Effects of 2,4-D on Anthocyanin Pigments in Red Norland Potatoes (Solanum

tuberosum)

Shannon Engelman 2007

University of MNDepartment of Horticulture

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2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

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http://files.agrichem.net/agrbv/artinfo/foto.org/2,4,%20d%20Amine%20a.JPG

Background

• Light intensity and hue angle decreases (Rosen, et al.)

Components of Color

• Light intensity • Chroma (saturation)• Hue angle

www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf

Components of Color

www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf

• Light intensity • Chroma (saturation)• Hue angle

Components of Color

www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf

• Light intensity • Chroma (saturation)• Hue angle

Components of Color

www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf

• Light intensity • Chroma (saturation)• Hue angle

Background

• Light intensity and hue angle decreases (Rosen, et al.)

• Coloration affects sales (Fults, et al.)

Background

• Light intensity and hue angle decreases (Rosen, et al.)

• Coloration affects sales (Fults, et al.)• 2,4-D harmful, LD50 of 1500 ppm (MSDS found at

http://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/96919.htm)

Goal

• To determine visual color, anthocyanin accumulation, and UFGT accumulation differences

Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway

LDOX UFGTleucocyanidinanthocyanidinanthocyanin 3-glucoside

(Keifenheim, et al.)

Hypotheses

With 2,4-D application:

• Increase in UFGT accumulation

Hypotheses

With 2,4-D application:

• Increase in UFGT accumulation

• Change in color (Rosen, et al.)

Hypotheses

With 2,4-D application:

• Increase in UFGT accumulation

• Change in color (Rosen, et al.)

• Increase in anthocyanin accumulation

Methods

Colorimetry

http://www.recreonics.com/images3/pocket_colorimeter.gif

Components of Color

• Light intensity • Chroma (saturation)• Hue angle

www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf

Anthocyanin Accumulation

Quantifying UFGT

RNA

Quantifying UFGT

cDNARNAreverse transcription

Quantifying UFGT

cDNA Amplified UFGT

RNAreverse transcription qPCR

Results

S S

Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle, Anthocyanin Accumulation

L C H A L C H A

Control 47 28.1 12.1 0.24 51 25.7 8.1 0.17 Treatment 45 30.5 7.4 0.52 45 28.8 0.1 0.18 Analysis of Variance p-value <.01 <.01 <.01 <.05 <.01 >.05 <.01 >.05

Field Study Greenhouse Study

Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle, Anthocyanin Accumulation

L C H A L C H A

Control 47 28.1 12.1 0.24 51 25.7 8.1 0.17 Treatment 45 30.5 7.4 0.52 45 28.8 0.1 0.18 Analysis of Variance p-value <.01 <.01 <.01 <.05 <.01 >.05 <.01 >.05

Field Study Greenhouse Study

Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle, Anthocyanin Accumulation

L C H A L C H A

Control 47 28.1 12.1 0.24 51 25.7 8.1 0.17 Treatment 45 30.5 7.4 0.52 45 28.8 0.1 0.18 Analysis of Variance p-value <.01 <.01 <.01 <.05 <.01 >.05 <.01 >.05

Field Study Greenhouse Study

Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle, Anthocyanin Accumulation

L C H A L C H A

Control 47 28.1 12.1 0.24 51 25.7 8.1 0.17 Treatment 45 30.5 7.4 0.52 45 28.8 0.1 0.18 Analysis of Variance p-value <.01 <.01 <.01 <.05 <.01 >.05 <.01 >.05

Field Study Greenhouse Study

Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle, Anthocyanin Accumulation

L C H A L C H A

Control 47 28.1 12.1 0.24 51 25.7 8.1 0.17 Treatment 45 30.5 7.4 0.52 45 28.8 0.1 0.18 Analysis of Variance p-value <.01 <.01 <.01 <.05 <.01 >.05 <.01 >.05

Field Study Greenhouse Study

UFGT Field Data

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

1

Treatment

Transcript Level Relative to Actin

Control

+2,4-D

UFGT Greenhouse Data

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

1

Treatment

Transcript Level Relative to Actin

Control

+2,4-D

Conclusion

• Visual color significantly changed (light intensity, hue angle)

Conclusion

• Visual color significantly changed (light intensity, hue angle)

• Anthocyanin accumulation unchanged

Conclusion

• Visual color significantly changed (light intensity, hue angle)

• Anthocyanin accumulation unchanged

• UFGT accumulation decreased

Future Work

• Look at petunidin (purple) vs. pelargonidin (red) anthocyanins

Acknowledgements• Dr. Cindy Tong• Harpartap Mann• Dr. Carl Rosen

• Ms. Fruen• Team Research

Effects of 2,4-D on Anthocyanin Pigments in Red Norland Potatoes (Solanum

tuberosum)

Shannon Engelman 2007