Post on 01-Mar-2020
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
What is Trona?
lTrona is a ore that is mined undergroundlTrona is naturally formed sodium sesquicarbonate
lNa2CO3• NaHCO3•2H2OlGreen River formationlNumerous beds of TronalContain billions of tons of Trona
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Solvay Chemicals Operationsl Solvay Chemicals, Inc. Currently Mines
Trona Ore at an Approximate Depth of 1500’
(457m)l 12’ (3.67m) Thick and
of Very High Qualityl Provide Ore for Many
Yearsl Use Both Longwall
Mining and Bore Miners
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Room and Pillar Mining
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
The Surface Plant
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI)
l “Popcorn Effect”l ...5 to 20 times the original surface area
l 2(Na2CO3• NaHCO3•2H2O) →
3Na2 CO3 + CO2 + 5H2O
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona SEM After Calcination
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSC
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI Chemistry
2(Na2CO3• NaHCO3•2H2O) +3SO3 →3NaSO4 +5H2O + 4CO2
2(Na2CO3• NaHCO3 •2H2O) + 3SO2 → 3Na2SO3 + 4 CO2 + 5H2O
3Na2SO3 + 1.5O2→ 3Na2SO4
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Parameters - Constraints That Affect Sorbent Utilization:
l Sorbent Injection Ratel NSR (Normalized Stoichiometric Ratio)l Sorbent Particle Sizel Sorbent Residence Time In The Flue Gas Streaml Sorbent Penetration And Mixing Within The FlueGas
l Particulate Control Device Usedl Other Acids
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI with Baghouse
SO2 Removal
0%20%40%60%80%100%
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5NSR
% Removal
Trona Soda Ash
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Impact of Particle Size on TronaPerformance @325oF
Effect of Sorbent Size @ NSR 1Source: Solvay Chemicals
0
20
40
60
80
100
11 14 32 65 93
microns
%SO2 Removal
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI @ Baghouse Conditions
l PSD is very important to SO2 Removal Efficiency.
SO2 Removal
00.20.40.60.81
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
NSR
% SO2 R
emoval
T200<38 micron
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Case Study at a Glass Furnace in California
l A Glass Plant Was Having Operational Problems With A Dry Sorbent SOx Mitigation System
l Sodium Bicarbonate Crystals Were Being Milled And Then Dry Injected Into The Duct From The Furnace Just Prior To The Hot Side ESP
l The Perf Plates Would Plug Quickly Causing Frequent Shutdowns
l After XRD And DSC Analyses They Lowered The Injection Temperature By Adding Outside Air.
l The Lower Injection Temperature Delayed The Pluggage By Several Days But Did Not Solve The Problem
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
ESP Perf Plates Using Sodium Bicarbonate >700oF
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Perf Plates Using Sodium Bicarbonate at 550oF
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Sodium Sulphate III
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Case Study at a Glass Plant in California (continued)
l The Glass Company Decided To Test Tronal T200 Performed Much Better At The >700oF Injection Temperature Rangel Higher SOx Removalsl Higher Utilization Efficiencyl Air Cooling At The Injection Point Is Not Necessaryl Milling T200 Had Only A 5% Utilization Efficiency Improvement Over Sodium Bicarbonate
l No Plugging Occurred
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI
SO2 Removal w/ Trona @ Glass Plant
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1.051.051.191.401.501.501.501.501.501.501.501.502.74
NSR
SO2 Removal
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI
SOx Removal w/ Trona @ Glass Plant
50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%
530 550 700 700 710 710 720 725 750 750 750 805 805o F
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Perf Plate Before Hot Side of ESP in Previous Slide After Two Weeks of T200 DSI and still
“clean as a whistle”
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Test Data, continuedFigure 5:
Gavin Unit 2: SO3 Reduction Lime and Trona Data: SCR Out of Service
0%10%20%
30%40%50%60%70%
80%90%100%
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0Moles Sorbent : Moles SO3
% SO3 Reduction Measured at ESP
Outlet
Trona - No ESP Conditioning
Trona ESP Conditioned
Lime
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Trona DSI Benefits
l High Removals With Low Cost Positionl Low Initial Capitall Low Sorbent Costl High SOx Removal
l Saved The Glass Plant $$$/Ton Of SOx Removal Costs Via SBC
l Milling Improved T200 SOx Removal Efficiency By 5 - 10%
l Spent Sorbent And Unused Sorbent Can Be Sent Back To Furnace
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Typical Trona DSI Loading/Storage System
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI)
l Dry Sorbent Injection Of T200 Is A Very Cost Effective Way To Mitigate Acid Gas Emissions. l Low Capitall Does Not Require Heating Of Tanks Or Linesl Requires Few Mechanical Partsl Compatible With ESPs, Baghouses And Most Wet Scrubbers
l Will React With Acid Gases Over A Wide Temperature Range (2750F - 18000F)
l Trona Sorbent Specifically Designed To Be Used For Neutralization Of Acid Gases That Can Be In Emissions From Boilers, Kilns, Combustors, Furnaces And Incinerators.
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
DSI of Trona
l Because Of The Positive Effect Sodium Has On The Resistivity Of Particles It Is Not Detrimental To The Operation Of An ESP And Can Actually Enhance It’s Operation
l Trona Will Act As A Precoat On Baghouse Filter Media
l Trona for DSI is A Fine (D50 30-35µ) Material That Can Be Easily Aerated For Pneumatic Transfer
l Trona for DSI Can Be Used As Is Or Milled To A Smaller Size.
Copyright 2006, Solvay America, Inc.Solvay Chemicals, Inc. John Maziuk
The End