DNA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program.html

Terminology

recombinant DNA – fragment of DNA composed of sequences originating from at least two different sources

genetic transformation - introduction and expression of foreign DNA in a living organism

Restriction Enzymes “molecular scizzors”

Usually palindromic (reads the same forwards as backwards) Or the same 5’ to 3’

Sticky Ends

Sticky Ends

Sticky Ends

Blunt Ends

Blunt Ends

Restriction Enzymes “molecular scizzors”

Combine DNA samples with restriction enzyme

Restriction enzyme binds to DNA sample DNA is “cut” Combine DNA of interest Add DNA ligase RESULT: recombinant DNA

Transformation

Transgenic - a cell or an organism that is transformed by DNA from another species (foreign DNA in its genome)

Plasmid - a small double-stranded circular DNA molecule found in some bacteria

Transformation – Transgenic Bacteria

1. Plasmid2. Add restriction enzyme

(endonuclease)3. Add gene4. Add DNA ligase

(recombinant DNA)5. Add plasmid to bacteria6. EXPRESSION OF GENE