60o

50o

40o

90o

80o

70o

CAFE

External Growing Space Re!ectiveMirrors

Retain Existing Facade

HIGH

RISK

HIGH

VALUE

HIGH

YIELD

O2

O2

O2

O2 O2O2

Solar Harvesting - PV’s

Extract Vents

Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater

Lightweight Steel Frame

Chicken Run Hen Hangar

Education Space

Storage / Service Space

Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms

Local Compost CollectionN

Wythernshawe Market

Drum Composter

CompostCompostate

Key

Oxygen Circulation

Heat Transfer - Water

Heat Transfer - Air

Typical Floor Layout

Algae

Protozoa

Duckweed

Plankton

AEROPONICS

HYDRO-

PONICS

AQUA-

PONICS

HORTICULT

URE

PURI

TYShrimp /Fish Fry

UV

Sterilisation

Primary Growing Space

Bee Hives

Dr. Dickson Despommier

EMERITUS PROFESSOR COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

DICKSON DESPOMMIER, Ph.D.

The Vertical Farm: Keystone Concept to the Sustainable Eco-city

July 17, 2011

Yesterday’s Visions

Buckminster Fuller’s domed Manhattan

In the past, we envisioned a domed city to protect us from nature

Eden ProjectCornwall England

Today, we dome our endangered plants to protect them from us!

Tomorrow’s Metropolis?

The “Jetsons” Vision

Eco-socialists View of Utopia

…or worse!

Imminent UtopiaKris Kuksi

Safe and Abundant Water Supply

Food Safety and Security

Engaging Society in Environmental Sustainability

Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels

The Challenges

Billion People

Not including grazing lands

Agricultural Footprint

6.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

Billion

Developing Regions

Industrialized Regions

World Population Growth

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Sources: United Nations Population Division and Population References Bureau, 1993

By the year 2050 our species will increase by another 3 billion people

3Billion People

6.8Billion People

Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change

David Tilman, et al.SCIENCE Vol 292—April, 2001

Agricultural Footprint

+

of the Earth’s available land is already farmed

80%

requires produces

Food

Agricultural Runoff

70% of Available Fresh Water

20% of US Fossil Fuel Use

PesticidesFertilizers

Herbicides

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Runoff is Destroying the World’s Oceans

Percent Increasein TN River Flux

<1010–2020–4040–6060–80>80

Dead Zones US Floods:1993, 2007, 2008

Within 20 years, 80% of us will live in cities or suburbs

Cities: Footprint = 2-3% of Earth’s land mass

Responsible for 70% of our carbon emissions

The City

“Black Box”

Resources inWaterEnergyFood

Wastes outSolidsLiquidsGasses

Neither Were Yesterday’s CitiesJerichoBabylon

TroyAll Mesoamerican Cities

Memphis (Egypt)Sparta

CarthageRome

Angkor Wat

Can We?

Provide a sustainable, safe

and abundant food and water

supply for 10 billion people?

Repair Earth’s damaged ecosystems?

AND

We Can If we Want To

Aeroponics Drip IrrigationHydroponics

The Future of Agriculture: Growing Soilless

Look At What We Can Do Now

Rice from Japan

EuroFresh Farms, Willcox, Arizona

Lettuce from Tennessee

Tomatoes

Endless Possibilities

Hydroponics

The Hydroponic Shopping CartBerries BlackcurrantBlueberry CranberryHuckleberryLoganberriesRaspberryStrawberry

Bush VegetablesGreen BeanTomato-- beefsteak, campari, plum, cherry, globe

Specialty CropsCoffeeGrapesLuffa SpongeOlivesSunflowerWheat Grass

Vine VegetablesCucumberEggplantOkraSquashSweet Bell PepperZucchini

LegumesSoybeansPeanuts

Melons CantaloupeMuskamelonPumpkin,Watermelon

Root VegetablesBeetBelgian EndiveCarrotOnionsPotatoRadishSweet Potato

Grains BarleyCorn, WheatRice

Leafy GreensAsparagusButterhead LettuceBroccoli Brussels Sprout CauliflowerCelery Charita LettuceChinese CabbageCollared GreensEstelle LettuceGarlic ChivesGreen Coral Lettuce,Green Oak Leaf Lettuce, KaleKuala LettuceMizuna MustardPeasRed Coral LettuceRed Oak Leaf LettuceRomaine LettuceRoxy Lettuce,SpinachSwiss ChardUpland Cress

Herbs & Spices ArugulaBanana PepperBay LeavesChile PeppersChervilChivesCilantroCinnamon BasilCorianderCurry Leaf Dill FennelFrench TarragonGreen BasilLavenderLemon BasilLemon ThymeMarjoram MintOpal BasilOreganoParsleyRocketRosemarySage Sakura CressThai BasilWatercressYellow Pea Shoots

Apply these proven indoor agricultural strategies to growing food in buildings located within the urban landscape…

The Result:

VerticalFarming

1

2

3

4

5

NO AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF

YEAR ROUND CROP PRODUCTION

NO CROP LOSS FROM SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS

USES 70% LESS WATER, NO AGRO-CHEMICALS, NO FOSSIL FUELS

ALLOWS RESTORATION OF DAMAGED ECOSYSTEMS

Advantages of a Vertical Farm

6

7

8

9

10

REMEDIATES GRAY WATER

CREATES NEW JOBS

SUPPLIES FRESH PRODUCE FOR INNER CITY DWELLERS

USES ABANDONED CITY PROPERTIES

CAN GROW BIO-FUELS, PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS

Advantages of a Vertical Farm

Creating The Eco-City

Look To Nature

http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/

Nature’s Master Plan:The Ecosystem

Biodiversity

Balance

Resiliency

Sustainability

Ecosystems “Live Within Their Means”

Solar Constant = 2 calories/cm2/minute

Ecosystems

Everyone getstheir fair share

AquaticTerrestrial

The Vertical Farm is the centerpiece for creating an eco-city in which all human activities reflect ecological process.

The Vertical Farm: Key to Eco-Urbanization

Vertical Farm Tool Box

Hydroponics

Aeroponics

Drip Irrigation

Waste-to-Energy

Automation

Water Re-capture

Passive Energy

LED Lighting

SludgeGray Water

The Sustainable Eco-City(employs cutting-edge technologies)

VerticalFarm

Liquid Municipal Waste

EnergyPotable Water Food

Metabolic By-Products (urine, feces)

Gray Water Remediation

Plasma Gasification

CITY ENERGY GRID

CITY DRINKING WATER

Can we actually do any of this?

We are already doing it

Santa Ana, California

Black water Gray water Drinking water

Purifying gray water into drinking watercreates other problems, like social

marketing

Plasma Arc Gasification is Gaining Traction in Japan

The Rise Of Vertical Farms___________________________________

Nuvege – Kyoto, Japan

PlantLab – Den Bosch, Holland

Cevesca 2 story VF – Seattle

5 Story retro-fitted office block – Manchester, England

Growing Power 5 story VF – Milwaukee

3 story VF – Jackson, Wyoming

Seoul, Korea

Nuvege Kyoto, Japan

Holland

Jackson, Wyoming

Growing Power 5 Story Vertical Farm

Cities Planning A Vertical Farm_______________

SingaporeManchester, England

Milwaukee, USAJackson Hole, USA

Cities interested in creating a vertical farm New York City (2008 presentation to Manhattan Boro president’s office, Scott Stringer)Newark, NJ (2 presentations - 2009,2010 - to Mayor’s office, Stephan Pryor)Jersey City, NJ (2010 presentation to City planners office)Chicago, Ill.Newark, Delaware Beijing, China (Conference on metropolitan agriculture)Incheon, Korea (2007 presentation to City planners office)SingaporeVancouver, CanadaSurrey, Canada (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)Milan, Italy (Expo 2015 organizers)Las Vegas, NevadaAmman, Jordan (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)Doha, QatarRiyadh, Saudi Arabia

It’s time to stop talking……and START DOING!

Save Water

Farm Smart

Help Keep Our Blue Planet

Green!

Thank You!

60o

50o

40o

90o

80o

70o

CAFE

External Growing Space Re!ectiveMirrors

Retain Existing Facade

HIGH

RISK

HIGH

VALUE

HIGH

YIELD

O2

O2

O2

O2 O2O2

Solar Harvesting - PV’s

Extract Vents

Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater

Lightweight Steel Frame

Chicken Run Hen Hangar

Education Space

Storage / Service Space

Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms

Local Compost CollectionN

Wythernshawe Market

Drum Composter

CompostCompostate

Key

Oxygen Circulation

Heat Transfer - Water

Heat Transfer - Air

Typical Floor Layout

Algae

Protozoa

Duckweed

Plankton

AEROPONICS

HYDRO-

PONICS

AQUA-

PONICS

HORTICULT

URE

PURI

TYShrimp /Fish Fry

UV

Sterilisation

Primary Growing Space

Bee Hives

alphafarm.org