) restored. Group on Strengthening Relations The roads do not presently carry enough
This service was disrupted by damage to across the Line of Control (established traffic to make commercial bus services
the road caused by the October 2005 in May 2006 by New Delhi as one of five viable, but their opening would allow
earthquake, but after some months the working groups tasked with exploring people to move across the LOC by
service was restored. In January 2006 particular issues relating to J&K) private transport and might eventually
,India and Pakistan agreed to start identifies seven roads that could be generate enough traffic to permit
another bus service, linking Poonch and opened to cross-border traffic: Kargil- commercial bus services.
Rawalakot. Official Indian statistics Skardu, Jammu-Sialkot, Turtuk-
show that almost three thousand Khapulu, Chamb-Jaurian-MMirpur, Proposals to improve cross-LOC travel passengers traveled on the Srinagar-MM Gurez-AA Tithwal-Chilhan, and Jhangar have been criticized on the grounds that bus service between April 2005 and the (N Mirpur-KK 4 “Kashmir:Present the number of travelers along the end of 2006. The Poonch-Rawalakot bus Situation and Future Prospects,” the Srinagar-Muzaffarabad road has service, which started in June 2006, 2007 report by Baroness Emma dwindled considerably since it was carried fourteen hundred in the second Nicholson, the European Union' opened in April 2005. While it is true half of 2006. srapporteur on Kashmir, draws that the initial enthusiasm to use the
attention to the value of linking Ladakh road has declined, it should be noted with the Northern Areas in Pakistan, a The two bus services are very important that some travelers now prefer to take step that could erode the aspirations for conf idence-bui ld ing measures. the subsequently opened Poonch-separatism in this subregion. A more However, passengers have to go through RRawalakot road. Moreover, the radical suggestion is to open the a cumbersome procedure to get symbolic significance —indeed mystique Karakoram highway to trade and travel permission from both governments to of the Srinagar-Muzaffarabad road from the Ladakh region in J&K. Several cross the LOC, which discourages many should not be underplayed. Its opening
people from traveling. The federal
intelligence agencies need to verify visa
applications, which leads to delays.
Furthermore, only those applicants
with close relatives on the other side
are allowed to travel. There is also an
absolute prohibition on officials from
Pakistan traveling across the border into
J&K. Consequently, only a limited
number of people from both sides have
benefited from the new bus services.
Demands for simplifying the visa
procedures (for instance, by letting the
local state governments handle the
granting of visas) have not yet been
accepted by the two national
governments.
Road links: Calls have come from
several quarters for more roads to be
opened and more bus services A Kashmir passenger being received in Muzaffarabad
Epilogue Ø 32 × October 2008
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initiated the process of restoring students and faculty from universities the LOC would greatly stimulate
communications between AJK and J&K. on both sides of the LOC, as well as contact between people on both sides
It has given concrete shape to the exchanges of journalists and lawyers. of the border, allowing them to
“peace dividend,” which has influenced Other groups that could profit from exchange e-mail, post and respond to
other aspects of India-Pakistan exchanges include professional groups blogs and stay abreast of developing
relations. It has also created a concerned with public health and news stories. Internet access would also
psychological sense of space in the disaster management. allow journalists for electronic and
Valley, because travel from the Valley to print media to develop closer cross-
other parts of J&K is seriously limited by border contacts with one another. Joint University: A multicampus the unavailability of roads and adverse Television programs broadcast from one university could be established that weather conditions for much of the year side of the LOC can usually be watched straddles the LOC. Initially, two
on the other side, and some attract campuses could be situated in large audiences, reflecting the common Pilgrimage Routes: A radical suggestion Muzaffarabad and Srinagar, with other culture of the people on both sides of has been made to open the Leh-Xinjiang campuses established subsequently in the LOC.road across the LOC, which would other cities on both sides of the LOC.
provide an alternative route for the This would facilitate the exchange of
Kai lash-MM yatra (p i lgr image) Trade and Commerceundertaken by Hindus from India to
Tibet. This idea highlights the Trade between the two parts of Kashmir
possibility of cross-LOC traffic being is only a fraction of what it could be if
extended not just to major cities in both tariff and nontariff barriers were
India and Pakistan but also to removed. Currently, the bulk of trade
Afghanistan, Central Asia and Tibet between India and Pakistan trade
thereby restoring the freedom of travel occurs via third-party transfers and
that prevailed before partition and dad teachers and students. According to the smuggling, leading to corruption and existed since historical times. survey conducted for this study, the the loss of customs revenue. The
academic community strongly supports reestablishment of pre-Partition Rail links: The establishment of rail cross-border schooling and employment patterns of trade and commerce, links between Jammu and Sialkot and initiatives. especially between the two parts of between Srinagar and Muzaffarabad Telephonic Communications: The Kashmir, would greatly assist the (and from there onward to Abbotabad restoration of telephone landlines that improvement of mutual relations. It and Rawalpindi), would be welcomed by were cut in 1965 and an expansion of would also spur economic recovery from people on both sides of the LOC and give mobile telephone services across the the October earthquake, and could help a great impetus to the peace process. LOC should be considered. People in to educe militancy, which is largely
J&K are not allowed to make direct fueled unemployment.
telephone calls across the LOC—yet this Creating and Strengthening prohibition makes little sense, or alls an Horticultural products, handicraft Civil Society linkagesf course e made via mobile phones and items, and dry fruits are the goods that satellite-linked communications. The were traditionally exported from J&K to
Contacts between interest Groups: government of India is reconsidering markets in Pakistan's Punjab province.
Contacts between special interest and this ban but the Indian security forces Some newer and nontraditional items,
professional groups need to be want to maintain it, purportedly to such as cement and construction
encouraged so that Kashmiris can impede cross-border terrorism. materials, are available at cheaper
participate in the search for peace. The prices in J&K and would find a strong
W o r k i n g G r o u p R e p o r t h a s market in AJK, where reconstruction Electronic Communications: Enhanced
recommended exchanges between efforts after the 2005 earthquake are access to the Internet on both sides of
Large-sscale trade in world-famous Kashmiri products is being conducted illegally, through third-country sources and smuggling.
Epilogue Ø 33 × October 2008
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still under way. Open and free trade of goods to be traded remain to be open branches of commercial banks on
between J&K and AJK would greatly negotiated. both sides of the LOC. At present,
benefit people on both sides of the LOC, however, this idea has yet to be
especially the business and trading considered by the two governments. Border trade and inspections: The community in Pakistan border districts One way to encourage cross-border possibility of border trade being such as Sialkot and Gujrat. At present, trade and commerce would be to waive permitted at the five crossing points large-scale trade in world-famous customs duties for several years, opened for earthquake relief is worth Kashmiri products such as shawls, wood thereby creating a free trade area in exploring for the convenience of people carvings, carpets, and embroidery is Kashmir.living on both sides of the LOC. The being conducted illegally, through roads that lead to these crossing points third-country sources and smuggling. could be upgraded to permit truck River Transport: The traditional export
traffic, assuming that such traffic is route for timber from the Valley before
The respondents to our survey, while found to be commercially viable and Partition was the Jhelum River, which
strongly advocating the case for trade official fears about smuggling can be flows into Pakistan. The possibilities of
were keen to point out the comparative o v e r c o m e . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e riverine transportation should be
advantage of establishing direct trade arrangements for unloading and l ooked a t a f r e sh . C ro s s - LOC
links between J&K and Pakistan through checking goods at border posts need cooperation in this area might prove
AJK. They argue that a truck takes improvement. The possibility of productive, though the river would
about thirty-six hours to reach Delhi identified goods (i.e. goods positively need considerable de-silting before it
from Srinagar but only eight to ten hours identified by the Indian and Pakistani could once again carry Significant
to reach Islamabad and thus Islamabad governments for trade between the two Traffic.
offers a very attractive market for countries) going directly o heir ultimate
Kashmiri products. destinations, rather than navigating Tourism : A radical idea for promoting web of inhibiting regulations and tourism is to enable people to visit procedures, merits consideration. One must be careful not to exaggerate Buddhist historical and religious sites in
the prospects for cross-border trade. Ladakh, Baltistan and the Federally
Hopes of creating a substantial demand Bilateral trade promotion: The Working Administered Tribal Areas region.
for Kashmiri products will be realized Group Report recommends the
only if road communications are establishment of a Joint Consultative Humanitarian Aid & Development extended deeper into India and Machinery, comprising officials and
Pakistan. One truckload of apples from representatives of commerce and In the process of making borders the Kashmir Valley, for instance, could industry from both sides, to promote irrelevant, a variety of humanitarian flood the markets in Muzaffarabad for a bilateral trade. Baroness Nicholson's measures and steps to promote week; hence the apple trade in the report also stresses the need “to move development could prove helpful.Valley can flourish only if it is allowed to rapidly to significant volumes of official
exploit the lucrative markets located trade, apart from working out the Medical Treatment: Much goodwill farther within Pakistan. modalities of road freight,” and could be engendered, as well as much suggests the “establishment of an practical help given to people who need integrated market development plan, In March 2008, Jairam Ramesh, the it, by allowing people who live on one with several agri-processing units, cold Union minister for commerce in India, side of the LOC to receive emergency chains, small-size container services announced that cross-LOC trade would treatment in hospitals on the other and bonded trucking services” on both begin in ninety days. The issue was side. Similarly, patients with particular sides of the LOC.discussed by the foreign secretaries of ailments could also be permitted to India and Pakistan in May 2008, and a cross the LOC to visit hospitals that decision in principle was taken to Bilateral trade would also be spurred if specialize in the treatment of those proceed further; however, technical both countries could agree to establish ailments.issues regarding the kinds and amounts product-specific trading houses and to
Epilogue Ø 34 × October 2008
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Treaty is in reality a suboptimal government working parties could
arrangement, because t only partitions explore trade and tourism issues.Demining : A joint effort could be the rivers of he Indus River basin mounted to locate and remove between India and Pakistan and does landmines that have been planted on Combating terrorism: A Joint not address their joint exploitation. A both sides of the LOC over the years and Mechanism on Terrorism met for the holistic scheme for interlinking these that take a steady toll of farmers, first time in March 2007. Its Indian and rivers, developing riverine transport, herders, and livestock. Pakistani members agreed to exchange establishing joint irrigation and power- spec i f i c i n fo rmat ion to he lp generation projects, creating new investigations and prevent violence and Disaster Management: The two agricultural markets, and extending terrorism in both countries. In a Kashmirs could routinely share roads and communications could lead to meeting in June 2008, fresh information information on weather conditions, a c o m p r e h e n s i v e e c o n o m i c was shared by the two countries, and it seismic activity and flow of water in restructuring of the entire river basin. was agreed that they would “continue rivers information that could help to In the meantime, the Himalayan to work to identify counter-terrorism generate early warnings of floods and glaciers (the source for the rivers in the measures [and] assist in investigations other natural d isasters. Such Indus basin) continue to retreat, through exchange of spec i f ic cooperation could evolve into a long-underlining the fact that water information for preventing violence and term process of monitoring and
terrorist acts. Many skeptics predict an researching the retreat of glaciers, the early demise for this initiative, but at incidence of earthquakes, and other present the usefulness and longevity if environmental concerns. the joint mechanism on terrorism are
both difficult o predict. Forest Management : Forest wealth is Military-Military programs: Given that the common heritage of Kashmir. the militaries in India and Pakistan play Cooperation in joint management of important political roles and maintain a forests that lie across the LOC is large presence in the area of the LOC, essential to halt the large-scale illegal resources could become survival issue measures to promote friendly contact felling of trees that takes place with the for the population an India and Pakistan between the two militaries would connivance of civilian officials and in the coming ears. greatly improve the atmosphere. security forces. Such cooperation would Exchanges of military bands, the staging also enable environmental protection
Governance of sporting events involving military of the delicate ecosystems in Siachen, personnel from both countries and Saltoro, and other glacier regions.similar measures merit exploration. Just as there are many opportunities to
promote people-to-people contact, so Hydropower and Irrigation : Several there is wide scope for enhanced projects to share hydropower Liberalization of the travel coordination between local government generated on both sides of the LOC are Regimeand official institutions, especially c u r r en t l y m i r ed i n b i l a t e r a l regarding public administration, on negotiations whose glacial pace reflects
A close look at one particular aspect of both sides of the LOC. the parlous state of India-Pakistan softening the LOC —liberalizing the
relations but squanders Kashmir's travel regime —shows the kind of
Local Government Consultations: The economic and developmental promise. opportunities that exist for pragmatic
Working Group Report suggests The linking of electrical grids would be a reforms. Most of these reforms would be
establishing a Joint India-Pakistan major step forward in the process of modest and piecemeal, but their
Parliamentary Committee to foster making the LOC irrelevant. So, too, cumulative impact could be very
greater parliamentary exchanges and would mutually beneficial irrigation significant. The Srinagar-Muzaffarabad
address issues of common interest in projects that use the waters of the bus service, resumed in April 2005, has
Kashmir. For instance, joint local Indus. The much-praised Indus Waters
One way to encourage cross-border trade and commerce would be to waive customs duties for several years, thereby creating a free trade area in Kashmir.
Epilogue Ø 35 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
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continued to ply between the two cities stringent conditions imposed by noted earlier, Pakistani government
despite threats from militants. There is Pakistan and India on visitors wishing to officials are totally prohibited from
near-unanimous support for the bus obtain travel documents. traveling across the LOC, which conveys
service. Many respondents to our a strongly negative message to the local
survey, especially local journalists who population. Members of Kashmiri In the first place, only members of also work for foreign agencies such as families who crossed the LOC from J&K divided families are permitted to Voice of America and the BBC, to AJK after the militancy accelerated travel. Even among such families, only commented that the bus service in the 1990s should —after due scrutiny those having near relatives (i.e. parents between Muzaffarabad and Srinagar has —also be allowed to visit their relatives or children)on the other side of the LOC done more than any other measure to or move back to India. are issued travel documents. Visits to change the mindset of people in AJK. more distantly related kin are not The opening of additional crossing allowed. Second, the processing of the Simplify permit procedures: One way to points has built upon this positive applications takes an extraordinarily simplify and shorten the process of development. One respondent, who long time because of highly complex obtaining travel documentation would traveled by the first Srinagar- procedures, including close scrutiny by be to institute a visa system, with each Muzaffarabad bus, which took a very security and intelligence agencies on traveler being issued a visa at the circuitous route, told the interviewer both sides of the LOC. Many applicants border upon production of satisfactory that the opening of the Tertiary Note are refused permission. For example, proof of identity and residence. Another crossing point had reduced his journey between April 7, 2005, and August 30, alternative would be to institute a from Muzaffarabad to his village in J&K 2007, the government of AJK sent a system in which any application not from about nine hundred miles to just total of 4,114 applications to the decided within a certain amount of time over one hundred. There is a strong government of J&K for clearance to would be deemed to be approved.demand among the local population for travel to Srinagar through the Chokothi-the opening of more crossing points. Uri crossing point, but only 1,254 were Many respondents suggested that the
approved. Similarly, the government of power to issue travel permits should However, several problems need to be AJK received a total number of 3,938 be delegated to the respective state addressed if the bus service is to be made applications from the government of governments and local officials (see really effective. After the earthquake in J&K for permission to visit AJK using the below). However, this idea —like the October 2005, the two governments had same bus route, but only 1,070 ideas advanced above—will be decided to open five more crossing passengers arrived from Srinagar in AJK. accepted only if political relations points, but only three were inaugurated During this period,6,558 applications between India and Pakistan improve to and, as of August 2008, only two are were sent to the security agencies for the extent that some degree of mutual functional. For example, the crossing clearance, but travel documents were trust develops.point at Tata Pani (in the Poonch-Kotli issued in only 4,114 cases.
sector) is officially open, but no visitor Simplify application Requirements:
has used this crossing point during the The restrictions on travel and the Applicants for a travel permit must last seven months. cumbersome and s low-mov ing submit multiple copies of several
application process have dampened documents. This procedure is so The limited number of crossing points is Kashmiris ' enthusiasm for traveling. If complex and time consuming that most not the only impediment to cross- that enthusiasm is to be rekindled, the respondents think it is easier to travel border travel, nor indeed the primary following pragmatic steps need to be on passports.one. Instead, the administrative and taken. Many respondents proposed restoring security protocols governing travel Expand Eligibility: Eligibility to travel the procedure used during the 1950s, across the LOC are largely responsible should be extended to other categories when proof of state domicile was for limiting movement. The number of of travelers such as tourists, persons considered sufficient for issuing travel passengers traveling on buses remains requiring medical treatment, traders, permits. There was no categorization of very low chiefly because of the and even dissident political leaders. As
Epilogue Ø 36 × October 2008
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applicants, and anybody could cross the quickly. If the state governments were are fought, the suspicions and tensions
LOC (then the Cease-fire Line) to visit to take charge, they would be able to that exist within and between the
close relatives. Other respondents work directly with one another, which various parts of Kashmir must be
suggested that a local Kashmiri would promote greater understanding addressed and the voice of the
document should be issued to all and trust between the two parts of Kashmiris on both sides of the LOC must
Kashmiris and that this document Kashmir. These working relationships be heard and accorded due weight. As
should be sufficient to enable its holder between the administrations in AJK and all sides are coming to recognize, the
to cross from one side of the border to J&K could become the basis for present borders cannot be changed, but
the other. A small number of cooperation in trade and commerce, they can be made more porous and
respondents also suggested that J&K and could evolve further into joint larger measure of self-governance
residents be given dual citizenship, efforts to maintain security and combat evolved to J&K and AJK.
which would enable them to visit the sabotage and terrorism.
other side without any special travel Some respondents to the survey said This report has offered a wide range of documents. that they would prefer a system in recommendations for softening the LOC
which visas are issued by local police at that presently divides Kashmir. It is border posts, as opposed to the current Liberalize Permit Characteristics: important, however, to prioritize these
Granting longer-term, multiple-entry recommendations and to first pursue
permits to traders and businessmen, those short-term measures that have a
while exempting them from the prospect of immediate success, such as
obligation to report to the police after a relaxation in travel arrangements. An
entering India or Pakistan, would incremental approach must be
greatly facilitate trade and commerce adopted, one that dovetails the
across he LOC. Issuing group visas to introduction of individual measures into
traders, tourists and cultural the larger process of confidence system of lengthy and elaborate visa delegations would ease the burden on building between the two countries. A applications that are decided by the both sides ' bureaucracies. A scheme for series of initial successes would give militaries on both sides.issuing travel documents on a priority momentum to the peace process and set
basis in emergency cases (e.g., for the stage for longer-term measures, Conclusions
medical reasons or in case of family such as cross-border development
emergencies should be instituted on projects. The emphasis has to be on The conflict in Kashmir is complex and humanitarian rounds. implementing decisions taken, rather multifaceted. As Praveen Swami, an than on adding to these decisions.Indian journalist, has noted, “What we
Localize Permit Processing: Permits call the Kashmir problem is in fact
normally take three to four months to No steps, whether short term or long several problems, for which Jammu and
be processed, because each case has term, can be taken until the tensions Kashmir is only a stage. Among other
to be cleared by the intelligence and between India and Pakistan erode. This th ings , the prob lem invo lves
security agencies of the two will not happen suddenly. The reality is irreconcilable ideas about the basis of
countries. In some cases, the process that India-Pakistan relations cannot be nationhood, a crisis of religious and
can stretch on beyond a year. Such dramatically improved over the short ethnic identity, and the still-far-from-
delays and the prospect of intrusive run, nor can all their outstanding spent forces that led to the partition of
investigations by the intelligence problems be resolved quickly. India. For jihadi groups and their
agencies discourage many eligible Unrealistic expectations that progress supporters in Pakistan's establishment,
people from applying. in making borders irrelevant in Kashmir the war in Kashmir is merely part of an
will be swift and that India-Pakistan Respondents said they resented this even-larger war, one between Islam and
relations will rapidly improve could lead system and wanted the procedure unbelief. If Kashmir is to stop being an
to frustrations. Moreover, the task of entrusted to the state authorities, arena within which these larger battles
making borders irrelevant in Kashmir which could handle cases much more
As all sides are coming to recognize, the present borders cannot be changed, but they can be made more porous.
Epilogue Ø 37 × October 2008
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cannot be considered in isolation from problem. They are also not in favor of Washington is generally supportive of
ongoing efforts to do the same thing playing the “jihadi card” in Kashmir at a the bilateral India-Pakistan peace
elsewhere along the international time when fundamentalist militancy has efforts but has not sought to involve
border between India and Pakistan (for become the target of almost universal itself in the nitty-gritty of negotiations
instance, road and rail links are being disapprobation. and thus has not focused on measures
reestablished in the Rajasthan area). such as making borders irrelevant.The general political mood in India since
the recent elections in Pakistan has
been one of cautious optimism Yet while the glacial progress of the Over the past few years, China's tempered with watchfulness regarding peace process to date has disheartened attitude toward India and Pakistan's Pakistan's unfolding policy toward even inveterate optimists, there is rivalry and their dispute over Kashmir Kashmir. Initial statements from reason to believe that a brighter future has changed; where once China favored Pakistan's new government regarding is within reach. In the first place, the Pakistan, now it seeks to maintain Kashmir and the India-Pakistan peace process could certainly be accelerated equidistance from both countries. process were generally supportive; the if the leaderships of the two countries China's motives for this shift can be key issue remains whether the Pakistan were to summon the necessary political found in its need to prevent tensions Army or the civilian leadership will will. In the second place, as noted and instabilities in Kashmir and dominate policymaking on Kashmir and earlier in this report, the belief has Afghanistan from spilling over into Tibet India-Pakistan relations. An increase in seeped into the governing elites of both and Sinkiang, and in its concern to border incidents along the LOC and India and Pakistan that the Kashmir ensure peace and tranquility on its militant attacks within J&K has been issue can be resolved only by southern periphery. noticed but has been attributed to the negotiation, not by armed conflict and usual seasonal variations in the level of not by the use of insurgents. S ino -Amer ican re la t ions have violence and the proximity of state transformed themselves since the end elections in J&K.Despite the domestic problems of the Cold War into a partly
confronting Pakistan since elections in collaborative and partly competitive If the political climate in India and March 2008 brought an uneasy coalition pattern—a pattern that seems likely to Pakistan offers some reason for into power, the dialogue aimed at crystallize in the evolving international optimism about the peace process, improving India-Pakistan relations and system. For the first time, however, all developments on the international resolving the Kashmir problem has the major world powers —the United stage are decidedly encouraging. The continued on track, including efforts to States, China, Russia, Japan and the United States is greatly interested in improve relations across the LOC. The European Union —have individual and the success of the peace process overall top brass of the Pakistan Army, who will collective economic and strategic and in efforts to make borders continue to shape Pakistan policy i n t e r e s t s i n p r o m o t i n g t h e irrelevant in Kashmir, because renewed toward Kashmir and India, seem to have normalization of India-Pakistan confrontation along the LOC would realized that the normalization of relations. None of them wishes to distract both countries, particularly relations with India is in their own foment the Kashmir dispute, although Pakistan, from supporting the U.S.-led interests. More specifically, the they might not find it possible to war on terror. The United States also Pakistan Army needs to stabilize the mediate or promote its resolution. This now has a physical military presence in deteriorating situation in the tribal is, therefore, a propitious time for India Afghanistan and Pakistan. The United areas along the Pakistan-Afghanistan and Pakistan to explore the ideas States is strengthening its strategic border; if it were to revive its usual discussed in this report for making partnership with India and has confrontation with India, it would get borders irrelevant in Kashmir. While designated Pakistan as its most-favored caught in a two-front conflict. The international actors can help to non-NNATO ally. Both countries, major opposition parties in Pakistan, maintain a positive climate for the therefore, might well appreciate U.S. except for some Islamic fundamentalist peace process, the main responsibility facilitation of their peace process and groups, are not opposed to exploring an for making that process succeed rests of a resolution of the Kashmir dispute. amicable solution to the Kashmir with India and Pakistan themselves.
Epilogue Ø 38 × October 2008
KD Maini
Poonch-Rawlakote
The Road Much Traveled, Less Visited
I N F O C U S
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arrangements of truck service on terminal station at Rangar Poonch is yet f t e r t he cea se f i r e o f Srinagar-Muzafrabad road. The high to start. Therefore lot of dissatisfaction November 23, 2003 on the level team was also scheduled to visit is emerging among the public because it Line of Control, the beginning A Chakkan Da Bagh Tetrinote crossing was expected that cross LOC truck of fortnightly bus service on point in Poonch on September 7. service shall start simultaneously from April 7, 2005 on the Jehlum Valley road However due to bad weather the team Poonch and Srinagar. As per ground and on June 20, 2006 on the Poonch could not land at Poonch but discussed realities Poonch Rawlakote Road is more Rawlakote road, the duty free cross LoC the proposal of cross LoC trade via 46 suitable most appropriate and the trade between the two parts of Jammu kilometer long Poonch Rawlakote Road shortest route between the two parts of and Kashmir shall be the third most with the state authorities and accorded Kashmir as compare to Srinagar important Confidence Building Measure clearance for creation of infrastructure Muzafrabad route, because this route is of the recent history of conflict. facilities for truck service. passing from the heart of Pakistan
Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Trade, as keenly desired on both sides, directly linking six districts the LOC. Accordingly Poonch district authorities will not only help in creating peaceful
identified 45 Kanal piece of land near atmosphere, restoring the trust and Rangar nallha for truck terminal Originally Poonch Rawlakote Road was confidence in each other but also open station. This terminal will have the conceived by Raja Jagat Dayal Singh of the doors of economic development and capacity of stationing, loading and Poonch Principality in 1938 who had prosperity of the people living in both unloading of 40 trucks at a time. The passed orders for the construction of parts of Jammu and Kashmir. After the site is located exactly on Poonch this road. However the Raja died in 1940 Amarnath Shrine land row and the Rawlakote Road at a distance of 9 and Poonch came directly under the happenings of August 11, in Kashmir in Kilometer from Poonch town and 3 control of Kashmir Darbar. Therefore which a prominent Hurriyat leader Kilometer ahead of crossing Point on the the construction of this road was along with number of persons was killed LOC. The complex shall comprise of delayed till 1943 when fair weather while leading a symbolic march towards export examination hall, godown, road was opened for traffic. From 1943 Muzzafrabad, the Indian External strong room, cargo X ray machine room, to 1947 Poonch Rawlakote Road was Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee had custom office and Ancillary rooms for used more for trade than passenger stated that India had already forwarded loaders, drivers, staff personals etc. traffic. In those days Rice, Maize, a proposal to Pakistan for opening the This project shall cost Rs. 15.04 crores. Garlic, Chilies and other eatable items cross LoC trade to begin from October 1,
were transported from Poonch to 2008. In the light of the statement of Rawlakote which was the main the foreign minister, a high level central It is astonishing that 90% work of marketing centre of these items. During team headed by Chief Secretary S.S temporary terminal station at the turmoil of 1947 most part of Poonch Kapur visited Salamabad and Kaman Salamabad in Uri Muzzafrabad road has principality had fallen into the hands of Post on 6 September to review the been completed but the work on Truck
Mired in controversies and bogged down with suspicion, as the cross-LoC trade is finally okayed,
the road which connects 63 per cent of the all divided families between two parts of Jammu and
Kashmir is eagerly awaiting a truck terminal.
Epilogue Ø 39 × October 2008
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rebels and tribesmen who were November 2005 for exchange of relief
operating under the supervision of material and meeting of divided
Pa k i s t a n a r m y. U n d e r t h e s e families on humanitarian grounds. Later
circumstances Rawlakote town was on this route was replaced by Poonch
vacated on 14 November 1947 by Rawlakote Road on 2th June 2006. At
Colonel Hiranand Dubey of State forces the time of inauguration of fortnightly
when he along with a contingent of bus service from Poonch the UPA
force and a caravan of 10 thousand Chairperson Sonia Gandhi had offered
refugees had left Rawlakote for Poonch. Pakistan for more CBM's on the LOC
from November 1947 till 7 November including trade and tourism but
2005 there was no people to people Pakistan government was reluctant and
contact between both the parts of non cooperative for cross LOC trade due
Kashmir in Pocnch area. to certain reasons.
The Poonch Rawlakote Road remained Therefore during last 28 months only
suspended for about 58 years; it was divided families could travel across the
only after the earthquake of 2005 when LOC, even than this CBM has created
relief and rehabilitation centre was very congenial atmosphere in both the th parts of Kashmir.established at Kanchàman Post on 7
The Poonch Rawlakote Road
remained suspended for about 58
years; it was only after the
earthquake of 2005 when relief
and rehabilitation centre was
established at Kanchàman Post th
on 7 November 2005 for
exchange of relief material and
meeting of divided families on
humanitarian grounds. Later on
this route was replaced by
Poonch Rawlakote Road on 2th
June 2006.
THANK YOU - WE CHERISHED YOUR VISITTHANK YOU - WE CHERISHED YOUR VISIT
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RAWALAKOTRAWALAKOT
LoC crossing point at Chakkan Da Bagh, Poonch
Epilogue Ø 40 × October 2008
I N F O C U S
LOC TRADE
As per the experience of two and half per litre. The guests of PAK after visiting shall prefer to transport the go6ds from
years, Poonch Rawlakote Road have Poonch and Rajouri carries bundles and Poonch Rawlakote Road which is only 46
become the prime route between the bags of umbrellas, torches, clothes, kilometer long rather than Srinagar
two parts of Kashmir because it is electronic goods and eatable items. Muzzafrabad road which is 173
centrally located and 63% divided These items can be exported to PAK kilometre long upto Muzaffarabad,
families belongs to the regions from from Poonch and Jammu, Since Jammu is industrious city and
where this road is passing. The fact is producing most of electronics and steel
revealed from the passengers who items, which can directly be supplied Basmati rice of Jammu Maize of Poonch traveled during this period. As per the through Poonch Rawlakote Road. and Rajouri electronic goods, official figures 4836 persons had crossed Because the traders of PAK all prefer to readymade garments toys and steel the LOC from Poonch Rawlakote React buy these items from Jammu instead of items manufactured in Jammu can be during last 28 months while only 3674 Kashmir and carry these goods through exported to the other part of Kashmir persons cross the LOC via Srinagar Poonch Rawlakote Road except fruits very easily from this road. There is a Muzaffrabad road in 41 months. Even in arid Handicrafts items.great demand of cotton cloth Khan this figure of 3674, a significant Suits, Pashawri chappal, Karakulli Cap percentage of passengers have been and crockery items in Poonch Rajouri After the opening of 169 Kilometer f r o m J a m m u p r o v i n c e , Poonch-Srinagar Mughal road, particularly from districts of the traders of Kashmir valley Rajouri and Poonch. Therefore shall also prefer their business the frequency of bus service from Poonch-Rawlakote road across LOC from Poonch instead of Jhelum Valley road Rawlakote road have been because by this way they will increased and fixed at weekly be able to supply fruit directly basis from September 2008 to six districts of PaK. The other keeping in view the more factor of trade is the similarity pressure of passengers on this of language between the road. people of PaK and Pir Panchal
region. Since 90% people on the
In the modern world trade is other sides speak Pahari and and Kashmir valley which are available considered the father of all the Gojri languages therefore the traders on the other side of LOC. The people of relations. The opening of Poonch of PaK shall like to have their links with this side are fond of natural salt of Rawlakote road for trade shall further predominant Pahari and Gojri speaking Pakistan which can also be imported via strengthen the relations between the traders of this side.Poonch Rawlakote Road on very cheap people and boost the economy on both fright charges. the sides. More avenues shall be There is a need of completion of truck
available for commercial ventures. The terminal station on Poonch Rawlakote These items can be sold in the markets persons visiting Poonch from across the Road at earliest; restoration of telephone of Jammu province. The cross LOC trade LOC tells that the rates of essential link with the marketing centers on other is beneficial only if there items are commodities in Pakistan Administered side and inclusion of the representatives transported through Poonch Rawlakote Kashmir are far higher than this side. of Poonch and Rajouri based Beopar Road , because this route is directly The rate list of Rawlakote bazaar Mandals in the delegations because linking six districts on the other side of indicates that sugar is sold at the rate & ultimately at grass root level these LOG namely, Mirpur Bhimber, Koli, 65 per Kg, Basmati rice at the rate of traders have to deal with their Plandri Bagh and Rawlakote. On 130 per Kg, cement bag at the rate of Rs counterparts on the other side. The contrary to this Srinagar — Muzzafrabad 475, Mutton at the rate of Rs 275 per Kg. prospect of Poonch, Rawlakote Road for road is linking only Muzzafrabad Mustard oil at the rate of Rs. 195 per Kg, cross LoC trade is appearing brighter than district. The traders of PAK districts and Kerosene Oil at the rate of Rs. 70 the other routes.
COMMODITY PRICE
Poonch Rawalkote
Sugar Rs. 21 Rs. 65
Cement Bag Rs. 298 Rs. 475
Mutton Rs. 150 Rs. 275
Mustard Oil Rs. 85 Rs. 195
Chicken Rs. 70 Rs. 120
Tomato Rs. 20 Rs. 45
Onion Rs. 12 Rs. 33
Desi Ghee Rs. 170 Rs. 260
Refined Oil Rs. 80 Rs. 145