Post on 12-Mar-2022
Environmental
Studies
By Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh,
Assistant Professor, Watumull Institute, Worli.
M. E. (Mechanical Engineering)-Pursuing
1Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Environmental
Studies
By Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh,
Assistant Professor, Watumull Institute, Worli.
M. E. (Mechanical Engineering)-Pursuing
2Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Videos…
1.1 Global Warming animation.mp4
1.2 Save Earth, Save Life.mp4
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Marking Scheme
Theory paper : 60 marks (2 Hrs)
Minimum passing marks : 24
Internal Exam: 15 marks
Minimum passing marks : 06
(Average of Test 1 and Test 2)
No Term work
5Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Question Paper Pattern
Total questions : Six
Solve any Four
Each questions carries 15 marks
Q1 is compulsory (Entire Syllabus)
From Q 2 to Q 6 , Solve any Three
Mixed in nature (Three sub-questions)
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Environmental Studies
*• Introduction
1• Multidisciplinary Nature of Envt.
2• Sustainable Development
3 • Environmental Pollution
4 • Environmental Legislation
5• Renewable Sources of Energy
6• Environment & Technology
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Chapter 1
“The Multidisciplinary Nature of
Environmental Studies”
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Things to be learned…
Definition
Scope and Importance
Need for Public Awareness
Depleting Nature of Environmental resources
Global Environmental Crisis
Ecosystem: Concept, Classification, Structure
Food chain, Food web and Ecological Pyramid
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Environment ???
Sum of all living and non-living components.
Living components
Non-Living components
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Environment Studies
It is an applied science that seeks practical
answers to the question of sustainable human
civilization.
Deals with the issue that affects the living
organisms.
Multidisciplinary approach
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Multidisciplinary Nature??? Biology
Geology
Chemistry
Physics
Engineering
Sociology
Health
Economics
Statistics
Computers
Philosophy
as it deals with every issue that affects living organisms.
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Objective
To make public aware about importance of
protection and conservation of environment
Awareness, Attitude, Action
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Scope
Use of environment for betterment
Industrial development and agricultural
products
Resources like water, landscape, air.
Research and Development
Green Marketing
Green Media
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Importance
Productive use value
Consumptive use value
Social value
Aesthetic value
Option value of nature
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Apart from environmental values,
ecosystems have some traditional values as
well.
Products:-
Fire Wood & Timber.
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Types of Environment
Natural environment
Man-Made environment
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Segments of Environment
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
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Structure of Atmosphere
1. Troposphere (0-12 km)
2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)
3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)
4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)
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Need for Public Awareness
To inspire every citizen to use resources with
care and protect them from degradation.
To explain concept of environmental
degradation and to identify various factors
causing environmental degradation.
To explain concept of sustainable development.
It is clear that no citizen of the earth can afford
to be ignorant of environment issues.
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Methods / Ways of Creating Public Awareness
Decreasing degradation of resources
Protection of environment than cleaning
up
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Reduce wastage of natural resources
Promoting responsible action through
mass media, through decision makers.
Joining NGOs, public involvement.
Join local movements (march, street plays)
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Space occupied by same number of people
In cars, In a bus, and on bicycles
Demonstration on main street:- How much space cars take
compared to buses or bikes to transport the same number of people
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Video…
Videos\Protect Our Environment.mp4
..\Videos\1.3 save our environment.mp4
Minus One.ppt
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Institutions in Environment
BNHS (Mumbai, 1883)
WWF-I, Mumbai (1969) Now @ New Delhi)
Center for Science and Environment (New Delhi)
BSI ,Calcutta (1890). Reopened in 1954
ZSI ,Calcutta (1916)
Salim Ali Center, Coimbatore
Kalpavriksha, Pune
Bharati Vidyapeeth Inst Of Envt Edu & Research
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Depletion of Forest Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Water Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Mineral Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Soil Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
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Depletion of Forest Resources
Use-
Protective Functions
Regulative Functions
Productive Functions
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Causes of Deforestation
• Shifting cultivation
• Human population
• Construction of roads
• Demand of wood
• Fires
• Mining and dams
• Weather
• Overgrazing
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Extinction of plants and animals
Regional and Global climate change
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Forest Conservation and Management
Afforestation
Alternative source of energy for cooking
Protection from fire
Grazing of cattle's should be banned
Irrigation
Tissue culture
Disease and pest management
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Use:-
Drinking, irrigation, washing, Disposal of
industrial waste, as a coolant in thermal power
plants.
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Causes
Excessive irrigation leads to reduction in crop
productivity .
Heavy rainfall-Soil erosion
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Water Pollution
Oil Spills
Factories and Refineries
Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
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Use and over-exploitation
Environment effects of extracting and using
mineral resources
Gems That Complete Our World.
46Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Generally found in form of ores.
Is of great importance to mankind and
used for manufacture of useful products.
e.g Iron, aluminum, zinc, gold etc, even
stones like granite ,marble etc.
48Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Use and Overexploitation
Metallic and non metallic minerals
Industries, consumer goods, aircrafts
(Aluminium), coins (Nickel), jewellery (Gold, silver),
Fertilizers, insecticides (Phosphorous, sulphur)
49Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Utilization
Earlier use of minerals in form of
pigments.
Now days are used for manufacture of
both scientific and general purpose
products.
Ranging from toothpaste to automobile
batteries.
Also used as fluxes in metallurgy for
separation of different elements.
50Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Mines
Mining is a process of extraction of valuable minerals from earth or from a ore body.
Materials recovered by mining include base metals , precious ones, diamonds even oil shale, rock salt and potash.
In a wider sense comprises extraction of any non-renewable resource(e.g petroleum, natural gas even water).
51Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Mining effects
Health problems to miners.
Radiation in uranium mines
Environmental effects like soil depletion
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Depletion of Soil Resources
Land as resource
Land degradation
Landslides
Soil erosion
Desertification
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Global Environmental Crisis
Population
Water
Sanitation
Land
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Problems related to Population
Shortage of Natural resources
Poor management of resources
Shortage of Healthcare services
Disturbing demographic structure of
area
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Water Very much important to life, no one survive without it
No substitute to water
Most critical limiting factor for many aspects of life:-
Economic Growth
Environmental Stability
Bio-diversity Conservation
Food Security
Health Care
1/4th World population have NO ACCESS to safe drinking
water.
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Sanitation
In India lack of adequate sanitation in rural area
Out of 108 households, 14 households have NO
sanitation in urban area.
Flush Toilets→ Not possible to provide→ Scarcity
of Water
Ecological Toilets→ Practical, hygienic, cost-
effective
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Land
Area of Earth =140 million sq.km
Vital for our Existence on it
Preserves Terrestrial Biodiversity
Regulates Water & Carbon Cycles
Stores Basic Resources - Groundwater, Minerals,
Fossil Fuels
Dump for solid & Liquid Waste
Basis for Settlements and Transport / Migration
Activities
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Things to be learned…
Concept and Classification of Ecosystem
Structure and functions of Ecosystem
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Food chains, Food webs, Ecological pyramids
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What is an Ecosystem?
Term proposed by British ecologist A. G. Tansley in
1935. Consisting of all Plants, Animals and Micro-
organisms
Region with Specific and Recognizable landscape form.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all
living and non-living things.
Eco = The Environment
System = Regularly interacting and interdependent
components forming a unified whole.
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What is an Ecology?
The branch of biology that deals with the
relations of organisms to one another and to their
physical surroundings.
The study of the interaction of people with their
environment.
EVS Videos\Ecology Introduction.mp4
66Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Fundamental Characteristics of Ecosystem
Structural
Living /Biotic
Non-living
/Abiotic
Inorganic components
Organic components
Climatic Regimes
Functional
Energy cycles
Food chains
Diversity
Nutrient cycles
Evolution
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Structure:
Living/Biotic ( Plants, Animals and Micro-
organisms )
Non-living/ Abiotic (soil, climate, water and light )
Inorganic components - C,N,CO2
Organic components - Proteins, Fats
Climatic Regimes - Temp, Moisture
Macro and Micro consumers
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On the basis of particular type of habitat, theyare divided as:
Various Types of Ecosystems
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Fresh
Water
• Running water
• Streams, Rivers
• Standing water
• Lakes, ponds
Marine
Water
• Deep sea
• Oceans
Aquatic Ecosystem
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Components of Ecosystem
Abiotic components:
1. Abiotic components are non - living chemical & physical factors in the environment.
2. They practically provides all the energy for ecosystems.
Biotic components:
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
72Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Decomposers Feed on organic compounds of dead or living plants
and animals for food and energy
Breakdown products & release inorganic compounds
(nutrients) in the ecosystem, making them available
again to producers.
77Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
“ The transfer of energy and nutrients through a
series of organisms with repeated process of eating
and being eaten”.
All the organisms are linked together with one
another by food relationship.
Each organism living or dead is potential food for
some other organism.
Food Chain
78Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Food web Interlocking pattern of several interlinked food chains is
termed as FOOD WEB.
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Ecological Pyramids
The relationship between producers, consumers and
decomposers at different tropic levels in an ecosystem.
Pyramid represents decrease in amount of energy, number of
organisms and biomass from producers to higher level
consumers.
Types of pyramid –
1. Pyramid of Energy
2. Pyramid of Numbers
3. Pyramid of Biomass
81Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
Grasses
Snakes, Frogs,
Birds etc.
Cows Sheep,
Deer, Rabbit
Trees
Lion, Tiger,
etc.
Elephant, Deer etc.
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Phytoplankton's
Fish etc.
Zooplanktons
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
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Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem
Pond Ecosystem
The occurrence of definite sequence of
communities over a period of time in same area.
A process through which ecosystems tends to
change, over a period of time
A change in the community in which new
populations of organisms gradually replace
existing ones.
Can be related to environmental changes.
Ecological Succession
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Three stages-
1. Pioneer stage
2. Serial stage
3. Climax stage
E.g. Pond Ecosystem
Ecological Succession
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Basic Things To Remember About Ecosystems-
What is the nature / type of an ecosystem?
What are its structure and functions?
Who uses the ecosystems and for what purpose?
How is ecosystem degraded?
What can be done to protect it from deteriorating
in the long time? How can the ecosystem be
conserved?
87Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.
..\Videos\10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4
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