EDWARD IROBI, MPH STUDENTEDWARD IROBI, MPH STUDENTWALDEN UNIVERSITYWALDEN UNIVERSITY

6165-16165-1

INSTRUCTOR: DR. SHANA MORRELLINSTRUCTOR: DR. SHANA MORRELLFALL, 2009FALL, 2009

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

To identify the cause of West Nile To identify the cause of West Nile Virus (WNV)Virus (WNV)

To identify symptoms associated To identify symptoms associated with WNVwith WNV

To explain current and ongoing To explain current and ongoing action in the state of Illinoisaction in the state of Illinois

To create awareness of the reality of To create awareness of the reality of the WNV threat and adherence to the WNV threat and adherence to prevention measures.prevention measures.

WHAT IS WEST NILE WHAT IS WEST NILE VIRUS?VIRUS? A mosquito-borne virus (WebMD, A mosquito-borne virus (WebMD,

2009)2009)

WNV can cause inflammation of the WNV can cause inflammation of the brain, spinal cord and surrounding brain, spinal cord and surrounding tissuestissues

WebMD. (2009). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-z-guides/west-nile-virus-treatment-overview

United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2002). Wild Birds Help Scientists Understand West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/pdfs/fact_westnile_res.pdf

HOW DOES WEST NILE HOW DOES WEST NILE VIRUS INFECT PEOPLE?VIRUS INFECT PEOPLE? Through infected mosquito bite (CDC, Through infected mosquito bite (CDC,

2006)2006) Mosquitoes get infected after feeding on Mosquitoes get infected after feeding on

infected birds (Chicago Tribune, 2009) infected birds (Chicago Tribune, 2009) The mosquitoes that carry the infection The mosquitoes that carry the infection

spread WNV to human beings and to other spread WNV to human beings and to other animals when they are bitten (CDC, 2009)animals when they are bitten (CDC, 2009)

Center for Disease Control. (CDC, 2006). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

Chicago Tribune. (2009). West Nile Virus researchers focus onNeighborhood birds. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-west-nile-virus-aug10,0,6170987.story

SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH WNVWNV

Serious symptoms are associated Serious symptoms are associated with WNV (CDC, 2006)with WNV (CDC, 2006)

Milder symptoms are seen in someMilder symptoms are seen in someinfected persons (CDC, 2006)infected persons (CDC, 2006) Some infected individuals show no Some infected individuals show no

noticeable symptoms (UPI.com, noticeable symptoms (UPI.com, 2009)2009)

Center for Disease Control. (CDC, 2006). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

UPI.com (2009). Science News: Cells Predict West Nile VirusInfection. Retrieved from http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2009/10/13/Cells-predict-West-Nile-virus-infection/UPI-42941255450721/

WNV AWARENESS IN WNV AWARENESS IN ILLINOISILLINOIS

West Nile Virus has a “seasonal West Nile Virus has a “seasonal epidemic pattern” in North epidemic pattern” in North America (CDC, 2006). America (CDC, 2006).

About 2,000 cases of WNV and About 2,000 cases of WNV and deaths have been identified in deaths have been identified in Illinois since September, 2001 Illinois since September, 2001 (IDPH, 2009).(IDPH, 2009).

Center for Disease Control. (CDC, 2006). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htmIllinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

HISTORY OF WNVHISTORY OF WNVIN ILLINOISIN ILLINOIS

In 2001, laboratory analysis confirmed WNV in two In 2001, laboratory analysis confirmed WNV in two dead crows found in Chicago southwestern suburb of dead crows found in Chicago southwestern suburb of Oat Lawn (Watson, 2004, IDPH, 2009; & Devitt, 2009)Oat Lawn (Watson, 2004, IDPH, 2009; & Devitt, 2009)

In 2002, Illinois recorded, positive birds, mosquitoes, In 2002, Illinois recorded, positive birds, mosquitoes, horses and first human cases and deaths from WNV horses and first human cases and deaths from WNV IDPH, 2009)IDPH, 2009)

In late 2002, Illinois reported more than 884 human In late 2002, Illinois reported more than 884 human cases, and 67 deaths (IDPH, 2009)cases, and 67 deaths (IDPH, 2009)

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm

Watson, J. T; Jones, R. C; Gibbs, K; & Paul, W. (2004) Dead Crows Reports and locations of Human West Nile Cases, Chicago, 2002. (2004) Emerging Infectious Diseases,10, ( 5), Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no5/pdfs/03-0603.pdf

Dewitt, T.(2009). University of Wisconsin News. Do Chicago’s Suburbs hold the key to understanding West Nile Virus? Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu/16916

HISTORY OF WNV INHISTORY OF WNV INILLINOISILLINOIS

In 2003, the attention-created by In 2003, the attention-created by West Nile disease shifted westward. West Nile disease shifted westward.

Colorado recorded the highest Colorado recorded the highest infected cases of 2,947, passing the infected cases of 2,947, passing the caseload number set the previous caseload number set the previous year by Illinois. year by Illinois.

In 2004, Illinois infection rate went up In 2004, Illinois infection rate went up a littlea little

In 2005 and 2006, IDPH number of In 2005 and 2006, IDPH number of reported cases was at 252.reported cases was at 252.

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile VirusRetrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm

CURRENT STATUS OF WNV CURRENT STATUS OF WNV IN ILLINOISIN ILLINOIS

Only 5 reported human cases this Only 5 reported human cases this year in Cook, St. Clair, Tazewell and year in Cook, St. Clair, Tazewell and Williamson countiesWilliamson counties

Most affected are the middle aged Most affected are the middle aged and elderlyand elderly

1.5 times as many males as females 1.5 times as many males as females are diagnosed with WNV are diagnosed with WNV

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus- 2009. Human Case Data. Retrieved fromhttp://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnvsurveillance_humancases_09.htm

NEXT LINE OF ACTIONNEXT LINE OF ACTION

More aggressive WNV More aggressive WNV surveillance is needed by IDPH surveillance is needed by IDPH for proper control and for proper control and eradication measureseradication measures

Recruit more personnelRecruit more personnel

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

AWARENESS INAWARENESS INSCHOOLS AND SCHOOLS AND

NEIGHBORHOODSNEIGHBORHOODS Inform youth of protection Inform youth of protection

measuresmeasures Reduce mosquito dwelling Reduce mosquito dwelling

placesplaces IDPH campaigns involving IDPH campaigns involving

posters, bill boards and the use posters, bill boards and the use electronic media electronic media

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

PARTNER WITH HEALTH PARTNER WITH HEALTH CARECARE

WNV information sharing between WNV information sharing between IDPH and health care facilities in the IDPH and health care facilities in the statestate

Monitoring of the elderly in nursing Monitoring of the elderly in nursing homes and other medical facilitieshomes and other medical facilities

Posting of WNV recent updates on Posting of WNV recent updates on strategic places in hospitals, clinics strategic places in hospitals, clinics and other health care agenciesand other health care agencies

MORE PUBLIC AWARENESSMORE PUBLIC AWARENESS

Need for IDPH and other stakeholders in the state of Illinois to step up public awareness.

IDPH partnership with CDC for efficient education tools and programs for health professionals.

Mobile health clinics in the affected areas of the state

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

PERSONAL PRECAUTIONSPERSONAL PRECAUTIONS

Insect repellent and insecticides Insect repellent and insecticides (Westnilevirusfacts.org, 2009; CAL NEWS, (Westnilevirusfacts.org, 2009; CAL NEWS, 2009)2009)

Light-colored long pants and long-sleeved Light-colored long pants and long-sleeved shirts shirts

Clean living environmentClean living environment Limit outdoor exposureLimit outdoor exposure

Westnilevirusfacts.org (2009). Get the facts about West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.westnilevirusfacts.org/index.html

CAL NEWS. (2009). University of Wisconcin, College of Agricultural& Life Sciences. Retrieved from http://news.cals.wisc.edu/newsDisplay.asp?id=1771Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile VirusRetrieved From: http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnvmuni_recs.htm

FIGHT THE BITEFIGHT THE BITE

Illinois is facing a great Illinois is facing a great challengechallenge

Pro-active approachPro-active approach

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

PHOTO GALLERY OF WEST PHOTO GALLERY OF WEST NILE VIRUSNILE VIRUS

Photo: courtesy Gabe Hamer, UW-Madison

This is the American Robin. This bird seems to be important in the spread of WNV.

Dewitt, T.(2009). University of Wisconsin News. Do Chicago’s Suburbs hold the key to understanding West Nile Virus? Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu/16916

Photo: courtesy Gabe Hamer, UW-Madison

Here, an American robin is fitted with a radio tag in the Chicago suburb of Oak Lawn.

Dewitt, T.(2009). University of Wisconsin News. Do Chicago’s Suburbs hold the key to understanding West Nile Virus? Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu/16916

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

Culex mosquito

Photo: courtesy Gabe Hamer, UW-Madison

This picture shows the mosquito specieCulex pipiens engorged with blood.

Dewitt, T.(2009). University of Wisconsin News. Do Chicago’s Suburbs hold the key to understanding West Nile Virus? Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu/16916

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

WNV Mosquito Trap

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

WNV Mosquito Trap

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

WNV Mosquito Trap

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH, 2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

WNV Mosquito breeding site-flooded foundation

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The threat of West Nile Virus in The threat of West Nile Virus in Illinois is seriousIllinois is serious

Awareness should go beyond the Awareness should go beyond the health sectorhealth sector

Pro-active attitude to deal with WNV Pro-active attitude to deal with WNV is neededis needed

United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2009). Effects of West NileVirus. Retrieved from http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/pdfs/fact_wnv_effects_2004.pdf

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Illinois Department of Public Illinois Department of Public Health Health

Centers for Disease Control Centers for Disease Control and Preventionand Prevention

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

SOURCES FOR FURTHER SOURCES FOR FURTHER READINGREADING

Medlineplus (2008). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from Medlineplus (2008). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007186.htm

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (NIAID, 2008). West National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (NIAID, 2008). West Nile virus. Retrieved from Nile virus. Retrieved from http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/westNile/research/services.htm

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII, 2009). West Nile National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII, 2009). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from Virus. Retrieved from http://westnilevirus.nbii.gov/

WebMD. (2009). Spatio-temporal Cluster Analysis of County-based WebMD. (2009). Spatio-temporal Cluster Analysis of County-based Human West Nile Virus Incidence in the United States. Retrieved from Human West Nile Virus Incidence in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/709866

Ruiz, M. O; Walker, E. D; Foster, E. S; Haramis, L. D; & Kitron, U. D. Ruiz, M. O; Walker, E. D; Foster, E. S; Haramis, L. D; & Kitron, U. D. (2007). Association of West Nile Virus Illness and urban landscapes of (2007). Association of West Nile Virus Illness and urban landscapes of Chicago and Detroit. Retrieved from Chicago and Detroit. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828048/

Miramontes, Jr, R; Lafferty, W; Lind, B; & Oberle, M. (2006). Is Miramontes, Jr, R; Lafferty, W; Lind, B; & Oberle, M. (2006). Is Agriculture Activity Linked to the Incidence of Human West Nile Virus ? Agriculture Activity Linked to the Incidence of Human West Nile Virus ? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 30, Issue 2, Pages American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 30, Issue 2, Pages 160-163. Retrieved from 160-163. Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749379705004009

Peterson, L. R; & Roehrig, J. T. (2007). Flavivirus DNA Vaccines-Good Peterson, L. R; & Roehrig, J. T. (2007). Flavivirus DNA Vaccines-Good Science, Uncertain Future. Editorial Commentary. Journal of Infectious Science, Uncertain Future. Editorial Commentary. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 196. Pgs. 1721-1723.Diseases. 196. Pgs. 1721-1723.

REFERENCESREFERENCESCAL NEWS. (2009). University of Wisconcin, College of Agricultural& Life Sciences. Retrieved from http://news.cals.wisc.edu/newsDisplay.asp?id=1771

Center for Disease Control. (CDC). 2006). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

Chicago Tribune. (2009). West Nile Virus researchers focus onNeighborhood birds. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-west-nile-virus aug10,0,6170987.story

Dewitt, T.(2009). University of Wisconsin News. Do Chicago’s Suburbs hold the key to understanding West Nile Virus? Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu/16916

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH). (2009). West Nile Virus.Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnv.htm=surv

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH). (2009). West Nile VirusRetrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnvmuni_recs.htm

Illinois Department of Public Health. (IDPH). (2009). West Nile Virus- 2009Human Case Data. Retrieved fromhttp://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/wnvsurveillance_humancases_09.htm

United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2002). Wild Birds Help Scientists Understand West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/pdfs/fact_westnile_res.pdf

REFERENCES CONTINUEDREFERENCES CONTINUED

United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2009). Effects of West NileVirus. Retrieved from http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/pdfs/fact_wnv_effects_2004.pdf

UPI.com (2009). Science News: Cells Predict West Nile VirusInfection. Retrieved from http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2009/10/Cells-predict-West-Nile-virus-infection/UPI-42941255450721/

Watson, J. T; Jones, R. C; Gibbs, K; & Paul, W. (2004). Dead Crows Reports and locations of Human West Nile Cases, Chicago, 2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases • Vol. 10, No. 5, May 2004. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no5/pdfs/03-0603.pdf

WebMD. (2009). West Nile Virus. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-z-guides/west-nile-virus-treatment-overview

Westnilevirusfacts.org (2009). Get the facts about West Nile Virus. Retrieved From http://www.westnilevirusfacts.org/index.html