Post on 22-Jan-2021
Development of
bioenergy policy in Latvia:
successes and challengessuccesses and challenges
Andis Kārkliņš
5-6 November 2014, Sigulda
What we already have……..What we already have……..
Electricity production from
renewable energy sourceselectricity produced in CHP from natural gas2012. - 1811,8 GWh2013. - 1996,13 GWh
Status on 01.10.2014
� 54 biogas plants, including
- municipal waste landfills – 7,
- domestic wastewater – 1,
- food industry residues or wastewater – 2,
- agriculture - 44- agriculture - 44
� Total installed capacity – 55.42 MW
� Electricity production in 2013 –
more than 275.22 GWh
� Target planned by “Development Programme of Biogas production and utilization 2007 -2011” for 2010 was 537 GWh
Biogas plants in Latvia on 01.07.2014
Status on 01.10.2014� 26 biomas cogeneration stations with
total installed capacity of 56.08 MW
� More than 169.73 GWh of electricity produced in2013
� In 2014, a 23 MW biomass cogeneration station was� In 2014, a 23 MW biomass cogeneration station waslaunched in Jelgava
� Forecast for 2014 – 313.29 GWh electricityproduction
Foto: http://www.fortum.com/countries/lv/par-fortum/biomasas-kogeneracijas-stacija/pages/default.aspx
Energy production from renewable energy
sources and targets by Directive EC2009/28
Tasks and opportunitiesTasks and opportunities
Objectives and targets
� EC Directive 2009/28 is in force setting targets for renewable energy sources for 2020 (a 40% target for Latvia)
� European Council has set EU target to reduce emissions by 30% in 2005-2030 (2005 - baseline for Latvia), increase proportion of renewable energy sources in energy balance by 27% and improve energy efficiency by 30%by 27% and improve energy efficiency by 30%
� Latvia has set target to develop new state support instruments for electricity production using local/renewable energy sources in 2015
� «Latvian Energy Strategy 2030» aims at 50% of energy production using local/renewable energy sources
� European Commission has published «Guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy 2014-2020»
Can the set targets be
matched with reality?� Environmental policy: GHG, environmental protection,
water pollution, waste management (Waste Directive)
� Agricultural Policy: crop rotation, support of certain
agricultural sectors, business diversificationagricultural sectors, business diversification
� Regional policy: economic activities in rural areas and
small towns
� Energy policy: decentralization of energy supply, regional
security, development of RES rather than moratorium of
development
� Economics policy: support of domestic producers
Forest proportion in Latvia11
24%1930
Source: E. Vīgants
25%
27%
36%
38%
41%
45%
24%
54%
1933
1949
1961
1973
1983
2002
2008
Electricity produced from wood biomass
12
Source: E. Vīgants
Latvia Lithuania Estonia
Finland Sweden
Distribution of land use categories in
Latvia (01.01.2014)
Source: http://www.vzd.gov.lv/files/zemes_parskats_par_2013_gadu_20140225.pdf
Distribution of agricultural
land in Latvia
Grass from seminatural meadows
Potential problems in utilization of
seminatural grassland biomass for
biogas production?
� Low quality of green biomass
� Small amount of resources in a particular area, and consequently high costs for collection and transportationtransportation
� Problem with application of digestate (solid matter residues after biogas production) on other fields
� Weak link between the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development that results in lack of information on grassland distribution and management
� Forest (wood increment) 26.8-33.5 GJ/ha
How to efficiently use the valuable land?
Energy production possibilities in Latvia
from 1 ha/year
� Forest (wood increment) 26.8-33.5 GJ/ha
� Crops (biogas) 100-150 GJ/ha
� Biodiesel fuel (from rapeseeds) 37-45 GJ/ha
� Bioetanol fuel (from grains) 27-36 GJ/ha
The real situation must be
understood
andand
let’s stop to deceive
ourselves
18
WE SELL „CHEAP“ AND BUY „EXPENSIVE“...
IS IT BENEFICIAL FOR LATVIA?
Import/export of energy resources in Latvia
Wood export
ca 7 TWh a year
Gas import
ca 7 TWh a year
Price 54 EUR\MWh
19
ca 7 TWh a year
Price 14 EUR\MWh
Price 54 EUR\MWh
Latvian economy looses ca
280 million EUR/year
For comparison:
Price of Latvian biogas
25 EUR\MWh(Agro Iecava)
GREEN ENERGY – THE GOOD NEEWSMORE EXPENSIVE HEATING WITH NATURAL GAS
40
50
60
70
80
EU
R/M
Wh
gāze vai jaukts
atjaunojamā enerģija
natural gas or mixed
renewable energy
20
0
10
20
30
Ludzas bioenerģija
Norma K Malpils
Valkas novada dom
e
Kuldīgas siltumtīkli
Madonas siltum
s
Pļaviņu kom
unālie pakalpojumi
Valmieras siltums
Rujienas Siltum
s
Vidzemes enerģija Gulbene
Limbažu siltum
s
Krāslavas nam
i
Talsu bio-enerģija
Iecavas siltums
Simone -Alūksne
Aizkraukles siltum
s
Vangažu nam
saimnieks
Salaspils siltum
s
Rīgas siltum
s
Ogre
Bauskas siltum
s
Daugavpils siltum
s
Ventspils siltum
s
Ozolnieku KSDU
Liepājas enerģija
Fortum Jelgava
Rēzekne
Tukum
a siltums
Jēkabpils siltum
s
Saldus siltums
Olaines ūdens un siltums
Jūrmalas siltum
s
Lielvārdes remte
Grobiņas siltums
EU
R/M
Wh
What shall be done?� Possible changes must be assessed and justified with
figures and facts paying particular attention to natural gas cogeneration.
� There is a need for calculations to evaluate the possibility for change in legislation towards supporting decentralization of energy supply, because it will help decentralization of energy supply, because it will help to achieve:
o Regional self-supply with energy
o Regional development
o Increase of the share of biomass in heating
o Reduction of costs for heat transfer
THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF BIOENERGY
� Environmental aspectso Important energy source - fossil fuel – is savedo No emissions of greenhouse gases
� Economic aspectso Low costs – may compete with energy from coal, heavy fuel oil and
natural gaso Low transporting costso Low transporting costso Good possibilities for technology exporto Higher income from taxes from municipalities, because more
employees are involved in making biofuelso Diversification of agriculture and improving efficiency of energy
supply systemo Reduction of import of energy resourceso Secure energy supply: biofuels are local energy source, and its
supply is not dependent on political situation outside state borders
The issue of attitude and propaganda
Thank you for attention!
� Address: Mūkusalas Str. 46, Riga, LV1004, Latvia,
or Raiņa Str. 29, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia
� Web: www.latvijasbiogaze.lv� Web: www.latvijasbiogaze.lv
� E-mail: latvia.biogas@gmail.com
Or directly:
� Cell phone: 29425176 – Andis Kārkliņš
� andis.karklins@apollo.lv