Philosophical

Foundations of

Education

What is EDUCATION?* The process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, habits, values or attitudes.

*It is also used to describe the results of the educational process.

*It should help people become useful members of society and help them develop an appreciation of their cultural heritage and live more satisfying lives.

*It is both LEARNING and TEACHING.

The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 6 © 1986 USA. p. 56.

What is EDUCATION?*

*It is a social institution.

*It includes all the experiences from which one learns and which bring about changes in him.

*It is a mirror of ourselves as a people.

Psychological, Anthropological and Sociological Foundations of Education (Foundations of Education 1). Revised Edition II. © 1996. Katha Publishing Co., Inc.

Widely known as Socioeconomic status, it is often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation.

What is ECONOMIC ORDER?

It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group.

It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group.

ECONOMIC ORDER,

http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/ resources/publications/fact-sheet-references.aspx.

Through a social class lens, is:

PRIVELEGE

POWER

CONTROL

COMBINEDAND

EMPHASIZED

ECONOMIC ORDER

EDUCATION

How are they

related?

?

The EconomicOrder

and Education

WILBETH MARCH G. GONGORA

The Three General Classifications of the Socioeconomic Status (Economic Order)

UPPER CLASSIncludes the wealthy persons with substantial property and investments.

MIDDLE CLASS

Includes the professionals, managers, and small business owners (upper middle), as well as technical workers, technicians, sales personnel, and clerical workers (lower middle class)

The Three General Classifications of the Socioeconomic Status (Economic Order)

WORKING CLASS

including skilled craft workers

*Upper Working Class

*Lower Working Classincluding unskilled manual

workers

The Three General Classifications of the Socioeconomic Status (Economic Order)

WORKING CLASS*Underclass

Generally resembles the lower working class, but many of its members are the third or fourth generation to live in poverty and depend on public assistance to sustain a relatively meager existence.

The Three General Classifications of the Socioeconomic Status (Economic Order)

INCOME OR

WEALTH

The General Criteria of Social Differentiation

LIFESTYLE

EDUCATION OR OCCUPATION

Researches undertaken in the US seem to indicate the following (COLE 1971: 128-132)

What are the effect of Social Stratification in learning?

1. The social and Economic status of the family affects the child’s attitudes toward school work.

2. The child coming from a lower class background has less exposure to the influence of mass media.

Researches undertaken in the US seem to indicate the following (COLE 1971: 128-132)

What are the effect of Social Stratification in learning?

3. In most cases, the educational attainment of the child matches the socioeconomic attainment of his family.

Economic Order & Education are dependent with each other.

WHY?

Education, especially one earned inside the SCHOOL (small community/society), is beneficial to the society.

Society, which is the “bigger school”, can help in the development of the education of the people.

IF EITHER FAIL,

BOTH SUFFER.

Van Scotter 1979:124

With the rise of mass education the school functions as an integral part of the process of status allocation in four ways:(1)By providing a context in which the

individual can demonstrate his abilities;(2) by channelling individuals into parts that

lead in the direction of different occupations or class occupations;

(3) by providing the particular skills needed to fulfill the requirements of various positions; and finally

(4) by transferring to the individual the differential prestige of the school itself.

Psychological, Anthropological, and Social Foundations of Education (Foundation of Education 1). Revised Edition II. Alicia Bustos, Ed. D. & Socorro C. Espiritu, Ph. D. ©1996. Katha Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 99-101

The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 6 © 1986 USA. p. 56.

http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/ resources/publications/fact-sheet-references.aspx.

Foundation of Education. Ornstein, Levin, Gutch. Pp. 319-333

Foundations of Meaningful Educational Assessment. Pp. 57-60

References