Post on 23-May-2020
Biomass
John E. FerrellOffice of the Biomass Program
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Presentation Outline
• BioFuels Presidential Initiative• Billion Ton Study• Pathways and Platforms• Energy Balance of Corn• Establishing Regional Feedstock Partnerships• Corn Stover Sustainability Study• Perennial Crop Sustainable Attributes• EERE/Office of Science Workshop • Federal Collaboration – work with other
agencies
Replace more than 75 percent of our oil imports from the Middle East by 2025
2012 Goal: Fund additional research in cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from corn, but from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.
National Goals
EERE Program Goal:
Dramatically Reduce Dependence on Foreign Oil
Efficient use of our liquid transportation fuels is an objective. Augmenting the Supply of that liquid fuel from more than one energy source is critical!
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
ProjectedActualMillion barrels per day
Transportation Oil Use
Domestic Oil Production
President’sHydrogen Fuel Initiative Plus FreedomCAR
Oil Imports
Biofuels Production Initiative
“The mission of Biomass Program is to partner with U.S. industry to foster research and development on advanced technologies that will transform our abundant biomass resources into clean, affordable, and domestically-produced biofuels, biopower and high-value products. The result will be improved economic development, expanded energy supply options, and increased energy security”
OBP Mission
The Biofuels Initiative Strategy
• Investigate the Conversion of a much broader number of possible feedstocks
• The funding will also allow us to see just how far our effort to convert corn stover can be leveraged into other feedstock including other agricultural residues, grasses, and woody residues
• Develop regional feedstock partnerships to identify local opportunities for feedstock production and ethanol production
Are there sufficient resources to meet 30% of the country’s petroleum requirements?
• Yes, land resources of the U.S. can sustainably supply more than 1.3 billion dry tons annually and still continue to meet food, feed, and export demands
• Realizing this potential will require R&D, policy change, stakeholder involvement
• Required changes are not unreasonable given current trends
1301
933
368
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Million dry tons per year
Total resource potential
Agricultural resources
Forest resources
Billion Ton Study
Feedstock Resource Potential
• “Billion Ton” study indicates that enough biomass is potentially available to displace > 30% of current U.S. petroleum consumption
• But it requires variety of biomass types– Agricultural lands
• Corn stover, wheat straw, soybean residue, manure, switchgrass, poplar/willow energy crops, etc.
– Forest lands• Forest thinnings, fuelwoods, logging
residues, wood processing and paper mill residues, urban wood wastes, etc.
$10.00
$28.50
$11.00
$3.50
$12.50
$15.50
$8.55
$10.35
$1.75
$12.50
$15.50
$8.50
$8.65
$1.75
$12.50
$15.50
$8.30
$5.50$1.75
$12.50
$14.00
$8.30
$2.75$1.75
$10.00
$12.50
$8.00
$2.75$1.75
$9.00
$12.50
$5.00
$2.75
$5.75
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Storage
Preprocessing
Transportationand Handling
Harvest andCollection
Production
Feedstock production,collection, handling & preparation
Acids, enzymes
High heat, low oxygen
Bacteria
Pyrolysis
Catalysis, heat, pressureExtraction
Mechanical, chemical
Mechanical, chemical
Hydrolysis
Gasification
Digestion
Separation
Sugars & Lignin
Sugars & Lignin
SynthesisGas
SynthesisGas
Bio-OilBio-Oil
Carbon-RichChains
Carbon-RichChains
PlantProducts
PlantProducts
Bio-gasBio-gas
Fuels:EthanolRenewable DieselHydrogen
Power:ElectricityHeat
Chemicals:PlasticsSolventsChemical
IntermediatesPhenolicsAdhesivesFurfuralFatty acidsAcetic AcidCarbon blackPaintsDyes, Pigments,
and InkDetergentsEtc.
Food and Feed
Fuels:Fuels:EthanolRenewable DieselHydrogen
Power:Power:ElectricityHeat
Chemicals:Chemicals:PlasticsSolventsChemical
IntermediatesPhenolicsAdhesivesFurfuralFatty acidsAcetic AcidCarbon blackPaintsDyes, Pigments,
and InkDetergentsEtc.
Food and FeedFood and Feed
USESUSES
Integrated Biorefinery
BiofuelsProduction
Co-ProductsPlatforms
ConversionPlatforms
Feedstock Platform
Pathways
R&D development will consider
all process steps to optimize
the production of biofuels
Product Options
Pathway/Platform Matrix
And Spur the Establishment
of the
Domestic Bioindustry
Pathways
Biorefinery
R&D Platforms and Pathways
FeedstockR&D
FeedstockR&D
BiochemicalR&D
BiochemicalR&D
ThermochemicalR&D
ThermochemicalR&D
ProductsR&D
ProductsR&D
Balance of Plant
Balance of Plant
Existing Wet & Dry Mill ImprovementsExisting Wet & Dry Mill Improvements
Oil Seed Mill ImprovementsOil Seed Mill Improvements
Agricultural Residue ProcessingAgricultural Residue Processing
Perennial Energy Crops ProcessingPerennial Energy Crops Processing
Pulp and Paper Mill ImprovementsPulp and Paper Mill Improvements
Forest Residue ProcessingForest Residue Processing
IntegratedBiorefineriesIntegrated
Biorefineries
Development and Demonstration Deployment
Increasing Industry Participation
Fundamental R&D
Today
Accelerated3 to 10 Years
Recent studies have suggested that biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel specifically, require more energy to produce than can be obtained from them.
Energy Balance
Several studies refute this point:
•Argonne National Laboratory: Corn ethanol requires 26% less energy than it contains, while cellulosic ethanol requires 90% less.
•A joint DOE/USDA study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory shows that soy-based biodiesel requires 69% less energy to make than it contains.
Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnerships
• Goal: Establish Regional Feedstock Partnerships to develop, evaluate, and deploy sustainable biomass resource supplies with a clear understanding of economic analysis and market relationships for commercial development.
• Strategy: – Develop the Southeast Regional Partnership as a prototype for other regions– Identify regional contacts to serve on working groups in the following
technical and non-technical areas:• Sustainable Agricultural and Forestry Residues• Sustainable Perennial Grass/Tree Development• Sustainable Feedstock Resource and Economic Analysis• Communication and Information Dissemination
• Potential Participants:– Sun Grant Initiative - NBSRP Regional Offices– DOE - Farm Bureaus– USDA - Land Grant Universities– ORNL - Other Universities– INL - R&D Partners– Mississippi State University - Biorefiners
Corn Stover Removal ImpactAssessment on Grain Yield
• Joint USDA and DOE project initiated in August 2005
• Objective – Assess impact of corn stover removal strategies, for use as a bioenergy feedstock, on subsequent year corn grain production
• Approach: – Summarize existing
published/unpublished data on residue removal impact on grain yields
– Initiate studies on stover removal strategies that will produce an acceptable biorefining feedstock
606 All 605 All 506 None 505 Half 406 Half 405 Half
604 Half 603 None 504 All 503 None 404 All 403 All
602 None 601 Half 502 Half 501 All 402 None 401 None
All Removed Half Removed None Removed
No-till Disk No-till Disk Disk No-till
306 All 305 None 206 Half 205 Half 106 None 105 All
304 Half 303 Half 204 All 203 All 104 Half 103 Half
302 None 301 All 202 None 201 None 102 All 101 NoneNo-till Disk Disk No-till Disk No-till
25 ft alley
N
50 ft
30 ft
Power polesand dogleg
Power poleand well
375 ft
205 ft
5 ft alley for irrigation pipe
Rep 3 Rep 2 Rep 1
Rep 6 Rep 5 Rep 4 Nebraska stover removal research plot design
Iowa stover removal field trials – High cut, leaves most of the stalk; Low cut, removes most stover
Perennial Cover- Wind Erosion Control
up to 10H- Water Erosion Control
Removal of AgriculturalChemical from Ground Water
Tree Height (H)
ca. 6
0 ft
at a
ge 8
No Annual FeedstockStorage Cost
Low Chemical Input<10 lbs. N/ac/yr
No site disturbancefor 5-6 years
Soil Carbon-Amendment0.6 dry tons/ac/yr
fine root turnover1.0 dry ton/ac/yr
biomass accumulation
Life HistoryFast-growing perennialsNine native species andnumerous hybrid clones
Cultural PracticesShort rotation forestry
on agricultural land
Productivity Potential5 to 10 dry tons/ac/yr
Native Range of AllNorth American Populus
Wildlife Habitat- Winter Cover- Early Spring
oblique root sinker root
Root Depth
5 ft
horizontal roots
ATTRIBUTES OF POPULUS
Conventional System vs.Conventional System vs.Domesticated SystemDomesticated System
• 8’ x 8’ spacing• $0.21 / cutting• 5 tons / ac / yr• 8-year rotation• default harvest cost• $51.42 / ton
• 4’ x 8’ spacing• $0.12 / cutting• 13.5 tons / ac / yr• 5-year rotation• $8 / ton harvest cost• $20.67 / ton
Attributes of Switchgrass- Native perennial grass - Farm-compatible - High yield and energy
efficiency- Ecological and economic gains for agriculture
DOE EERE/Science Biomass to Biofuels
• White Paper – “Critical Challenges in Bioenergy for Applied and Fundamental Research at DOE – An Overview of Collaborative Opportunities”
• Workshop Sessions• Feedstock Genomics and Engineering• Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction• Biological Conversion of Biomass• Crosscutting
Functional Requirements
Strategy for Joint Workshop
EERE/OBP Industry
PULL
OS OBER
GTL Roadmap Multi Year Technical Plan
• Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003, Title II
• Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for Woody Biomass Utilization (DOE/USDA/DOI)
• MOU for Biomass to Hydrogen (DOE/USDA)
• Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 – Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee
• Vision for Bioenergy & Biobased Products in the US• Roadmap for Bioenergy & Biobased Products in the US
– Biomass R&D Board (DOE/USDA/DOI/EPA/NSF/OFEE)
• Farm Bill 2002, Title IX– Federal Procurement of Biobased Products (Section 9002)– Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements (Section 9006)– Biomass Research and Development (Section 9008)
• Joint DOE/USDA Solicitation for FY 02, FY 03, & FY04– Continuation of the Bioenergy Program (Section 9010)
• Joint Projects• Joint USDA/DOE Feedstock Stage Gate Review• Billion Ton Feedstock Study (USDA/DOE)
Federal Agency Collaboration