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KESEHATAN PENYELAMANKESEHATAN PENYELAMAN
Dr. BUDI OETOMO WIYONO, Acp, Sp.S, Sp.KL, Ph.D.Dr. BUDI OETOMO WIYONO, Acp, Sp.S, Sp.KL, Ph.D.
Capt. (Navy) / K!. La"t (K) N#P $%$& / PCapt. (Navy) / K!. La"t (K) N#P $%$& / P
Ac"p"'ct"rt, N*"r!+t, Mar'* M*c'* Sp*ca!t, -Ac"p"'ct"rt, N*"r!+t, Mar'* M*c'* Sp*ca!t, -S*a M'* War I'tr"ctr, M*atr S*a M'* War I'tr"ctr, M*atr
CMAS / ADSI &Star Dv'+ I'tr"ctr,CMAS / ADSI &Star Dv'+ I'tr"ctr,
*r-a'y M0*+a / D**p Dv'+ S"p*rvr *r-a'y M0*+a / D**p Dv'+ S"p*rvr
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BAB 1 I
2ISIKA PENYELAMAN
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# Tekanan = besarnya gaya yang bekera se!ara# Tekanan = besarnya gaya yang bekera se!ara
egak $r$s %er sa$an $as&egak $r$s %er sa$an $as& ' 1 a( = ekanan ) gaya yang' 1 a( = ekanan ) gaya yang
bekera %a*a ben*a +e,bekera %a*a ben*a +e,
a(+s-er b$(.&a(+s-er b$(.&## Tek&a(+s-er Tek&a(+s-er /%/%a*aa*a
%er($kaan a$0%er($kaan a$0 == 1 aa1 aa
aa$aa$ 1 %s.a&1 %s.a&
TEKANANTEKANAN
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"DIKBREVET JURU SELAM TNI AL"
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# Tekanan ,.*r+sa.k = ek ) gaya# Tekanan ,.*r+sa.k = ek ) gaya
yang *.sebabkan +e, bera a.r&yang *.sebabkan +e, bera a.r&
# Tekanan abs+$ = $(a, ek a( 6 ek& ,.*r+sa.k# Tekanan abs+$ = $(a, ek a( 6 ek& ,.*r+sa.k7 7 sa$annyasa$annya %s.a%s.a aa$aa$ aaaa&&
# A(b.en %ress$re = ek& *. seke..ng $b$, )# A(b.en %ress$re = ek& *. seke..ng $b$, )
ben*a /*aa( aa0&ben*a /*aa( aa0&
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# 9a$ge %ress$re# 9a$ge %ress$re 7 (en$n$kkan ek7 (en$n$kkan ek
/*aa( a(0 yang *.$k$r *engan aa/*aa( a(0 yang *.$k$r *engan aa%eng$k$r ekanan /%ress$re ga$ge0&%eng$k$r ekanan /%ress$re ga$ge0&
# Se.a% $r$n 33 - *. a.r a$ /3 - *. a.r# Se.a% $r$n 33 - *. a.r a$ /3 - *. a.r
a:ar0 ek na.k 1 a( /1 %s.0&a:ar0 ek na.k 1 a( /1 %s.0&
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;"DIKBREVET JURU SELAM TNI AL"
Tabe sa$an <Tabe sa$an <
a( a( = a(+s-er = a(+s-er
aa aa = a(+s-er abs+$= a(+s-er abs+$
bar bar = bar+(eer = bar+(eer
- - = -ee= -ee
%s. %s. = %+$n* %er s>$are .n!,= %+$n* %er s>$are .n!,
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SINA# DAN PENLI3ATANSINA# DAN PENLI3ATAN
Keker$,an <Keker$,an <
A*anya %ar.ke%ar.ke *. *aa( a.r yang A*anya %ar.ke%ar.ke *. *aa( a.r yang
(engab$rkan %eng.,aan *engan(engab$rkan %eng.,aan *engan
(eng,a(ba aannya s.nar&(eng,a(ba aannya s.nar& Ke!e%aan S.nar <Ke!e%aan S.nar <
*. $*ara = 185&??? (. ) *e& *. $*ara = 185&??? (. ) *e&
*. a.r = 134&??? (. ) *e& *. a.r = 134&??? (. ) *e& In*e@ b.as $*ara ) a.r = < 3In*e@ b.as $*ara ) a.r = < 3
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SUA#ASUA#A Ke!e%aan s$ara <Ke!e%aan s$ara <
D. a.r = &;?? - ) *e& D. a.r = &;?? - ) *e& D. $*ara = 1&1?? - ) *e& D. $*ara = 1&1?? - ) *e&
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T#ANS2E# PANAST#ANS2E# PANAS
1& K+n*$ks. <1& K+n*$ks. < rans-er angs$ng *ar. (+ek$ kerans-er angs$ng *ar. (+ek$ ke
(+ek$&(+ek$&2& K+neks. <2& K+neks. < rans-er %anas *ar. se$r$, $b$, ke a.rrans-er %anas *ar. se$r$, $b$, ke a.r
karena a*anya ar$s a.r&karena a*anya ar$s a.r&
3& Ra*.as. <3& Ra*.as. < rans-er angs$ng *ar. %er($kaan $b$,rans-er angs$ng *ar. %er($kaan $b$,
ke a.r /ra*.as. eb., *.aba.kan *.ban*.ng *enganke a.r /ra*.as. eb., *.aba.kan *.ban*.ng *engan
k+n*$ks. *an k+neks.0k+n*$ks. *an k+neks.0
& Ea%+ras. <& Ea%+ras. < *ar. ker.nga *. k$. *an $a% a.r *ar.*ar. ker.nga *. k$. *an $a% a.r *ar.
%ar$&%ar$&
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BE#AT 4ENIS 5AT CAI# 6 BE#AT MOLEKUL ASBE#AT 4ENIS 5AT CAI# 6 BE#AT MOLEKUL AS
A. B*'a Car 7A. B*'a Car 7
8 B*rat 4*' 78 B*rat 4*' 7 9. Ar ta:ar ; 9 +/c-<9. Ar ta:ar ; 9 +/c-<
&. Ar !a"t ; 9.=&> +/c-<&. Ar !a"t ; 9.=&> +/c-<
B. a 7B. a 78 B*rat M!*?"! 78 B*rat M!*?"! 7
9. O& ; <&9. O& ; <& >. 3& ; &>. 3& ; &
&. N& ; &@&. N& ; &@ %. N*%. N* ; &=; &=
<. Uara ; &$<. Uara ; &$ . Ar ; =. Ar ; = . 3* ; . 3* ;
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$k$(,$k$( -.s.ka yang$k$(,$k$( -.s.ka yang ber,$b$nganber,$b$ngan*engan %enyea(an*engan %enyea(an 7 %er$ *.kea,$. 77 %er$ *.kea,$. 7
a(an&a(an&
1& $k$( Ar!,.(e*es1& $k$( Ar!,.(e*es 7 B+$yan!y <7 B+$yan!y <
# C+s..- 7 (enga%$ng# C+s..- 7 (enga%$ng
# Nera 7 (eayang# Nera 7 (eayang
# Nega.- 7 enggea(# Nega.- 7 enggea(
3UKUM 2ISIKA3UKUM 2ISIKA
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2& $k$( B+ye <2& $k$( B+ye < C1& V1 = C2& V2 C1& V1 = C2& V2
T.a% $r$n 1? ( T.a% $r$n 1? ( 7 ekanan bera(ba, 1 a(&7 ekanan bera(ba, 1 a(&
Kaa$ C 7 V Kaa$ C 7 V↓↓
-- Brea, ,+* *.e era$ *aa( 7 +& %ar$ Brea, ,+* *.e era$ *aa( 7 +& %ar$
+& res.*$ 7+& res.*$ 7 S>$eeFe L$ng&S>$eeFe L$ng&
Berna%as *engan s!$ba *an na.k *engan Berna%as *engan s!$ba *an na.k *engan
brea, ,+* 7brea, ,+* 7 B$rs L$ng&B$rs L$ng&
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3& $k$( G,ares <3& $k$( G,ares <
Ca*a C = k+nsan Ca*a C = k+nsan 7 b.a T 7 V7 b.a T 7 V
G+n+, <G+n+, < Tab$ng s!$ba yang ea,Tab$ng s!$ba yang ea,
er.s. %en$, saa *.eakkan *.aas %era,$er.s. %en$, saa *.eakkan *.aas %era,$
kena %anas (aa,ar. /T0 7kena %anas (aa,ar. /T0 7 (ee*ak karena(ee*ak karena
$*ara *. *aa( ab$ng$*ara *. *aa( ab$ng
(e($a. /V0&(e($a. /V0&
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& $k$( Da+n <& $k$( Da+n <
Tekanan +a s$a$ gas !a(%$ran = Tekanan +a s$a$ gas !a(%$ran = $(a, ekanan %ars.a (as.ng(as.ng $(a, ekanan %ars.a (as.ng(as.ng
gasnya&gasnya&
G+n+, <G+n+, < C $*ara = CN2 6 CH2C $*ara = CN2 6 CH2
4 $k$( 9ay L$ssa! <4 $k$( 9ay L$ssa! <
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4& $k$( 9ay L$ssa! <4& $k$( 9ay L$ssa! <
B.aB.a VV gas = k+nsangas = k+nsan 77 b.a Cb.a C 7 7 TT&&
G+n+, <G+n+, < Saa (eng.s. ab$ng s!$ba /V=k+nsan0 7Saa (eng.s. ab$ng s!$ba /V=k+nsan0 7
(ak.n .ngg. ekanannya /C0 7 ab$ng akan eraba(ak.n .ngg. ekanannya /C0 7 ab$ng akan eraba
eb., %anas /T0&eb., %anas /T0&
5& $k$( enry <5& $k$( enry < Kear$an s$a$ gas *.%engar$,. +e, ekanan&Kear$an s$a$ gas *.%engar$,. +e, ekanan&
B.a CB.a C7 $(a, gas yang ar$ &7 $(a, gas yang ar$ &
G+n+, <G+n+, <
? ( 1? (? ( 1? (
?
?
??
??
??
??
??
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BAB IIBAB II KE#ACUNAN ASKE#ACUNAN AS
KMB 9 S"p*r!t*
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CC ARBON MONOXIDE ARBON MONOXIDE (CO)(CO) TOXICITY TOXICITY
Tak berwarna, tak berbau, tak mempunyaiTak berwarna, tak berbau, tak mempunyai
rasa rasa bera!unbera!un"" #u$it %i%eteksi berkebera%aannya#u$it %i%eteksi berkebera%aannya
DDari &asi$ pembakaran tak $en'kapari &asi$ pembakaran tak $en'kap 'as'as
buan'an %ari mesin"buan'an %ari mesin"
as pernaasan %apat terk*ntaminasi bi$aas pernaasan %apat terk*ntaminasi bi$as$an' pen'&isap k*mpres*r %i$etakkans$an' pen'&isap k*mpres*r %i$etakkan
%ekat 'as buan' %ari k*mpres*r tersebut"%ekat 'as buan' %ari k*mpres*r tersebut"
CO men'ikat +b se&in''a +b ti%ak %apatCO men'ikat +b se&in''a +b ti%ak %apat
men'ikat O karena %aya ikat +bCOmen'ikat O karena %aya ikat +bCO-. / $ebi& besar %ari pa%a +bO"-. / $ebi& besar %ari pa%a +bO"
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CC ARBON DIOXIDE ARBON DIOXIDE (CO(CO)) TOXICITY TOXICITY
T.*ak ber:arna .*ak berba$ .*ak (e(%$nya.T.*ak ber:arna .*ak berba$ .*ak (e(%$nya.
rasa rasa bera!$nbera!$n&& S$. *.*eeks. berkebera*aannyaS$. *.*eeks. berkebera*aannya
Ser.ng era*. %a*a %e(aka.anSer.ng era*. %a*a %e(aka.an c!*crc"tc!*crc"t77
s+*a .(e s$*a, ka*a$arsa&s+*a .(e s$*a, ka*a$arsa&
Maa( ,ar.Maa( ,ar. 77 *.,as.kan +e, $(b$,an /*a$n0
7 ,a.,a. saa (eng.s. ab$ng s!$ba
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H9EN THIGITH9EN THIGIT anya gas H2 yang *a%a (en*$k$ng ke,.*$%an&anya gas H2 yang *a%a (en*$k$ng ke,.*$%an&
CH2 n+r(a *. $*ara ?&2 aa&CH2 n+r(a *. $*ara ?&2 aa& Man$s.a ber-$ngs. n+r(a %a*a CH2 = ?&15 1&5 aa&Man$s.a ber-$ngs. n+r(a %a*a CH2 = ?&15 1&5 aa&
H2 b.sa (ena*. +@.! %a*a CH2 yang .ngg.H2 b.sa (ena*. +@.! %a*a CH2 yang .ngg. 7 *a%a7 *a%a
*.sebabkan +e, (en.ngkanya <*.sebabkan +e, (en.ngkanya <
# k+nsenras. H2 yang *.,.r$%# k+nsenras. H2 yang *.,.r$%
# ekanan *. seke..ngnya&# ekanan *. seke..ngnya&
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T,era%y <T,era%y <
Hba. keangnya& Hba. keangnya&
D. *aa( a.r 7 ba:a ke %er($kaan& D. *aa( a.r 7 ba:a ke %er($kaan&
an.!+n$san 7 an.!+n$san 7 C,eny+.n D.aFe%a(&C,eny+.n D.aFe%a(&
#'+?aa' K*rac"'a' O&7#'+?aa' K*rac"'a' O&7
A& A!$e A& A!$e 7 Hak 7 B.b.r ge(ear sa(%a. keang / 9ran* (a7 Hak 7 B.b.r ge(ear sa(%a. keang / 9ran* (aE%.e%sy0E%.e%sy0
B& G,r+n.!B& G,r+n.! 7 Car$ 7 Da*a sesak7 %en$r$nan Ka%as.as V.a7 Car$ 7 Da*a sesak7 %en$r$nan Ka%as.as V.a
7 gaga na-as 7 ke(a.an&7 gaga na-as 7 ke(a.an&
NIT#OEN NA#COSISNIT#OEN NA#COSIS
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NIT#OEN NA#COSISNIT#OEN NA#COSIS
(INE#T AS NA#COSIS)(INE#T AS NA#COSIS)
# 9eaa k.n.snya k,as# 9eaa k.n.snya k,as :: Rasa (engan$k *an ,a$s.nas. Rasa (engan$k *an ,a$s.nas. 7 er.,a ane,&7 er.,a ane,&
S$. (enga(b. ke%$$san S$. (enga(b. ke%$$san
Ja:aban an*s.gna Ja:aban an*s.gna 7 saa,&7 saa,&
# Ser.ng era*. %a*a ke*aa(an# Ser.ng era*. %a*a ke*aa(an O ? (&O ? (&
# B.a# B.a 'a?'a? ke e(%a yg b, *angka7ke e(%a yg b, *angka7 'r-a! ?*-Fa!'r-a! ?*-Fa!&&
# Seea, *. %er($kaan 7 ak .nga kea*.an saa *. *aa( a*.&# Seea, *. %er($kaan 7 ak .nga kea*.an saa *. *aa( a*.&
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BAB IIIBAB III
ALAT ALAT SELAMALAT ALAT SELAM
SCUBA DIGIN SETSCUBA DIGIN SET
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SCUBA DIGIN SETSCUBA DIGIN SET
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DIVIN9 PATGDIVIN9 PATG
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U/W COMPASSU/W COMPASS
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DIGIN COMP#ESSO#DIGIN COMP#ESSO#
DIGIN COMP#ESSO#DIGIN COMP#ESSO#
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DIGIN COMP#ESSO#DIGIN COMP#ESSO#
SCUBA TANKSSCUBA TANKS
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SCUBA TANKSSCUBA TANKS
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WETSUIT
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M*-*+a'+ ta!Ha!a'
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