Post on 10-Apr-2015
description
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StimulantsChapters 4, 12, 14
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Objectives• To provide information about stimulants
• To assist students in understanding consequences of stimulant use
• To assist students in understanding drug interactions
• To educate students about the symptoms of toxicity, overdose and withdrawal
• To motivate students to make informed choices about stimulant use
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Introduction
• Stimulants are drugs that act to “wake up” the fight or flight reaction from the sympathetic nervous system.
• Stimulants can be found in everything from food and drink to over the counter medication to prescriptions and illicit drugs.
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Description/terms
• Amphetamines Stimulant Fact Sheet
• Caffeine Caffeine Facts
• Decongestants Overview of Decongestants (i.e. Sudafed)
• Methamphetamines Methamphetamine Online Reading
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Terms cont…
• Ritalin/Adderall
– Ritalin
– Ritalin Part II
– Adderall
• Cocaine: Cocaine Overview
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Amphetamines
• Methamphetamine WebCast
• Methamphetamine Quick Reference
• Methamphetamine Technical Information
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Cocaine
• Cocaine Overview
• Cocaine Technical Information
• Cocaine WebCast
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Metabolism/ Tolerance
• Regular use of amphetamines induces tolerance to some effects,
• The most common symptoms of withdrawal among heavy amphetamine users are fatigue, long but troubled sleep, irritability, intense hunger, and moderate to severe depression, fits of violence
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Effects and Symptoms of Toxicity
• Increased heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism; feelings of exhilaration, energy, increased mental alertness /rapid or irregular heart beat; reduced appetite, weight loss, heart failure, nervousness, insomnia
• Also, for amphetamine—rapid breathing/ tremor, loss of coordination; irritability, anxiousness, restlessness, delirium, panic, paranoia, impulsive behavior, aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction, psychosis
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Toxicity cont…
• For cocaine—increased temperature/chest pain, respiratory failure, nausea, abdominal pain, strokes, seizures, headaches, malnutrition, panic attacks
• For MDMA—mild hallucinogenic effects, increased tactile sensitivity, empathic feelings/impaired memory and learning, hyperthermia, cardiac toxicity, renal failure, liver toxicity
• For methamphetamine—aggression, violence, psychotic behavior/memory loss, cardiac and neurological damage; impaired memory and learning, tolerance, addiction
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Issues in Pregnancy
• March of Dimes Report on Stimulants and Pregnancy
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Effects on Sports Performance
• Caffeine in Athletics by Jack Hartley
• Herbal Supplements and Sport Performance
• ESPN Drugs and Sports
• Drug Free Sport--NCAA
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Rumors and Myths
MYTH:Stimulants are safe for anyone to take because they are a prescription medication.
FACT: Stimulant medications are only to be taken by the person to whom it was prescribed as prescribed by qualified healthcare professionals.
MYTH: Stimulants are addictive.
FACT: There is no evidence to suggest that people taking stimulant medications as prescribed become addicted to the medications
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Additional Resources• Cocaine & the Concept of Addiction by S. Peele, Ph.D. & R.
J. DeGrandpre (Addiction Research in press)
• Jamaican Chocolate by Dr. R. J. Lancashire
• Researchers learn how Ritalin works to calm hyperactivity (CNN 1/14/99)
• Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Child With Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (American Academy of Pediatrics 5/2000)
• Evidence and belief in ADHD by M. Zwi, P. Ramchandani, & C. Joughin (BMJ 2000;321:975-976)
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Resources cont…
• FDA Clears Use of Adderall for Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (Doctors Guide 2/21/96)
• Recreational Ritalin by N. Ziegler (AP 5/5/2000)
• NICE issues new guidelines on Ritalin by R. Dobson (BMJ 2000;321:1100)
• Study Suggests Tailoring ADHD Treatment (Science Daily Magazine 2/4/2000)
• US parents sue psychiatrists for promoting Ritalin by F. Charatan (BMJ 2000;321:723)
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Summary
• Overview: Online Methamphetamine Reading
• Responsible use
– Do not mix decongestants with other stimulants including caffeine
– Drink plenty of fluid to prevent dehydration from decongestants
– Try non-drug alternatives first
– Take prescriptions as prescribed