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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODSBREEAM / LEED / GreenStar
18th September 2008
Emma Kauppaymuthoo
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Topics
What are EAMs and why are they used? General methodology of EAMs Most common schemes: BREEAM (UK) LEED (USA) GreenStar (Australia)
How comparable are EAMs? How do they influence Building Services design?
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What are EAMs and why are they used? EAM (Environmental Assessment Method): measure of environmental
performance
Benchmarks and checklists of criteria to be met
Credits awarded for level of performance achieved
Key drivers:
Demonstrate sustainability credential to planning authorities, investors and customers
Gain market recognition as a leader in green building industry
Improve image
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General methodology
Request forassessment
Identify building type & functions
Registration under appropriate scheme
Evidence gathered
Assessor advice &
consultancy
First stage of assessment Design & Procurement Assessment
(Optional)
Submission to certifying body *
QAPassed?
Interim certification
Amendments / additional info
Onto Post Construction
stage
Y
N
* Submission: either report or evidences submitted online
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General methodology
From D&P Assessment
Post-construction evidence gathered
Second stage of assessment Post Construction Review
Submission for certification
QAPassed?
Amendments / additional info
Certificate awarded
Y
N
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Preliminary assessment report
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Full D&PAssessmentreport
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Most common schemes
Launch date 1990 1998 2003
Certifying body Building ResearchEstablishment (BRE, UK)
US Green Building Council (USGBC)
Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA)
Required qualifications
BREEAM assessor (completed training, exam
& test assessment)
LEED Accredited Professional (exam)
GreenStar Accredited Professional (exam)
Types of buildings assessed
Offices, Retail, Healthcare, Industrial,
Multi-residential, Courts, Prisons, Education,
Bespoke(Residential under CSH)
Offices, Retail, institutional buildings
(libraries, schools, museums, churches),
hotels, residential
Offices, Retail, Education(Healthcare, Multi-
residential and mixed-use in pilot stage of development)
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BREEAM
2006 2008CATEGORY Credits Weight Credits Weight
Management 9 15% 10 12%
Health & Wellbeing 13 15% 13 15%Energy 18
25%24 19%
Transport 15 10 8%
Water 6 5% 6 6%
Materials 1210%
13 12.5%Waste 10 7 7.5%Land Use & Ecology 15 15% 10 10%
Pollution 6 15% 12 10%TOTAL 98 100% 105 100%
% SCORE
RATING 2006 2008
UNCLASSIFIED - <30
PASS ≥25 ≥30
GOOD ≥40 ≥45
VERY GOOD ≥55 ≥55
EXCELLENT ≥70 ≥70
OUTSTANDING - ≥85
BREEAM: Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment MethodCovers environmental areas as well as social and economical areas (energy saving and occupant health and wellbeing)
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BREEAM
BREEAM 2008 update: to keep the scheme current with regard to legislation and changes in industry.
Major changes:-
Two-stage certification process (Post-construction assessment now required)
“Outstanding” rating introduced
Weightings modified
Energy credits now based on EPC rating
Minimum requirements for each rating level
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BREEAM
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTSTotal
creditsMandatory credits for each rating
P G VG E O
Man 1 - Commissioning 2 1 1 1 1 2Man 2 - Considerate Constructors 2 - - - 1 2Man 4 - Building User guide 1 - - - 1 1Hea 4 – High frequency lighting 1 1 1 1 1 1Hea 11 – Thermal zoning 1 1 1 1 1 1Hea 12 – Microbial contamination 1 1 1 1 1 1Ene 1 - Reduction of CO2 emissions 15 - - - 6 10Ene 2 - Sub-metering of energy uses 1 - - 1 1 1Ene 5 – Low or zero carbon technologies 3 - - - 1 1Wat 1 - Water consumption 3 - 1 1 1 2Wat 2 - Water meter 1 - 1 1 1 1Wst 3 - Recyclable waste storage 1 - 1 1 1 1LE4 – Mitigating ecological impact 2 - - 1 1 1
Minimum requirements within BREEAM 2008
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LEED Intent (USGBC): “to assist in
the creation of high performance, healthful, durable, affordable and environmentally sound buildings” and
To provide a national standard for what constitutes a “green building”.
ENERGYSAVINGS
30%
CARBONSAVINGS
35%
WATERUSE
SAVINGS30-50%
WASTECOST
SAVINGS50-90%
Average savings of green buildings
(Source: USGBC)
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LEED 7 prerequisites Raw totals - No weighting applied Submissions to USGBC done online
CATEGORY CreditsSustainable sites 14
Water efficiency 5
Energy & Atmosphere 17
Materials & Resources 13Indoor Environmental Quality 15
Innovation & Design process 5
TOTAL 69
52 to 69 points = 'Platinum’
39 to 51 points = 'Gold’
33 to 38 points = 'Silver’
26 to 32 points = 'Certified’
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Mandatory Requirement Description of requirement
Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation and airborne dust generation.
Building Systems Commissioning Verify and ensure that fundamental building elements and systems are designed, installed and calibrated to operate as intended through best practice commissioning procedures.
Minimum Energy PerformanceDesign to meet building energy efficiency and performance as required by ASHRAE 90.1 1999, or your local code, whichever is more stringent. Analyze expected baseline building performance using the System/Component Method.
Fundamental Refrigerant Management Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new building HVAC&R systems.
Storage & Collection of RecyclablesProvide an easily accessible area that serves the entire building that is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a min) paper, glass, plastics and metal.
Minimum IAQ PerformanceMeet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and approved Addenda. (e.g. Locate building outdoor air intakes away from loading areas, building exhaust fans, cooling towers, and other sources of contamination).
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ControlPrevent exposure of building occupants and systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). Zero exposure of non smokers to ETS by prohibition of smoking in the building OR provide a designated smoking room designed to effectively contain, capture, and remove ETS from the building.
Minimum requirements within LEED
LEED
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GreenStar Based on existing rating systems including BREEAM and LEED Tailored to the Australian marketplace and environmental context Categories:
Management Indoor Environment Quality Transport Energy (ratings based on ABGR energy rating) Water Materials Land Use and Ecology Emissions
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(Score 45 - 59)
‘Best Practice’
GreenStar
(Score 60 - 74)
'Australian Excellence’
(Score 75 - 100)
‘World Leadership'
CATEGORY Credits Weight
Management 12 10%
Indoor Environmental Quality 27 20%Energy 24 25%Transport 11 10%Water 13 12%Materials 20 20%
Land use & ecology 8 8%Emissions 14 5%
TOTAL 129 100%
Rating bands
No prerequisites 5 points available for Innovation Total score weighted
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How comparable are EAMs? BREEAM score achieved ≠ LEED score ≠ GreenStar score Specific credit criteria to be assessed individually Not all BREEAM items are covered by LEED and vice-versa
44%
20%
36%
BREEAM -> LEED comparable items
Not comparableNot fully comparableDirectly comparable
BRE’s view on comparison of ratings
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Impact of EAMs on Building Services Design Independently of the methodology (BREEAM, LEED, etc.) energy and indoor
environmental quality are key issues in sustainability. About 50% of total credits in the EAMs are building services dependent.
53%54%46%
BREEAM LEED GreenStar
Client requirements for a specific rating level = min. requirements to be met Project team to consider feasibility and costs and weight different options to
meet target rating.
Percentage of Building Services dependent credits