Disorders of the Respiratory SystemPAGES 452-458

AsthmaLong-term inflammation of the

_____________________________Causes:

All lead to dramatic _____________ of airways

AsthmaLeads to:

AsthmaCertain triggers can

lead to a sudden worsening of symptoms, called an attack

COPDStands for:

Combination of __________ and _____________

Majority of cases caused by __________Also, long term exposure to __________________Can have genetic causes

Bronchitis:

COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Emphysema:

COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Emphysema: damage to the alveoliReduction in:

Body does not: _____________________ builds up in blood stream

Body increases _________________________ to try to cope

InfectionsThe respiratory system is in constant

contact with the outside environment so it is always coming into contact with infectious agents

Our safety mechanisms, the mucus and cilia, do a pretty good job but….

InfluenzaCaused by the _____ virus

Highly contagious and spread by ____________________ the virus through the air

Highly ______________ with new variants appearing constantly

TuberculosisCaused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Leads to:

The infection can become inactive or _____________

Treated with a six month course of antibiotics

PneumoniaCan be caused by a variety of infectious

agentsSymptoms include:

Lungs become:

Genetic DisorderCystic fibrosis

Caused by a mutant allele that leads to the production of ____________________ that clogs the airways

People with the disorder have a hard time _______________________Provides a perfect environment for:

Smoking Two major effects of smoking

Carbon monoxide: binds to hemoglobin 200x stronger than oxygen

Causing:

Tar: builds up in and damages the _____________ Irritates the airways leading to the:

Inactivates/kills the ____________