Post on 01-Jan-2016
DNA Y’all!!!!!
Aka Deoxyribonucleic Acid with RNA
Wazzup with that name??!!
Well if you breakdown the word
De-oxy-ribo-nucleic Acid it’d go like this…
De, pronounced deee, means remove. Remove what, you say?
Oxy’s pretty simple, it’s oxygen. Duh. So, it’s a molecule with an oxygen removed.Ribo’s short for ribose. Ribose is a type of sugar. Now it’s a sugar missing an oxygen.Nucleic means this is found in the nucleus, and acid means it donates protons.
DNA vs RNA
If you look carefully at both sugar’s number 2 carbons, deoxyribose, has an oxygen removed. Get it? De-oxy. Coolio huh.
RNA, is ribonucleic acid.
Remember polymers?
Remember proteins, fats, and carbohydrates? Well, the last class of macromolecules are called nucleic acids.
Also remember, that monomers create these long-chained polymers. Think of a zipper. A tooth is a monomer, the whole zipper’s the polymer. Get it?
For DNA, think nucleic acid’s the monomer, DNA’s the polymer. A nucleotide is technically the
monomer. Here’s a nucleotide..
…a nucleotide (aka monomer).
There are four bases. They are: Guanine,
Cytosine,
Adenine,
Thymine.
Here’s our sweet friend, deoxyribose.
Phosphate completes the trio called a nucleotide.
DNA 3D
• LINK
4 Types of Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the monomers but it’s their sequence in the DNA ladder that’s important!
Bases are abbreviated:
A, G, C, TLook above, and see how the bases pair. Patterns?
Base Pair Rules
As a proofreading mechanism, each base’s shape complimentary base pairs with each other (pyrimidine binds to a purine). So, A-T; G-C.
DNA=polymer, nucleotide=monomer
Here’s the nucleotide (base).
See how they pair up opposite of each other? You do this long enough you get a polymer. This polymer’s DNA!
How many base pairs do you see?
Chromosomes and DNA replication
What do you remember from Mitosis? Why are chromosomes X-shaped? What does replication mean?
Replication occurs before Mitosis
Chromosomes and DNA replication
We want to double the genetic information because we want each daughter cell to have the correct information.
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Link cartoon
Chromosomes and DNA replication wrap-up
Enzymes unzip DNA into 2 strands.
DNA polymerase, then attaches bases complimentary to exposed parent (template) strand.
When done replicating, you have a replicated chromosome.Think zipper!
Review
DNA’s a polymer made by nucleotides (monomers).
There are 4 nucleotides or bases. A,T,G,C
A-T,G-C are the base pair rules.
Replication involves enzymes that unzip DNA to create two sister chromatids for the daughter cells. Think ZIPPER!
This happens before mitosis.