DNB PEDIATRICS THEORY QUESTION BANK (UPDATED TILL JUNE 2012)
Transcript of DNB PEDIATRICS THEORY QUESTION BANK (UPDATED TILL JUNE 2012)
1. DNB PEDIATRICS THEORY QUESTION BANK (UPDATED TILL JUNE
2012)DR KAUSIK SUR / Updated by DR. NOELLA PEREIRA JOHND.C.H, DNB
D.C.H. (Mumbai)ASSISTANT PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF
PEDIATRICSVIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCESKOLKATAe-mail-
kausiksur@gmail.comHOW TO INTERPRET THE QUESTIONS: 1. Questions are
divided based on Chapters of Nelsons Textbook of Pediatrics 2.
Questions contain two numbers at the end. Numbers within bracket
indicates the year. For example (97/1)- 97 means year 1997 1 means
June (2 means December) Thus (06/1) means June 2006 3. Number at
the end of the question(not within bracket) indicates marks
2. 1 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Approach to a child with Delayed
Speech (02/1) 15 2. Discuss the causes and approach to a Preschool
child with Developmental Regression (02/1) 25 3. Growth Monitoring
(98/1) 15 4. What are the developmental disorders in preschool
years? Discuss the management (97/1) 15 5. Velocity and
cross-sectional standards as applied to Human Growth (95/2) 15 6.
Discuss the basis for use of Growth Standards. What should be taken
as a reasonable approach for India (94/2) 25 7. Principles of
Growth and Development (00/1) 15 8. Importance of Bone age
assessment in children 15 9. Growth Factors (99/1) 15 10. Sexual
Maturity Rating in female adolescents (95/2) 15 11. Describe the
events of sexual development in relation to physical growth. Name
the most important regulatory factors (94) 25 12. Gessel
Developmental schedule (93/1) 15 13. Define Growth, Development,
Velocity of growth mean, median, percentiles. Enumerate causes of
retarded growth. Briefly outline a schedule for investigation of
such a case (92/2) 25 14. Factors affecting Development of children
(92) 15 15. SMR (03/2) 16. What is SMR? Discuss the secular trend
in Children (05/2) 5+5 17. How would you assess sexual maturity of
a female adolescent (06) 10 18. Factors affecting Adolescent health
and development (06) 10 19. Write the height velocity curves of
girls and boys from birth to adolescence, describe the principles
and factors governing the growth and development in children (06)
10 20. Approach to a child with short stature (06/1) (07/2) 10 21.
Bone age assessment and its usefulness (07/2) 10 22. Growth and
development in second year of life in children (07/1) 10 23.
Outline the basic principles of sleep hygiene for children and
adolescents (09/1) 10 (12/1) 5+5 24. Describe: (09/2) 5+5 a)
Factors affecting child development b) Developmental screening
tests available and suitable for use in Indian children. 25.
Developmental milestones in first two years of life. (10/1) 10 26.
Outline the fine motor milestones along with their normal age of
achievement in sequence attained between birth and 5 years of age.
(10/2) 10 27. Discuss the evolution and characteristics of WHO
growth charts. Discuss their implications on the magnitude of
malnutrition in Indian setting. (11/1) 3+4+3 28. Enumerate the
available methods and indications for determination of bone
3. age in children and adolescents. Outline the differential
diagnosis of a child with short stature on the basis of bone age.
(11/1) 3+3+4 29. Describe Tanners Sexual Maturity Rating (pubertal
staging) in boys based on a) Genitalia and b) Pubic hair
development. (11/2) 5+5 30. Describe in detail the physical growth
and development in all domains from birth till completion of first
year. (11/2) 5+5 31. What is developmental delay? Describe
different tools used for screening of developmental delay. (11/2)
3+7 32. Define growth velocity. Draw a typical height velocity
curve from birth to puberty for boys and girls. Discuss the utility
of determining growth velocity. (12/1) 2+4+4 33. What is
developmental screening? Enumerate common developmental screening
test. What issues they identify in a child? (12/1) 2+4+42
PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERSPSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS 1. Management of
Conversion reactions (98/1) 15VEGETATIVE DISORDER 1. Sleep
Disorders in children (99/2) 10 2. Encopresis (99/2) 15 3. What is
Vegetative Disorder (05) 5 4. What is vegetative disorder? Discuss
management of a child with injuries (05) 5+5 5. Rumination (06/1) 5
6. Pica (07/1) 5HABIT DISORDER 1. Habit Disorders in children
(07/1) 10MOOD DISORDER 1. Childhood Depression (06) 10DISRUPTIVE
BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS 1. Common Behavioral problems in children
(97/2) 15PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND CHILDHOODPSYCHOSIS 1.
Autism (03/2) 15 2. Define autism. Outline its etiology. Outline
the clinical markers of autism and its prognosis. (04/2) 2+3+3+2 3.
Discuss the management of a child with schizophrenia (04/2) 5 4.
Autistic spectrum disorder (07/2) 10
4. 5. Autistic Disorder (07/1) 10 6. Etiology, clinical
manifestations and treatment of Autistic Disorder (06/1) 10 7.
Discuss the management of a child with Schizophrenia (05) 5 8.
Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations and management of
autistic spectrum disorders in children. (09/2) 2+3+5 9. Discuss
briefly the diagnostic features and management of Pervasive
Developmental Disorders/ autistic spectrum disorders. (11/2) 4+6
10. Enumerate various pervasive developmental disorders and autism
spectrum disorders. Outline one core feature of each of them.
(12/1) 5+5NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE SCHOOL AGED CHILD
1. Attention Deficit Disorders (97/1) (95/2) (00/1) 15 2. ADHD
(03/1) 15 3. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and
management of ADHA (06) 10MISCELLANEOUS 1. Juvenile Delinquency
(06/1) 53 SOCIAL ISSUES, CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDSFAILURE
TO THRIVE 1. Causes of Failure to Thrive in infancy (96/2) 15 2.
Approach to a child with Failure To Thrive (96/1) 14 3. Define
failure to thrive. Outline a diagnostic approach for a child with
failure to thrive. (04/2) 2+8 4. Non organic failure to thrive
(07/1) 10 5. Define failure to thrive. Give its etiology,
classification, clinical features and management. (09/2) 1+2+2+2+3
6. Define failure to thrive and tabulate its causes. Outline the
approach to manage a child with failure to thrive. (10/2)
2+3+5ADOPTION 1. Adoption (03/2)CHILD ABUSE 1. Define child abuse.
List the etiology of child abuse in India. Outline strategies for
prevention. (04/2) 2. Discuss Child maltreatment. What are the
factors related with child abuse (05) 5+5
5. 3. Define Child Abuse. Describe clinical manifestations of
Child Abuse. Discuss some useful investigations in a suspected case
of Child Abuse (06) 10 4. Management of the sex abused child (95/2)
15 5. Define child abuse. Describe in brief the factors responsible
for child abuse. Outline management of a child who is suspected of
being abused. (11/1) 2+3+5 6. Define child abuse and neglect.
Discuss various clinical manifestations, diagnostic work up and
management of physical abuse. (11/2) 2+3+2+3 7. Write short notes
on : (09/2) 5+5 a. Female infanticide b. KaryotypingMENTAL
RETARDATION 1. Preventable and treatable causes of Mental
retardation (96/2) 10 2. Various physical features that are likely
to be associated with specific syndromes of mental retardation
(95/2) 10 3. Enumerate the causes of mental retardation in
children. Give an outline of management of a child with mental
retardation. (10/1) 4+64 NUTRITIONPEM 1. Immunological changes that
take place in PEM (98/2) 10 2. Biochemical changes in PEM (96/2) 10
3. Discuss the influences of malnutrition on mental functions in
relation to its onset, severity and type of functional losses with
supportive advances (93/1) 25 4. Prevention of hypocalcaemia in PEM
(93/1) 15 5. Age independent Anthropometric criteria for assessment
of PEM (06) 5 6. Management of a 4 year old child with grade 4 PEM
(07/2) 10 7. Outline the initial management ( in first 48 hours) of
a 2 year old severely malnourished child (weight 5.5kg) who is cold
to touch and has edema and poor peripheral pulses. (08/1) 10 8.
Discuss biochemical and metabolic derangements in a child with
severe malnutrition. Discuss factors associated with high mortality
in severe PEM. (08/2) 10 9. Outline the 10 steps of management of
severe malnutrition, as per WHO guidelines, in appropriate
sequence. (10/2) 10 10. Define Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM).
Outline the tools for its diagnosis in the community and discuss
their merits/ demerits. (12/1) 2+4+4
6. VIT A 1. Hazards and virtues of Vitamin A in pediatric
practice (96/2) 10 2. Vitamin A supplementation (07/1) 5 3.
Enumerate functions of vitamin A in human body. Tabulate the WHO
classification of vitamin A defiency. Outline the treatment
schedule for managing Xerophthalmia in children. (10/2) 2+3+5VIT B
1. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and
management of cobalamine deficiency. (12/1) 2+3+1+4VIT D 1.
Functions of vitamin D (98/2) 10 2. Renal Rickets (97/2) 15 3.
Vitamin D Resistant Rickets (96/2) 12 4. Resistant Rickets 15 5.
Outline the metabolism and function of Vitamin D in human body.
Describe in detail the etiology and pathological changes in rickets
(99/2) 25 6. Clinical manifestations of Rickets (93/2) 10 7. What
are the causes of non nutritional rickets. How will you manage such
a child. (04/2) 3+7 8. Classify the various causes of rickets and
outline how to differentiate them (05) 5+5 9. Diagnostic approach
to a child with resistant rickets (06) 10 10. Resistant Rickets
(06/1) 10 11. Discuss calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Outline an
approach to a case of Resistant Rickets (07/1) 10 12. Discuss the
pathophysiological basis of clinical and radiological
manifestations of nutritional rickets. (09/1) 10 13. Describe
vitamin D metabolism. Describe diagnostic approach to a 3 year old
child with rickets who has shown no response to treatment with 6
lac I.U. of vitamin D. (09/2) 4+6 14. Outline the clinical
features, radiological changes, diagnosis and treatment of
nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets (10/2) 2+2+2+4 15. Write
in brief the role of vitamin D in health and disease in children.
Outline the management of Vitamin D deficiency disorder. (12/1)
6+4VIT C 1. Scurvy- radiological changes. How are they produced?
What is the role of Blood Level of Vit C in the diagnosis (05)
10VIT E 1. Enumerate the functions and therapeutic uses of Vit E
(98/1) 15 2. Vitamin E and its role in human nutrition (92/2)
15VITAMINS 1. Hypervitaminosis in Children (96/1) 12
7. COPPER 1. What are the dietary sources of copper? What are
the diseases associated with abnormal copper metabolism? Describe
investigations, clinical features and treatment of any one of them.
(09/2) 1+2+7ZINC 1. Effects of Zinc supplementation in persistent
diarrhea (98/2) 10 2. Role of Zinc in health and diseases of
children (97/1) 10 3. Relevance of Zinc in human nutrition (92) 15
4. Give dietary requirements of Zinc in children and discuss its
role in childhood immunity and infections (07/1) 10 5. Write short
notes on: Zinc supplementation when and how? (11/2) 5MAGNESIUM 1.
Sources, deficiency state and uses of magnesium in children. (10/1)
3+3+4MILK 1. Bioactive factors in Human Milk (98/1) 15 2.
Differences in the composition of Milk secreted by mothers
delivering Term and Preterm babies (96/2) 10 3. Discuss the
physiology of Breast Milk secretion and advantages of breast
feeding with special reference to metabolic aspects. What are the
causes of lactation failure (99/1) 25 4. Anti-infective properties
of Human milk (95/2) 10 5. Enlist the problems of breastfeeding and
outline the management of the same(05) 4+6 6. Explain the
occurrence of low prevalence of Hypoglycemia and iron deficiency
anemia in breast fed infants (05) 10 7. How would you assess the
adequacy of breast milk for a 2 months old baby. Enumerate 4
features of good attachment of a baby to the breast. What can be
the problems with poor attachment (06) 10 8. Compare the
composition of human milk with cows milk. Outline the difference in
the milk composition of a mother with a premature neonate from that
of a term neonate. Describe the immunological factors present in
human milk. (08/2) 10IODINE 1. Prevention of Iodine deficiency
(95/1) 15FLUORINE 1. Prevention of Fluoride toxicity (95/1)
15OBESITY 1. Approach to a child with obesity (99/1) 15
8. 2. Define obesity in childhood. List the causes of obesity
in children. Outline strategies for its prevention. (04/2) 2+3+5 3.
What is Obesity? Discuss the management in children (05) 3+7 4.
Approach to a child with Obesity (06/1) (07/2) 10 5. Outline the
diagnostic measures and clinical manifestations of obesity. Enlist
the differential diagnosis of childhood obesity. (09/2) 2+3+5 6.
Define syndrome X. Outline the diagnostic criteria and laboratory
work up for obese children. (10/1) 2+3+5 7. Define obesity. List
causes of obesity. Discuss approach to a child with obesity. (11/1)
2+3+5MISCELLANEOUS 1. Metabolism of fat absorption along with role
of MCT in nutrition (03/1) 15 2. What is Complimentary Feeding?
Discuss the feeding problems in first year of life (05) 5+5 3. How
would you assess the nutritional status of a child whose age is not
known (05) 10 4. Describe the attributes of complimentary feeding.
What is the safe age of introduction of complementary feeding in
your opinion Justify. Describe some foods appropriate for
complimentary feeding. (08/2) 10 5. Daily nutritional requirements
as recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) in infants and children.
(10/1) 5+5 6. Define complimentary feeding. Outline the attributes
of complimentary foods. Enumerate the recommendations on
complimentary feeding, as per the National guidelines on Infant and
Young Child Feeding (IYCF) (10/2) 2+2+6 7. Name the micronutrients
required for various body functions. Discuss briefly their dietary
sources and the effects of deficiency of mineral micronutrients
(trace elements). (11/2) 3+2+5 8. Outline the nutritional support
of a critically ill child. List the complications during management
of such a child. (12/1) 7+35 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS AND
FLUIDTHERAPY ACUTELY ILL CHULDSHOCK 1. How do you classify Shock in
children? Write its aetiopathogenesis and management (06) 10 2.
Discuss the classification and causes of shock in children (97/1)
15 3. Management of Cardiogenic shock (96/1) 12 4. Define Shock.
Describe the pathophysiology and management of septic shock in
children (94/2) 25 (04/2) 5+5
9. 5. Shock-pathogenesis of different types and pathological
changes in different organs (03/1) 25 6. Discuss the management of
an infant with Shock (00/1) 25 7. Discuss the pathophysiology of
cardiogenic shock. How are the various hemodynamic parameters
affected in cardiogenic shock? Discuss steps in monitoring and
treatment of cardiogenic shock. (08/2) 10 8. Define fluid
refractory shock. Describe the management strategy for a 2 year old
child with fluid refractory shock. (10/1) 3+7 9. Define septic
shock. Describe the etiopathogenesis and clinical features in a 15
month old child presenting with septic shock. (11/2) 2+4+4POTASSIUM
1. List the causes of Hypokalemia. Discuss the clinical features,
laboratory diagnosis and management of Hypokalemia (06) 10 2.
Define hypokalemia. Enlist its causes and outline clinical features
and its treatment (09/2) 1+3+2+4SODIUM 1. List the causes of
Hyponatremia. Discuss the clinical features, lab diagnosis and
management of Hyponatremia (05) 3+4+3 2. Enumerate common causes of
Hyponatremia (06) 5 3. Define hypernatremia. Describe the
pathophysiological changes and steps of management of
hypernatremia. (10/1) 2+4+4 4. Define hyponatremia. Enumerate the
etiology of hyponatremia. Describe the management of hypovolemic
hyponatremia. (10/2) 2+3+5 5. Define hypernatremia. Enumerate the
etiology of hypernatremia. Describe the management of hypernatremic
dehydration. (11/1) 3+4+3ACID-BASE BALANCE 1. Anion Gap (98/2)
(00/1) 10 2. Describe briefly how the acid-base balance of body is
maintained in health (98/1) 25 3. Physiological compensatory
mechanisms during Metabolic Acidosis (97/1) 15 4. Define pH and
base excess. Discuss briefly regulation of Acid-base homeostasis
and management of Respiratory Acidosis (93/1) 15 5. Pathophysiology
of Acid-base disorders (03/1) 15 6. Anion Gap (03/2) 15 7. Define
anion gap and its utility. Outline the major causes of metabolic
acidosis in children. Outline the treatment of renal tubular
acidosis. (04/2) 2+4+4 8. Outline the normal mechanism of acid-base
regulation in children. What is anion-gap? Describe the causes and
management of a child with metabolic acidosis (07/2) 10
10. 9. List the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Describe the
pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment. (08/2) 10 10.
Classify metabolic acidosis based on anion gap. Mention the various
causes of lactic acidosis. Describe the approach to diagnosis of
inborn error of metabolism in an infant. (08/2) 10 11. Classify and
enlist the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Outline the treatment
modalities. (10/1) 3+3+4 12. Define anion gap. Enlist causes of
increased anion gap acidosis and discuss its management in brief.
(11/1) 2+3+5DEHYDRATION 1. Steps in management of patient with
Hypernatremic Dehydration (06) 10 2. Management of Hypernatremic
Dehydration (02/1) 15 3. Management of Acute Diarrhea in children
(98/1) 15 4. Pathogenesis and Management of Hypernatremic
Dehydration (97/2) 15 5. One year old infant with AGE develops
Abdominal Distension. Discuss the differential diagnosis (97/1) 10
6. Why children are more vulnerable to develop dehydration (96/2)
10 7. Hypernatremic Dehydration (03/1) 15 8. Hyponatremic
Dehydration (03/2) 15 9. A one year old infant weighing 5.5kg
presents with Acute Dysentery and severe dehydration. Discuss its
complete management (06/1) 10 10. A one year old baby weighing
5.5kg comes in severe dehydration. Discuss complete management
(07/2) 10 11. Discuss causes, predisposing factors and
pathophysiology of Hypernatremic dehydration in young children
(07/1) 10 12. Describe the pathophysiology of hyponatremic
dehydration. Briefly discuss the management of a child with serum
sodium of 110 meq/liter presenting with moderate dehydration and
seizures. (08/2) 106 ACUTELY ILL CHILDDROWNING 1. Near drowning in
children (06) 10 2. An 18 month old child was brought to you after
he fell upside down in a tub filled with water. Briefly describe
the possible injuries and preventive strategies to avoid similar
situation in future. (08/1) 10 3. Describe the pathogenetic
mechanism of injury in near drowning. Discuss the steps of initial
resuscitation and subsequent hospital management. (08/2) 10 4.
Discuss the pathophysiology of submersion injury. A 4 year old boy
was rescued 10 min back from a pond and rushed to the hospital
emergency. Mention the basic principles of management. (12/1)
5+5
11. PAIN 1. Pathogenesis and management of pain in children
(06) 10 2. Pain management in infants and children (98/1) 15 3.
Enumerate various sedatives and analgesics recommended for children
undergoing painful procedures. Describe their main action,
indication in pediatric practice and important side effects in a
tabular format. (08/1) 10 4. Write short notes: (12/1) 5+5
a)Non-pharmacological methods in pain management. b) Drug therapy
in neonatal pain management.BURN 1. How is the degree of Burns
classified? Write the initial fluid therapy for a one year old
child weighing 10 kg with 20% 2ND degree burns (06) 10 2. Provide
classification of burns injury. Describe the clinical manifestation
of electrical burns. Outline emergency management of a child with
20% burns. (11/2) 2+3+5COLD INJURIES 1. Cold Injury (07/1) 10BRAIN
DEATH 1. Brain Death (98/1) (99/2) 15 2. Define Brain Death. Write
age specific criteria for Brain Death in children. (11/2)
2+8P.A.L.S. 1. Draw an algorithm for managing pulseless ventricular
tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. (08/1) 10 2. How will you
assess that a 10 year old child who has fallen unconscious in front
of you required basic life support. What are the steps for basic
life support to such a child (as per American Heart Association
Guidelines for CPR) (09/1) 3+7MECHANICAL VENTILATION 1. Describe
the various pressures which are used or varied during mechanical
ventilation. What is Cycling and Control in mechanical ventilator?
Describe the differences in pressure controlled and volume
controlled ventilation. Illustrate with suitable indication use of
these forms of ventilation. (08/2) 107 GENETICS 1. Genetic
counseling of a case of Down Syndrome (99/1) 15 2. Early
stimulation in Down syndrome (92/2) 15 3. Prenatal diagnosis of
Down syndrome and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 15
12. 4. Gene Therapy in Children (06/1) 10 5. Gene therapy
(07/1) 5 6. Enumerate and describe the structural abnormalities of
autosomes. Illustrate with suitable examples. (08/1) 10 7. What are
trisomies? What are predisposing factors? Discuss clinical features
of 3 common trisomies seen in clinical practice? (08/1) 10 8.
Describe the symbols used in pedigree chart. Draw pedigree charts
over 4 generations depicting a) X linked dominant disease b) X
linked recessive disease. 9. Briefly discuss the principles of
genetic counseling. Outline the counseling of a family with a child
with Downs syndrome. (04/2) 5+5 10. A couple has a child with Down
Syndrome. Outline the principles of genetic counseling and
antenatal management for the subsequent pregnancy.(09/1)10 11.
Write a short note: Karyotyping (09/2) 5 12. What are mutations?
Describe their consequences. (10/1) 5+5 13. Discuss the genotypic
and phenotypic features of Turners syndrome (11/1) 4+6 14. What are
mitochondrial genes? How are they transmitted? Briefly discuss
diseases transmitted by them? (11/2) 2+2+68 METABOLIC DISEASES 1.
Screening tests for Inborn Errors Of Metabolism (96/2) 10 2.
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (96/1) 12 3. Homocysteinuria (94/2) 15
4. Discuss the diet plan in various metabolic disorders (99/1) 15
5. Write briefly about glucose metabolism in body. Describe briefly
glycogen storage disorders. (04/2) 4+6 6. Laboratory Screening
tests for metabolic Disorders (06/1) 10 7. Provide a diagrammatic
representation of urea cycle. Indicate and name related disorders
of urea cycle metabolism at each step. (08/1) 10 8. Discuss the
enzymes replacement therapy and substrate reduction strategies in
management of metabolic disease. (08/2) 10 9. Enlist the inborn
errors of metabolism (IEM) with their associated peculiar odor.
Provide the investigative approach for an infant with suspected
IEM. Describe the treatment of phenylketonuria. (09/2) 4+4+2 10.
Define hypoglycemia. Describe clinical features and management of
hypoglycemia in newborn and children. (11/2) 1+4+5
13. 9 NEONATOLOGYRESPIRATORY DISTRESS 1. Describe the surgical
causes of Respiratory difficulty in newborn (02/1) 25 2. Surfactant
therapy (98/2) 10 3. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome(97/2) 15 4. BPD
(97/1) 15 5. Surfactant therapy for HMD 15 6. Tests for pulmonary
maturity and surfactant therapy for RDS (94/2) 15 7. Discuss RDS
with special reference to surfactant therapy (98/2) 15 8. Discuss
the pathogenesis and management of MAS (00/1) 25 9. Pathophysiology
of RDS of newborn (94) 15 10. HMD- pathophysiology and management
(03/1) 25 11. List the causes of respiratory distress in preterms.
Outline the principles of surfactant therapy in preterms. Outline
the manifestations of oxygen therapy in newborns. (04/2) 2+4+4 12.
What is the etiopathogenesis of PPHN of Newborn. Outline the
diagnosis and management (05) 3+3+4 13. Describe in brief PPHN (or
PFC) with regard to Pathology, pathophysiology, Diagnosis and
management (94/2) 25 14. What is the sequence of events leading to
the first breath after delivery? What is the significance of
establishment of Functional Residual Capacity? (06) 10 15.
Etiology, pathogenesis and management of a neonate with RDS (06/1)
10 16. PPHN (06/1) 10 17. Briefly discuss normal fetal development
of Surfactant. List the uses of Surfactant in newborn (07/2) 10 18.
Discuss the diagnosis and management of PPHN (07/2) 19. Enumerate
causes of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates and discuss
its pathophysiology. (08/1) 10 20. Discuss the approach to
diagnosis of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN).
Outline the available modalities of management, highlighting their
key features in a tabular format. (10/2) 4+6 21. Discuss the
pathophysiology of hyaline membrane disease in premature newborns.
(10/2) 10 22. Describe the pathophysiology of hyaline membrane
disease (HMD) in newborns. Outline important available strategies
to prevent HMD. (11/1) 5+5SURGICAL 1. Enumerate congenital
anomalies presenting as severe respiratory distress in a newborn.
Describe the pre-operative and post operative care of a neonate
with tracheo esophageal fistula. (10/1) 4+3+3 2. Enumerate causes
of persistent vomiting in a 4 week old child. Describe clinical
features and management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. (12/1)
3+3+4
14. RESUCITATION 1. How do you assign APGAR score to a neonate.
In which 5 conditions will you get a low score without associated
hypoxia? What are fallacies of APGAR score. (06) 10 2. A term baby
is apnoeic. What information of the perinatal events you would like
to know? What are the initial steps of management in the labor
room? What are the possible complications in the next 48 hours?
(08/2) 10 3. Describe the changes taking place in circulation at
birth and their implications in neonatal resuscitation. (09/1) 5+5
4. Enumerate the newer recommendations of neonatal resuscitation by
American Academy of Pediatrics 2010 guidelines. Comment on the
level of evidence for each of the changes. (12/1) 6+4BIRTH ASPHYXIA
1. Perinatal asphyxia- clinical features and management (02/1) 15
2. HIE (97/2) 15 3. Clinical and laboratory correlates of
neuromotor outcome in Birth Asphyxia (97/1) 10 4. Discuss the
etiopathology and management of birth asphyxia (96/2) 25 5. HIE in
newborn (95/1) 10 6. Discuss briefly pathophysiology and recent
modalities of management of HIE (99/2) 25 7. HIE (93/1) (92/2) 15
8. Prognosis of Birth Asphyxia (93/1) 10 9. What are the
etiological causes of Fetal Hypoxia? Write pathophysiology of Fetal
Hypoxia. Describe stages of HIE (06) 10 10. Pathophysiology of
Hypoxic Brain injury in neonate (06/1) 10 11. Discuss the
pathophysiology of hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in
neonates. (09/1) 10NEONATAL SEIZURES 1. Etiopathogenesis of
neonatal seizures (02/1) 15 2. Management of Resistant Neonatal
Seizure (03/2) 15 3. Classify neonatal seizures. Outline their
etiology and provide a brief clinical description. Provide general
principles of management of a seizure in neonate. (12/1) 2+2+3+3IVH
1. IVH (3/1) 15 2. Outline the risk factors, pathophysiology and
principles of management of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm
neonates. (10/2) 3+3+4
15. 3. Discuss the pathogenesis of intracranial hemorrhage in
newborn infants. Outline the possible promoters and protectors for
occurrence of subsequent white matter disease. (12/1) 6+2+2PAIN 1.
Discuss the impact of pain on a preterm neonate. Identify common
procedures associated with pain in a newborn. Describe the
strategies for pain management in a newborn. (08/2) 10 2. Write
short notes: (12/1) 5+5 a)Non-pharmacological methods in pain
management. b) Drug therapy in neonatal pain management.NEONATAL
HYPOGLYCEMIA 1. Management of neonatal hypoglycemia (98/2) (92/2)
10 2. Define Hypoglycemia in newborn. List its causes. Describe
stepwise treatment if hypoglycemia in a newborn (06) 10TEMPERATURE
1. Thermal regulation in newborn (98/2) 10 2. Hypothermia in the
newborn (97/1) 15 3. Thermoregulation peculiarities in newborn
(94/2) 15 4. Prevention of Hypothermia in the newborn (98/2) 15 5.
Physiological and biochemical consequences of Hypothermia in
Neonate3 (99/1) 15 6. Thermal balance in Neonates (03/2) 15 7.
Discuss management of Neonatal Hypothermia (06) 5 8. Write the
components, pre-requisites and benefits of Kangaroo Mother care.
(08/2) 10 , (11/2) 5+2+3 9. Discuss the principles of care of the
skin in neonates. Outline the role of touch and massage therapy in
newborn infants. (10/2) 4+3+3ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS 1. Antenatal
Diagnosis (98/2) 10 2. Discuss the methods of detection of
congenital malformations in the fetus and their prevention (95/1)
25 3. Intrauterine Diagnosis (93/2) 10 4. Amniocentesis in prenatal
diagnosis (92) 15 5. Methods to diagnose fetal disorder. Fetal
medical therapy (05) 5+5 6. List various methods for Fetal
diagnosis and assessment along with indications (06) 5 7. Prenatal
Diagnosis and Fetal therapy (06/1) 10 8. Medical management of
Fetal Problems (07/2) 10 9. Treatment and prevention of fetal
diseases (07/1) 10 10. What are the methods of diagnosis of fetal
disorders? Describe the fetal medical and surgical therapeutic
options for various fetal disorders. (09/2) 10
16. FETUS 1. Describe in detail tests for antepartum and
intrapartum monitoring of fetal distress (06) 5 2. Fetal monitoring
(06) 10 3. Discuss the complications in the fetus and newborn of a
mother with diabetes during pregnancy. (08/1) 10RENAL 1. Kidney
functions in neonate (98/2) (99/2) 10INFECTIONS 1. Infection
control in neonatal intensive care (98/2) 10 2. Congenital
toxoplasmosis (97/2) 15 3. Infants of HIV seropositive mothers
(95/1) 15 4. Infants of HBV seropositive mothers (95/1) 15 5. Early
diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia (94/2) 15 6. Newer modalities in
the management of neonatal sepsis (99/2) 15 7. Screening tests for
neonatal sepsis 15 8. Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of
Hep B 15 9. Rapid diagnostic tests in a suspected case of Neonatal
Septicemia (95/2) 10 10. Sepsis Screen in neonates (06/1) 10 11.
Antibiotic treatment of Neonatal Meningitis (93/2) 10 12.
Candidiasis in Neonates (06) 10 13. Adjuvant therapy in Neonatal
sepsis (06) 10 14. Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal sepsis (07/1)
10 15. Discuss various adjunct therapies in neonatal sepsis. (08/1)
10 16. Discuss the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV
infection and methods to prevent parent to child transmission of
HIV. (09/1) 4+6 17. Discuss the predisposing factors, causative
agents, methods of diagnosis and treatment of neonatal
osteomyelitis. (09/1) 4+6 18. A 3 day old home delivered boy
(Weight 1450g, Gestation 36 wk) is brought to you with abnormal
body movements and not accepting feeds. The child is cold to touch
and capillary filling time is 5 sec. outline the immediate, short
term and long term management of this child. (09/1) 4+6 19.
Enumerate the clinical features that indicate presence of a
possible intra -uterine infection in a neonate. Describe the
interpretation of TORCH screen. (09/2) 6+4 20. Clinical features,
investigations and prevention of Congenital Rubella Syndrome.
(10/1) 3+3+4 21. Outline the clinical presentation, diagnosis and
management of a neonate with intrauterine CMV infection. (11/1)
3+4+3 22. Discuss the available strategies for prevention of mother
to child transmission of HIV. (12/1) 10
17. SFD 1. Immune status of SFD babies (98/1) 15 2. Factors
associated with IUGR (93/1) 10 3. Enumerate the etiology of fetal
or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Describe the screening
and diagnosis of IUGR. (11/2) 3+4+3APNEA OF PREMATURITY 1.
Pathophysiology of Apnea Of Prematurity (97/2) 15 2. A 10 day old
preterm neonate has recurrent cessation of breathing lasting for
more than 20 seconds with bradycardia. Classify and enumerate
causes for this condition. Discuss in brief the management of this
condition. (12/1) 4+6RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY 1. ROP (07/1)
10OSTEOPENIA OF PREMATURITY 1. Osteopenia of prematurity (06)
10NEONATAL JAUNDICE 1. A 3 week old infant brought to the hospital
with moderate jaundice. Discuss the Diagnosis (97/2) 10 2.
Kernicterus (97/1) 15 3. Pathogenesis of kernickterus (96/2) 10 4.
Discuss the Bilirubin metabolism and list the causes and approach
to Diagnosis of Hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate (00/1) 25 5.
Discuss reasons for Physiological Jaundice in a Newborn. Define and
list causes of pathological jaundice in a newborn. Discuss clinical
manifestations (acute and chronic)of kernickterus (06) 10 6.
Outline the normal metabolism of bilirubin. Outline the principle
of phototherapy for treatment of neonatal jaundice. List factors
that influence efficacy of phototherapy. (08/1) 10 (09/1),(10/2)
4+3+3 7. Critically describe the role of various treatment
modalities for treating neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
(11/2) 10NEC 1. NEC (97/2) 15 2. Pathogenesis of NEC (97/1) (92) 15
3. Etiology and pathology of NEC 15 4. Etiology of NEC, staging and
management. (04/2) 10 5. Discuss management of NEC (06) 5 6.
Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of neonatal
necrotizing enterocolitis. (09/1) 3+7 7. Discuss the
pathophysiology, classification and diagnostic features of
necrotizing enterocolitis. (10/2) 4+3+3
18. 8. A 6 day old preterm neonate presents with abdominal
distension, feed intolerance, vomiting and blood in stools. Discuss
the differential diagnosis, diagnostic approach and principles of
initial stabilization. (12/1) 4+3+3NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM 1.
Clinical features of Cretinism in newborn babies (97/1) 10 2.
Desccribe in brief the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic
investigations and management of congenital hypothyroidism. (11/1)
2+2+3+3PRETERM 1. Enumerate the socio-demographic factors associate
with Low birth weight babies. Discuss the clinical problems of
Preterm babies (96/1) 25 2. Pharmacotherapy in prematurity clinical
decisions- salient features (03/1) 15 3. Management of Patent
Ductus Asteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates(10/1)10HAEMATOLOGY 1.
Management of Neonatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura (00/1) 15 2.
Hemorrhagic Disease of The Newborn (95/2) 15 3. Causes of Anemia in
the Newborn (93/1) 10 4. Discuss aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and
management of a Bleeding Neonate (06/2) 10 5. Anemia in newborn
infant (07/1) 10 6. Define polycythemia in a newborn. What are the
factors predisposing to it? Describe the impact of polycythemia on
various systems and their clinical presentation. Describe the
management of polycythemia in newborn. (08/2) 10 7. Outline the
classification, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and
differential diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency bleeding. (12/1)
3+3+2+2FLUID THERAPY 1. Fluid therapy in special situations in
neonates (06/1) 10HIGH RISK INFANT 1. Discuss the basic elements of
the At Risk concept with regard to their advantages and
disadvantages and fallacies if any as they relate to health care of
mothers and children (95/2) 25 2. Define High risk infant. Discuss
the long term management of such infants with emphasis on detection
and early intervention of infants with developmental disabilities
(95/1) 25MISCELLANEOUS 1. Role of O2 free radicals in the
pathogenesis of neonatal disorders (96/2) 10 2. Bullous skin
eruptions in newborn babies (95/2) 15 3. Endocrine problems that
can be diagnosed on the first day of life (95/1) 10 4. Prenatal
steroid therapy (99/2) 15
19. 5. Steps in Neonatal Resuscitation 15 6. Fetal circulation
and changes at birth (00/1) 15 7. Placental dysfunction syndrome
(95/2) 15 8. Scheme for identifying High Risk Fetuses (92/2) 15 9.
Hydrops Fetalis (03/1) 15 10. Non immune hydrops fetalis (03/2) 15,
(07/1) 10 11. Fetal Therapy (03/2) 15 12. List the principles of
community care of LBW infants. Define Kangaroo Mother care. Outline
its advantages and disadvantages. (04/2) 4+2+4 13. Outline the
handicaps in enteral feeding of LBW newborns. Briefly discuss the
feeding strategies for LBW babies. (04/2) 3+4+4 14. What is Hydrops
fetalis. Discuss etiology of Non immune hydrops fetalis. What is
the management of a case of Non immune hydrops fetalis (05) 2+5+3
15. Biology and role of cytokines in Newborn Infants (06/1) 10 16.
ECMO (06/1) 10 17. CPAP (06/2) 10 18. Organization and levels of
Newborn care (06/1) 10 19. Complications of infants born to
diabetic mothers (07/2) 10 20. Steroid in neonatal care (07/1) 5
21. Enumerate common peripheral nerve injuries in neonates.
Describe their clinical characteristics and outline the management.
(09/1) 2+3+5 22. Discuss the proposed hypothesis on fetal origins
of adult disease and its implications on burden of diseases. (11/1)
5+510 SPECIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS DURING ADOLESCENCE 1. Juvenile
Delinquency (02/1) 15 2. Etiological factors in Juvenile
Delinquency (98/2) 15 3. Role of health education to Adolescents
(98/2) 10 4. Discuss the special health problems of Adolescents
(98/1) 25 5. Health education of adolescent girls 15 6. Adolescent
Violence (03/1) 15 7. Health problems of adolescents(03/2) 15 8.
What are the common problems in Adolescence (05) 5 9. Problems of
adolescence (07/2) 10 10. What are the common problems in
adolescence (05) 5 11. Discuss briefly Adolescent Health Problems
(07/2) 1011 IMMUNOLOGY 1. Prenatal Diagnosis of Primary
Immunodeficiency diseases (94/2) 10 2. Graft versus host disease
(99/1) 15 3. Indications for various organ and tissue transplants
in Pediatric practice and common considerations in selection of
donors (95/2) 10
20. 4. Laboratory investigation of a child suspected to have
T-cell immunity Disorder (92) 15 5. Approach to a child with
suspected immune dysfunction (06/1) 10 6. numerate functions of the
Phagocytes and briefly describe defects of their functions. (09/1)
4+6 7. Enlist the humoral immunodeficiency disorders. Outline the
diagnostic approach and treatment. (10/1) 4+6 8. Outline the
characteristic features of primary immunodeficiency. Write in
detail about pathogenesis and clinical features of chronic
granulomatous disease. (11/1) 4+3+312 ALLERGIC DISORDERS 1.
Pathogenesis and management of anaphylaxis (97/1) 15 2. Mechanism,
manifestations and management of anaphylaxis (92) 15 3. Allergic
Rhinitis (07/1) 5 4. Enumerate the chemical mediators of allergic
reactions and describe the important actions of histamine. (08/1)
10 5. Clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of
atopic dermatitis in infants. (10/1) 3+3+4 6. What is atopic
dermatitis? Describe the clinical features and differential
diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. (11/2) 2+5+3 7. What is atopic
dermatitis? Describe clinical features, differential diagnosis and
treatment of atopic dermatitis. (12/1) 1+3+3+313
NEPHROLOGYGLOMERULAR FILTRATION 1. Outline the development of
glomerular filtration. Outline the methods for evaluating GFR in
children. (08/1) 10 2. List the children to be selected for
assessing renal function. Briefly discuss the tests used to assess
the renal function in children. (04) 3+7RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY
1. Renal replacement therapy in ESRD (00/1) 15 2. Peritoneal
dialysis (03/1) 15 3. Renal replacement therapy (06/1) 10 4.
Discuss renal replacement therapy (07/1) 10RTA 1. Classify types of
RTA and their management principles (02/1) 15 2. Diagnosis and
management of RTA (92/2) 15PROTEINURIA 1. Persistent asymptomatic
proteinuria (98/2) (07/1) 10
21. 2. Proteinuria (96/2) 15HEMATURIA 1. Diagnosis and
management of recurrent Hematuria (96/1) 12 2. A 3 year old child
was brought for Hematuria. Discuss the differential diagnosis and
management (94/2) 25 3. Evaluation of a child with Hematuria 15 4.
Outline the differential diagnosis of an abdominal lump with
hematuria in a 3 year old child. Describe its investigations and
treatment. (09/2) 3+3+4 5. Write the common causes and differential
diagnosis of gross symptomatic hematuria. Provide an algorithm for
its laboratory and radiological evaluation. (10/2) 2+2+6 6. Outline
the causes of red coloured urine. Provide an approach for
evaluation of a child with red colored urine. (11/1) 3+7 7. Discuss
the pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of
infantile polycystic kidney. (11/2) 2+2+3+3PSGN 1. Discuss the
pathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute PSGN 2.
Enumerate the complications of acute post streptococcal
glomerulonephritis. Describe their management in brief. (10/2)
3+7NEPHROTIC SYNDROME 1. Enumerate the principles of management of
Idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (98/2) 10 2. Pathophysiology of
Nephrotic Syndrome (96/2) 10 3. What factors will you consider in
deciding the prognosis of a child with Nephrotic syndrome (95/1) 15
4. Relapse in Nephrotic Syndrome (94) 15 5. Frequently relapsing
steroid resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (03/2) 15 6. What factors help
you to clinically decide non-minimal nature of Nephrotic Syndrome?
Enumerate the steps to test urine for albumin using heat methods
(05) 10 7. Histopathological changes in RPGN 15 8. Write the
management of a 6 year old child with Nephrotic syndrome who is
frequently relapsing. Enumerate complications that can occur (06/2)
10 9. Management of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (07/2) 10
10. Describe the diagnostic approach and management in a case of
frequently relapsing and steroid dependent nephritic syndrome.
(09/2) 4+6 11. Management of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome.
(10/1) 10 12. Define steroid dependent and frequently relapsing
nephrotic syndrome. Describe management of an 8 year old child with
frequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome. (11/1) 2+2+6
22. RENAL FAILURE 1. Biochemical and endocrinal changes in CRF
2. What are the causes of ARF in children? How will you investigate
such a case? Discuss management. (97/1) 25 3. Describe the
pathogenesis of CRF and outline important principles in the
management of such a case (95/2) 25 4. What are the causes of acute
renal failure in a 4 year old child. How will you investigate such
a case. Discuss the management of acute renal failure. (04/2) 4+3+3
5. Outline the etiopathogenesis of ARF in children. Discuss briefly
the management (05) 5+5 6. List the causes of renal failure in a 3
month old child. Discuss the clinical features, laboratory
diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure in children. Discuss
the indications of renal biopsy in children (06) 10 7. Discuss the
etiology of cortical necrosis in newborns and older children,
separately. State the most important clinical manifestations of
cortical injury and factors governing prognosis. (08/1) 10 8.
Discuss the role of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy
(indication, dose, aim, precaution, benefits and complications) in
management of chronic renal failure. List reasons of resistance to
such therapy. (08/1) 10 9. What is acute renal failure? List the
common causes leading to it. Tabulate the laboratory indices used
to differentiate pre-renal and intrinsic acute renal failure.
Outline the medical management of acute renal failure. (08/1) 10
10. Define renal osteodystrophy. Enumerate its clinical features
and outline the management. (09/2) 2+3+5HUS 1. HUS-
etiopathogenesis and diagnosis (98/1) 15 2. Diagnostic features of
HUS (93/2) 15TUBULAR DISORDERS 1. Nephrogenic Diabetes Incipidas
(98/2) 15 2. Pathogenesis, clinical features and management of
Distal Renal Tubular disorder (07/2) 10 3. Define anion gap and its
utility. Outline the major causes of metabolic acidosis in
children. Outline the treatment of renal tubular acidosis. (04/2)
2+4+4
23. 14 RHEUMATIC DISEASESKAWASAKI DISEASE 1. Phases and
complications of Kawasakis disease (06) 10 2. Kawasaki Syndrome
(00/1) 15 3. Discuss the presentation, diagnostic criteria for
Kawasaki Disease. What is the management strategy? What are the
complications? (08/1) 10 4. Discuss the pathogenesis, differential
diagnosis and echocardiography findings in Kawasaki Disease (KD).
How is the classical KD different from Atypical KD? (09/1) 6+4 5.
Describe clinical manifestations of classical and atypical Kawasaki
disease. Provide algorithmic approach to a suspected case of
Kawasaki disease. Enumerate various treatment modalities. (11/1)
4+4+2JRA 1. Classification and features of JRA (96/2) 14 2. What
are the clinical manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Discuss the differential diagnosis and management. (04/2) 3+3+4 3.
Write the current classification used in JRA. Outline the
management plan for JRA (06) 10 4. Tabulate differentiating
features of various types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (08/1)
10 5. Tabulate the classification of Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis
and state principles of its treatment. (10/2) 4+6 6. Outline the
diagnostic criteria of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tabulate the
differentiating features of various types of JRA. Outline a scheme
of investigation for a child with suspected JRA. (11/1) 3+4+3 7.
Tabulate the differentiating clinical features and the diagnostic
approach of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Outline the
principles of management of polyarticular JIA. (12/1) 4+3+3H S
PURPURA 1. Discuss briefly clinical presentation and management of
H S Purpura (07/1) 10 2. Describe the diagnostic approach and
management of a six year old child presenting with purpuric rash
and pedal edema following an episode of acute diarrhoea. (11/2)
4+6MISCELLANEOUS 1. Classify vasculitis based on size of involved
vessels and give examples of each category. Describe etiology,
clinical features and management of Takayasus arteritis. (09/2)
5+5
24. 15 INFECTIOUS DISEASESPUO 1. Discuss definition, etiology
and approach to investigation of PUO (07/1) 10 2. Outline the
approach to management of a 2 month old infant having fever without
focus. (09/1) 10 3. Enumerate the common causes of pyrexia of
unknown origin in a 5 year old child. Discuss diagnostic approach
to fever with rash. (11/2) 4+6HIV 1. Prevention of HIV infection
during childhood (02/1) 15 2. HIV and Pediatrics (98/2) 10 3. Post
exposure HIV prophylaxis (03/2) 15 4. An HIV positive mother has
been admitted in labour. What will you do to prevent transmission
of infection to the baby (05) 10 5. Factors involved in perinatal
transmission of HIV infection and the various preventive measures
(06) 10 6. Prevention of Childhood AIDS (07/2) 10 7. Clinical
Presentations requiring screening for HIV (07/1) 5 8. HIV and TB
(07/1) 5 9. Outline clinical and immunological criteria for
starting anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in a HIV infected child.
How will you monitor a child initiated on ART? (09/2) 6+4 10.
Enlist the common opportunistic infections in HIV infected
children. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management
of herpes simplex infection in HIV infected children (11/2) 3+2+2+3
11. Enumerate opportunistic infections in HIV infected children.
How will you treat and prevent pneumocystis jiroveci infection.
(12/1) 5+3+2TB 1. Diagnosis and management of a child with
resistant TB (02/1) 15 2. Short course chemotherapy for TB (98/2)
10 3. Prevention and early detection of TB (96/2) 15 4. CNS changes
in Tubercular meningitis(Pathological only) 15 5. Discuss the
pathogenesis, clinical symptomatology and diagnosis of NeuroTB (06)
10 6. How do you perform and interpret Mantoux Test. Enumerate 3
conditions each in which you can get a false positive and a false
negative result. (06) 10 7. Newer diagnostic modalities for TB (06)
10 8. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of
Neuro tuberculosis. (11/2) 3+4+3ENTERIC FEVER 1. Interpretation of
Widal test in immunized children (98/2) 10 2. Nontyphoidal
salmonellosis (95/2) 15
25. 3. Management of typhoid fever (95/2) 15 4. Treatment of
typhoid fever (93/1) 10 5. Define multidrug resistant (MDR)
salmonella typhi (MDR ST) and nalidixic acid resistant salmonella
typhi (NARST). Discuss the mechanism of development of drug
resistance for salmonella typhi. (08/1) 10 6. Detail the various
complications of enteric fever and briefly outline the specific
management. (08/2) 10DENGUE FEVER 1. Pathogenesis of bleeding and
shock in Dengue fever (98/2) 10 2. Discuss the management of Dengue
Shock Syndrome (97/1) 10 3. Dengue Fever (03/2) 15 4. Define DHF
and DSS and outline the treatment of DSS (05) 10 5. Diagnosis and
management of DHF and DSS (06/1) 10 6. Outline the WHO criteria for
diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Draw an algorithm for volume
replacement for a child with DHF and > 20% increase in
hematocrit. (09/1) (3+7) 7. Define DHF and DSS. How does DHF differ
from dengue fever with hemorrhage? Describe treatment of DSS.
(09/2) 2+2+1+5 8. Classify severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Write in brief the management of dengue shock syndrome. (11/1) 4+6E
COLI 1. Classification of E coli and pathogenesis of Invasive
Diarrhoea (95/1) 15 2. Discuss the pathogenesis of E. coli diarrhea
(94/2) 15POLIO AND AFP 1. AFP Surveillance (99/2) 15 2. Approach to
a child with AFP and components of AFP surveillance (00/1) 15 3.
AFP- Definition, Differential Diagnosis in details, how help in
polio eradication (03/2) 25 4. Discuss the differential diagnosis
and management of acute flaccid paralysis in a 2 year old child.
(04/2) 5+5 5. What is AFP? Discuss the differential diagnosis and
management of a child with AFP. Discuss AFP surveillance (05)
2+3+2+3 6. Define criteria for declaring a country Polio free. What
is the present status of wild polio virus transmission and
strategies being used for its control in India? Elaborate on AFP
surveillance (06) 5+5 7. Pulse Polio programme (02/1) (98/1) 15 8.
Define AFP. Enlist the causes and investigations of a case of AFP
(06) 10
26. 9. What is acute flaccid paralysis? Describe the
differential diagnosis and management of a child with flaccid
paralysis. Describe AFP surveillance. (09/2) 2+2+4+2MALARIA 1.
Define drug resistant malaria, what are the different types of drug
resistance as per WHO criteria. Discuss the various management
strategies of Drug resistant Malaria 25 2. Management of Cerebral
Malaria 15 3. Drug resistant Malaria (03/1) 15 4. What are
management guidelines of malaria under the national programme. How
will you manage a case of cerebral malaria. (04/2) 4+6 5. Enumerate
manifestations of Severe Malaria and their management (06/2) 10 6.
A 4 year old girl presents with history of fever for 2 days
associated with severe anemia, black colored urine and
splenomegaly. Discuss the management of this patient. (08/2) 10 7.
Describe clinical manifestations of cerebral malaria. Enlist the
differential diagnosis and investations required. Write management
of a case of cerebral malaria in high endemic area. (09/1) (2+3+5)
8. Define complicated malaria. Describe the management strategies
of complicated malaria. (09/2) 3+7 9. Provide algorithms for
case-detection and treatment for a child with fever, suspected to
have malaria, as per National Vector Borne Disease Control Program:
(10/2) 5+5 a) In an area where microscopy results are available
within 24 hours; and b) In an area where microscopy results are not
available within 24 hours 9. Write short notes on: Laboratory
diagnosis of malaria (11/2) 5HEPATITIS B 1. Viral markers of
Hepatitis B 15 2. Immunological markers of Hepatitis B 15 3.
Hepatitis B infection in children (03/1) 15 4. A 3 year old child
is brought with a history of jaundice since 2 months. She gives a
history of blood transfusion at 18 months of age. Her HBSAg is
positive. Discuss briefly other viral markers of HepB infection
which will help in monitoring and treatment of child. Discuss the
management of fulminant hepatic failure. Add a note on Liver
Transplantation. (06) 10MEASLES 1. Diagnosis and treatment of SSPE
(95/2) 10PLAGUE 1. Management of Plague (95/2) 10
27. GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS 1. Management of acute Rheumatic
Fever (93/2) 10CYSTICERCOSIS 1. Current management of
Neurocysticercosis (92) 15MENINGOCOCCUS 1. Discuss prevention and
prophylaxis against meningococcal infection (05) 5+5 2. Prophylaxis
of Meningococcaemia (06/1) 10SYPHILIS 1. Radiological features and
confirmatory laboratory tests for congenital syphilis (07/1)
10MISCELLANEOUS 1. Laboratory diagnosis of Viral diseases 2. Brain
CT findings in a case of Congenital toxoplasmosis and cysticercosis
(94) 15 3. Nosocomial Infections (06) 10 4. Comment on clinical
features, diagnosis and treatment of Swine flu in children. (09/2)
2+3+5 5. A seven year old girl is admitted with pain and swelling
of right knee and left ankle joint of two weeks duration. Enumerate
the likely causes. Discuss the differential diagnosis highlighting
important pointers in history, examination and investigations.
(11/2) 2+8 6. Describe the etiology, mode of transmission, clinical
features and management of viral hemorrhagic fever in children.
(12/1) 2+2+3+316 DIGESTIVE SYSTEMGIT 1. What is H.Pylori Bacillus?
How is it associated with chronic abdominal pain (98/2) 10 2.
Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease (97/2) 15 3. Pathogenesis of
Persistent Diarrhea of infancy (96/2) 10 4. Diagnosis of
carbohydrate intolerance (95/1) 15 5. Gastro esophageal Riflux
(94/2) 15 6. Persistent Diarrhea (99/1) 15 7. Chronic Diarrhea in
Infancy (00/1) 15 8. Immunological features associated with cow
milk allergy 15 9. Enumerate the etiology and discuss the
pathogenesis of acute diarrhoea. Describe the approach to
management of a child with acute watery diarrhoea. (04/2)
3+3+4
28. 10. Write management of Persistent Diarrhea (06) 5 11.
Approach and management of a child with Persistent Diarrhea (06) 10
12. Diagnosis and management of a child with Celiac Disease (06/1)
10 13. Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal atresia (06/1) 10
14. Aetiopathogenesis and diagnosis of celiac disease (07/2) 10 15.
Define malabsorption. Enlist the generalized and specific
malabsorption states. Discuss the investigative plan for a child
with generalized malabsorption. (08/1) 10 16. Define Recurrent
Abdominal Pain (RAP) and list the diagnostic features of functional
RAP. Suggest a plan for investigations and managing a 10 year old
girl with RAP (09/1) 4+6 17. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
features and management of acute pancreatitis in children. (10/1)
2+2+2+4 18. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and
treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhoea. (10/2) 1+2+3+4 19.
Enlist the functions of pancreas. Outline the pancreatic function
tests and their implications in pediatric practice. (10/2) 4+6 20.
Outline the etiopathogenesis of chronic diarrhea and provide a
scheme of investigating for a child with chronic diarrhea. (11/1)
5+5 21. Describe the types of diarrhoea with examples. Discuss
their pathophysiological mechanisms. (11/2) 5+5 22. A 9 month old
child with acute watery diarrhea develops seizures and altered
sensorium. Discuss the differential diagnosis of CNS symptoms.
Provide diagnostic algorithm for managing this child. (12/1) 6+4
23. Define gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Describe its
clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. (12/1)
1+3+3+3PREBIOTICS & PROBIOTICS 1. Outline the benefits of
bacterial colonization of the intestine and the disorders they can
produce. (04/2) 5+5 2. Define probiotics. Explain their
physiological mechanism of action. Opportunities and threats
associated with the use of probiotics in pediatric practice. (08/2)
10 3. Define probiotics and prebiotics and enumerate their
essential characteristics. Outline the effects of probiotic in
various gastrointestinal disorders. (09/1) (5+5) 4. Discuss the
management of acute diarrhea with particular reference to low
osmolarity ORS, zinc, probiotics and antibiotics. (10/2) 3+2+3+2 5.
Define probiotics and prebiotics. Outline their important
properties and mechanisms of action. Enlist four most important
indications of their clinical use in Pediatric clinical practices.
(11/1) 4+4+2HEPATOBILIARY 1. Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension
(98/2) 10
29. 2. Discuss the causes, clinical features and management of
portal hypertension in children. (04/2) 3+3+4 3. Laboratory Finding
of Fulminant Hepatic Failure (98/2) 10 4. Diagnosis and management
of Acute Viral Hepatitis (96/2) 12 5. Cholestatic Jaundice 15 6.
Biliary Atresia (95) 15 7. Describe Biochemical and Pathological
changes in various organs in Hepatic Encephalopathy. How will you
manage a case (93/2) 10 8. Hepatic Encephalopathy- pathophysiology
and management (03/2) 25 9. List the causes of infantile
cholestasis. Provide an algorithm for the diagnosis of infantile
cholestasis. (04/2) 3+7 10. Persistent Jaundice in neonates (06) 10
11. Clinical approach, investigations and management of a neonate
with Cholestatic jaundice (06/1) 10 12. Discuss the management of
Fulminant Hepatic Failure. Add a note on Liver Transplantation (06)
13. A 6 week old child is brought with a history of jaundice since
3 weeks of age, high colored urine with staining of napkins and
pale colored stools. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of this
condition. What is the differential diagnosis and treatment of this
condition (06) 10 14. Diagrammatically represent the portal venous
system and the sites of Porto- systemic vascular anastomosis in
portal hypertension. Discuss the types, cause and pathophysiology
of portal hypertension (07/1) 10 15. Define Fulminant Hepatic
Failure and outline the staging of severity of Hepatic
encephalopathy. Discuss the steps in its management. (09/1) 4+6 16.
Outline the differential diagnosis of tender hepatomegaly. Describe
the management of liver abscess. (10/1) 5+5 17. Outline the
management of an 8 year old child with acute liver cell failure and
hepatic encephalopathy. (10/2) 10 18. Write in brief the
etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations of Wilsons disease.
Outline the desired investigation helpful in making a diagnosis of
Wilsons disease. (11/1) 3+3+4 19. Define neonatal cholestasis.
Outline clinical features and scheme for evaluation of a neonate
with cholestasis. (11/1) 2+3+5 20. Describe clinical, laboratory
and radiologic evaluation of possible liver dysfunction in
children. (11/2) 3+4+3 21. Enumerate the causes and discuss the
types, pathogenesis and evaluation of ascites in children. (11/2)
2+2+3+3MISCELLANEOUS 1. Hematemesis (94) 15 2. Differential
Diagnosis of Ascites in children (93/1) 10 3. A 5 yr old child
brought to the emergency- H/o 2 bouts of massive hematemesis. On
examination the child is pale and BP is 90/60. Discuss the
emergency room management of this child. After the child is
stabilized what
30. laboratory diagnosis would you do in this child. What is
the Differential Diagnosis and treatment of this condition (05) 10
4. Management of Acute Upper GI Bleeding (06) 10 5. Discuss the
management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a 5 year old
child. (08/1) 10 6. Define hematemesis, malena and hematochezia. A
3 years old child presents with sudden onset vomiting of blood.
Describe the approach to this child (including history and
examination). Outline the steps of management. (08/2) 1017
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMCLINICAL EXAMINATION 1. Enumerate 4 adventitious
sounds that can be heard during examination of respiratory system.
At what anatomical level are they produced? In which conditions are
they produced. (06) 10 2. Outline the pulmonary function testing in
children with emphasis on performance and interpretation of
spirometry. 3. Briefly discuss the non invasive estimation of gas
exchange in children.(04) 10BRONCHIAL ASTHMA 1. Describe the
pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma. Give an outline for prevention
and treatment of recurrent episodes (02/1) 25 2. Treatment of
Bronchial asthma (96/2) 3. Discuss briefly the recent advances in
the management of Bronchial Asthma (99/1) 15 4. Use of Nebulizers
in Pediatric practice (95/2) 10 5. Aerosol therapy in children
(95/2) 15 6. Management of Acute Severe Asthma (92/2) 15 7.
Management of Status Asthmaticus in a 3 yr old (03/1) 25 8. Discuss
the pathophysiology of asthma. Outline the role of investigations
in bronchial asthma. (04/2) 6+4 9. Classify Asthma in children.
Outline the management of asthma and approach to a case of Status
Asthmaticus (05) 3+4+3 10. Discuss the steps in evaluation of
chronic asthma is children. Classify and discuss the drugs used in
the treatment of chronic asthma. Write briefly on targeted delivery
systems in treatment of asthma (06) 10 11. Pathophysiology and
management of Asthma in children (06/1) 10 12. Management of a 3
year old child with recurrent attacks of wheezing (07/2) 10 13.
Outline the stepwise approach for managing infants and young
children (