Post on 16-Jan-2016
Early GovernmentEarly Government
Democratic RootsDemocratic Roots
Athens and RomeAthens and Rome
Athens:Athens: Republic: Leaders elected by male citizens Republic: Leaders elected by male citizens
(US:______________________________)(US:______________________________) Direct democracy: All male citizens were Direct democracy: All male citizens were
members of the legislative branch called the members of the legislative branch called the Assembly (US: Legislative branch = _______)Assembly (US: Legislative branch = _______)
Jury System: male citizens were chosen in large Jury System: male citizens were chosen in large numbers by lot to serve as jurors to try casesnumbers by lot to serve as jurors to try cases
Salaries for Public Officials: enabled poor Salaries for Public Officials: enabled poor citizens to take part in government service citizens to take part in government service (could leave their jobs)(could leave their jobs)
Athens and RomeAthens and Rome
Rome:Rome: Veto: elected leaders could veto (______) laws Veto: elected leaders could veto (______) laws
passed by the government (checks and passed by the government (checks and balances)balances)
Representative democracy: Citizens chose Representative democracy: Citizens chose other citizens to represent them in the gov’t other citizens to represent them in the gov’t assembliesassemblies
Roman Law (Codified Law): by writing laws Roman Law (Codified Law): by writing laws down (all areas of society) in a orderly manner, down (all areas of society) in a orderly manner, all citizens can know themall citizens can know them
Consistent but flexible, and impartialConsistent but flexible, and impartial
EnlightenmentEnlightenment
1717thth and 18 and 18thth Century Century produced a new way produced a new way of thinking/new of thinking/new philosophies on life philosophies on life and gov’tand gov’t John Locke:John Locke: natural natural
rights (life, liberty, and rights (life, liberty, and property); gov’t gets it’s property); gov’t gets it’s power from the people power from the people (social contract); gov’t (social contract); gov’t could be changed if it could be changed if it doesn’t meet the doesn’t meet the people’s needpeople’s need
EnlightenmentEnlightenment
Voltaire: Natural rights and religious Voltaire: Natural rights and religious freedomfreedom
Montesquieu: Gov’t should have Montesquieu: Gov’t should have limits; separation of powers (3 limits; separation of powers (3 branches: Legislative, Executive, branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial)Judicial)
Rousseau: people give the gov’t it’s Rousseau: people give the gov’t it’s powerpower
Democracies/Republics in the Democracies/Republics in the New WorldNew World
Virginia House of Virginia House of Burgesses: started Burgesses: started in 1619in 1619
11stst such assembly such assembly in Americain America Legislative body Legislative body
elected by the elected by the peoplepeople
Meet once a year in Meet once a year in JamestownJamestown
Elected body was Elected body was called burgessescalled burgesses
Democracies/Republics in the Democracies/Republics in the New WorldNew World
Mayflower Mayflower CompactCompact Signed by males on Signed by males on
the Mayflowerthe Mayflower Needed Needed
organization before organization before Pilgrims formed Pilgrims formed PlymouthPlymouth
Set up a gov’t Set up a gov’t structurestructure
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
Events leading Events leading towards war:towards war: Taxes and Acts:Taxes and Acts:
Sugar ActSugar ActStamp Act (No Stamp Act (No
Taxation without Taxation without Representation)Representation)
Townsend ActTownsend ActBoston MassacreBoston MassacreTea Act (Boston Tea Tea Act (Boston Tea
Party)Party)““Intolerable Acts” Intolerable Acts”
(took away local gov’t)(took away local gov’t)
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
Declaring War:Declaring War: First Continental Congress (1974): met in Philly First Continental Congress (1974): met in Philly
to agree to fight for American rights and liberty to agree to fight for American rights and liberty for the coloniesfor the colonies
Patrick Henry “..give me liberty or give me Patrick Henry “..give me liberty or give me death.”death.”
Declaration of Independence:Declaration of Independence: Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson 1- Reasons for Separation (win public 1- Reasons for Separation (win public
support/propaganda against the king)support/propaganda against the king) 2- Theory of Gov’t (unalienable rights and natural 2- Theory of Gov’t (unalienable rights and natural
rights/ gov’t protects these rights and gets its power rights/ gov’t protects these rights and gets its power from the people)from the people)
3- Declaration of War3- Declaration of War
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution Declaration cont….Declaration cont….
July 2, 1776 > 2July 2, 1776 > 2ndnd Continental Congress met Continental Congress met to vote on Declarationto vote on Declaration
Debated Jefferson’s Debated Jefferson’s document (Jefferson document (Jefferson almost left the convention)almost left the convention)
July 4, 1776 > ratification July 4, 1776 > ratification of Declaration with some of Declaration with some changeschanges
12-0 (New York makes it 12-0 (New York makes it 13-0 on July 15)13-0 on July 15)
August 2, 1776 > signing August 2, 1776 > signing of the Declarationof the Declaration
““we all must hang we all must hang together or we shall hang together or we shall hang separately” -Ben Franklinseparately” -Ben Franklin
Battles of the RevolutionBattles of the Revolution
Lexington and Lexington and Concord (1775) > Concord (1775) > British march to British march to destroy Patriots’ destroy Patriots’ supply of supply of ammunition > Paul ammunition > Paul Revere’s ride > Revere’s ride > “shot heard ‘round “shot heard ‘round the worldthe world
Battles of the RevolutionBattles of the Revolution
Trenton and Trenton and Princeton (1777) > Princeton (1777) > Washington Washington crosses Delaware crosses Delaware River to surprise River to surprise Redcoats > British Redcoats > British withdraw from withdraw from western New Jerseywestern New Jersey
Saratoga (1777) > Saratoga (1777) > turning point of the turning point of the Revolution > patriots’ Revolution > patriots’ stop two offensives by stop two offensives by British > were British > were outnumbered> outnumbered> counterattack and counterattack and force British army to force British army to surrendersurrender
Yorktown (1781) > Yorktown (1781) > official surrender of official surrender of British army ending British army ending RevolutionRevolution