Ebenezer Howard

Garden Cities of To-morrow

Sean Hufnagel LAND 6040 : Melcher

turn of the 19th century

establish a harmonious relationship between the machine and garden.

Garden City Ten defining parts.

Central Garden circular space containing about five and a half acres, laid out as a beautiful and well- watered garden

Boulevards Six magnificent boulevards--each 120 feet wide--traverse the city from center to circumference, dividing it into six equal parts or wards.

Public Buildings Town hall, principal concert and lecture hall, theatre, library, museum, gallery, and hospital.

Central Park Town hall, principal concert and lecture hall, theatre, library, museum, gallery, and hospital.

Crystal Palace Meandering Shopping, Deliberation, Winter Garden, Pedestrian shelter in rain Circular form brings it near to every dweller in the town--the furthest removed inhabitant being within 600 yards.

Lots 5,500 building lots of an average size of 20 feet x 130 feet -- the minimum space allotted for the purpose being 20 x 100.

Grand Avenue 420 feet wide and forming a belt of green upwards of three miles long, It really constitutes an additional park of 115 acres--a park which is within 240 yards of the furthest removed inhabitant.

Civic Ring Six sites, each of four acres, are occupied by public schools and their surrounding playgrounds and gardens, while other sites are reserved for churches,

Industry Outer ring of the town is factories, warehouses, dairies, markets, coal yards, timber yards, etc.,

Circle Railway Encompasses the whole town, Connectivity to other Garden Cities or other towns.

Agriculture Held by various individuals in

large farms, small holdings,

allotments, cow pastures, etc.

Garden Cities Letchworth England - 1903 Radburn NJ : 1929

"I think Mr. Ebenezer Howard is greatly to be congratulated upon the fact that within

five short years his visionary hopes for tomorrow have become the almost fulfilled

realization of today…The fortunate community living on this estate will rejoice in the

knowledge that the unearned increment which may result from the rents of a population

of 30,000 souls will not go to enrich an individual landowner, but will be spent in such

a way as will tend to refine the lives, ennoble the characters and exalt the minds of all

who reside on the estate." –Letchworth Resident, Earl Grey