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NANTENNAMADE BY:EKTA SRIVASTAVA10333321012EN BRANCH3RD YEAR
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INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
THEORY
PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
FUTURESCOPE
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INTRODUCTION
A nantenna (nanoantenna) is ananoscopic rectifying antenna thatconverts solar radiation into electricity,
an idea first proposed by Robert L.Bailey in 1972.It is an electromagnetic collector
designed to absorb specificwavelengths that are proportional tothe size of the nantenna.
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HISTORY
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Currently, Idaho NationalLaboratories has designed a
nantenna to absorb
wavelengths in the range of 3
15 m These wavelengths
correspond to photon energies
of 0.08-0.4 eV.
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Alvin M. Marksreceived apatent in 1984for a deviceexplicitlystating the useof sub-micron
antennas forthe directconversion oflight power toelectrical
power.
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E-beam lithography
was used to fabricatethe arrays of loopnantenna metallicstructures.
The nantenna consists ofthree main parts: theground plane, the opticalresonance cavity, and theantenna
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Nantenna arrays can be designed
to absorb any frequency of light.The frequency of a nantenna canbe selected by varying its length.
Nantenna has high theoreticalefficiency when compared to the
theoretical efficiency of singlejunction solar cells (30%).
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1) At frequencies above infrared,almost all of the current iscarried near the surface of thewire which reduces the effectivecross sectional area of the wire,leading to an increase inresistance. This effect is also
known as theskin
effect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Effect.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Effect.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Effect.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Effect.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Effect.png7/29/2019 EKTA SEMINAR. on nano antenna
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2) Another complication- diodes used inlarger scale nantennas cannot operate at THzfrequencies without large loss in power. Thelarge loss in power is a result of the junctioncapacitance (also known as parasitic
capacitance) found in p-n junction diodes andSchottky diodes, which can only operateeffectively at frequencies less than 5 THz.Therefore, alternative diodes need to be used
for efficient power conversion.
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3.Economical large-scale fabrication wouldsupport applications,such as, coating theroofs of buildings .
2. It is usedelectronic devices
for chargingpurposes.
1.The nantennadevices can beoptimized for
collection ofdiscrete bands of emenergy, buildinginsulations and heatdissipation in deviceslike computers.
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Present-day diodes are unable to efficiently
rectify at frequencies which are higher. A
rectifier must be designed that can properly
turn the absorbed light into usable energy.
Another focus of research will be how to
properly upscale the process to mass-marketproduction. New materials will need to be
chosen and tested that will easily comply.
We encourage the scientific community to
consider this technology along with others assources for solar energy.
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