Designing and optimising a glass curtain wall facade

Transcript of Designing and optimising a glass curtain wall facade

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Designing and optimising a

Glass curtain wall façade

• Façade • Building Maintenance & Cleaning • Building Physics • Acoustics • Lighting

• Adelaide • Beijing • Brisbane • Chengdu • Dubai • Hong Kong • Jakarta • London • Melbourne • Perth • Shanghai • Shenyang • Shenzen • Singapore • Sydney

Premier Tower Melbourne

Wanjing, Soho, Beijing

Qatar Rail Metro Stations

Pentermina tower Jakarta

Gilan Tower Baku

Nova Victoria London NAICM - Mexico

Omkar 1973 Mumbai

Ice Picture Musuem Harbin

Gilin Tower Baku

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNzD6IHM9McCFUHWFAodsRgKWw&url=https://gardinerandtheobald.wordpress.com/2014/01/30/gts-upcoming-commercial-projects-in-central-london/&psig=AFQjCNFDwpWSVBAzMyQagynJpPGAonr8EQ&ust=1442253736067511

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLq-zO_N9McCFQfrGgodrd8E6w&url=http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t%3D1450483&psig=AFQjCNHOQ3XSaxNIu3MkrKfIvyQ_oEzSpA&ust=1442254236808879

Stella Maris

Saadiyat Mall Abu Dhabi

Blue Water Retail

Boulevard Heights Entisar Tower Marina Gate

One Zabeel

Palm Mall Hotel

DIFC retail Spine

Boulevard Crescent

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNDAqJvE9McCFQo_Ggod6YUAPQ&url=http://www.meraas.com/Pages/blue.aspx&bvm=bv.102537793,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNHxXvnNuDcHhbvePKZqXBx7WVCv-A&ust=1442251618995109

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJ_L5MbF9McCFYmJGgodVUsC4w&url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-20504-tdic-launches-17ha-saadiyat-island-retail-project/&bvm=bv.102537793,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNFyf5Sit9zPwFN7oCyfWCjBzNSK5g&ust=1442252003138854

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIDdr-fF9McCFQsTGgodMxgJsg&url=http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t%3D1749539&psig=AFQjCNEWV9UzDXtumUGzCPpQOYWrR3z_eQ&ust=1442252063497815

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNaz8ZfI9McCFcxVGgodvD8KgA&url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/property/new-property-projects-at-cityscape-abu-dhabi-2015--in-pictures&psig=AFQjCNGdsFSx21JbbzHujubWfrE6Bk5U-A&ust=1442252678912987

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJ_Cw7LI9McCFQJWFAodqIQKEA&url=http://select-group.ae/development/the-residences-at-marina-gate/&psig=AFQjCNH2aM0mpNEfxCEkz05_xIta7U7Wdg&ust=1442252769424960

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCMriwZLU9McCFQqdGgodZhEISQ&url=http://whitbymohajer.com/projects/current-projects/difc-retail-spine/&bvm=bv.102537793,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNHkKN8uFrxjRHOuSy7sJR_GGKXQDQ&ust=1442255912915080

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLWv7sfV9McCFQluFAodF9QNSQ&url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/emaar-set-launch-sales-of-luxury-blvd-crescent-homes-542930.html&psig=AFQjCNFB2irUxURHKvhZ0jxPrFUzZ_Jqyw&ust=1442256180285577

Contents

1. Design optimisation of glass on high rise buildings: Case study – Entisar Tower

2. Overview of performance requirements: Structural, thermal, acoustic, light transmission and meeting Dubai Municipality regulations

3. Assessing new technologies: 2nd generation cold bending, insert layers and coatings

1. Design Optimisation Case study – Entisar Tower

Entisar Freedom Tower

• Super highrise 500m / 100 floors

• 2nd tallest in Dubai

• Currently in 10 highest designs in world

• Architect AE7

Design Parameters Strength • Wind • Seismic Serviceability • Visual • Thermal • Acoustic • Weather Statutory requirements

Joint design Stack joint

Transient loads Eg wind

Embed permanent loads

EG gravity

Stack joint

Stack joint height

Stack joint position

a

l

146.0245

21

=°

−=Sin

la

2)( alawM −

=

Optimum Stack Joint Position a/l = 0.21

Curtain wall design

Planning efficiency Amount of aluminium governed by: • Allowable mullion depth • Mullion Spacing • Wind load

Design Efficiency Amount of aluminum governed by: • Utilizing all elements to resist load • Efficient / accurate design

Ventiane Agri Bank

9% depth reduction 40% weight reduction

Stack joint options

Option 1 – 1.1 Option 2 - 0.75 Option 3 - 0.825 Option 4 – 1.575

2. Overview of performance requirements

Statutory requirements Dubai Municipality Regulations 2014 edition has implemented several design constraints categorised as follows:

• Thermal performance and light transmission • Glazing orientation • Natural ventilation • Air tightness • Acoustics

The Dubai Civil Defense regulations have implemented constraints with respect to façade areas of works to improve building safety. These are:

• Passive Fire Protection Strategies • Balconies and Windows

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIn13_jD88cCFUU7FAodmd4B2w&url=http://www.ggassociates.in/services-only-for-menu/auditing-assurance-services/statutory-audit&psig=AFQjCNEaiiwVuFUY5xIoQ105y7at1t7Srg&ust=1442217193525986

Energy compliance

102.02 Energy Compliance Method

Elemental method (Prescriptive)

304.04 Façade Orientation

401.05 Natural Ventilation

405.02 Views

501.01 Thermal Performance

501.05 Air Leakage

Energy model

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJ6m_MfD88cCFUy4FAodVQsM3w&url=http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Products/AECOsim%2BBuilding%2BDesigner/AECOsim%2BBuilding%2BDesigner%2BArchitects%2BSoftware%2BFeatures.htm&psig=AFQjCNEX8Z7D8uu-ONe8YxES_ulyBMDOkQ&ust=1442217092649811

Glazing Orientation – 304.04

Requirements for glazing orientation

Reference document Requirement for Maximum

% Glazed surface North facing

Additional requirement if north faced glazed surface requirement is not met

Regulation 304.04 > 50% Shading devices or similar on south and west

facade

Practice guide > 60% Shading devices or similar on south and west

facade

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNnUqcrH88cCFYPXFAod-2MEow&url=http://inhabitat.com/o-14s-lace-like-exoskeleton-opens-in-dubai/o14-lead01/&psig=AFQjCNGC-sk14_VHv4uMu_mgwc5OJ6KZeA&ust=1442218169917980

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCO-wwvLJ88cCFcezFAodjl8Pdg&url=http://www.designmena.com/insight/dubai-design-district-opens-to-public&psig=AFQjCNHPrfQ5q9PqhDM94AphBBY5bX_R2A&ust=1442218803974910

Natural ventilation 401.05

Requirements for natural ventilation

Comply with DM article (13)

Area % operable area

Residential 10%of room area to be operable

Service 5% of service area

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLjNvNTF88cCFUY5FAodKzkPIg&url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g295424-d2039666-i122512724-The_Observatory-Dubai_Emirate_of_Dubai.html&psig=AFQjCNEOizc6WDy7a9U1bKgknkmbahnj5A&ust=1442217651744677

Thermal performance and light transmission 501.01

% of vision area compared to the building facade

Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission

< 40% 0.40 (max) 2.1 W/m2K (max) 0.25 (min)

40% - 60% 0.32 (max) 2.1 W/m2K (max) 0.25 (min)

> 60% 0.25 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.1 (min)

Thermal requirements for glazing - general areas

Thermal requirements for glazing – shop front Area Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission

Other than ground floor 0.76 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) -

Thermal performance and light transmission 501.01

Thermal requirements for spandrel areas

Area Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission

All areas including glazed spandrels

N / A 0.57 W/m2K (max) N / A

Thermal requirements for skylights % of vision area compared to

the roof area Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission

< 10% 0.32 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.4 (min) > 10% 0.25 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.3 (min)

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIv7q_rM88cCFUXDFAodKDIC-A&url=http://a1fla.com/low-e-glass/&psig=AFQjCNEgK77bZGpzENwl_l1xHxHZdhYkbA&ust=1442219600006612

Air tightness

Requirements for air tightness

Reference Document Acceptable Air Leakage Limit

Regulation 501.05 10 m3/hr m2 at a pressure difference of 50 Pa

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJzHlrbK88cCFcq3FAod2TsMyA&url=http://www.2eva.ie/air-tightness-testing-nsai-certified/&psig=AFQjCNFhX0cJKwl-w3oNhgz2l3k_1fsl8w&ust=1442218913275337

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJa06PDK88cCFYNeFAodFwEJAQ&url=http://www.hrsservices.co.uk/air-tightness-consultancy-testing/&bvm=bv.102537793,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNFz2I-V8dQHYg2p2CmDOE92KDJGOw&ust=1442219062592235

Acoustics 403.01

Internal Noise level Requirement

Leaq day Leaq night Lamax night NR Code

Habitable rooms 35 30 45 - UK Regs Doc E

Office (closed) - - - 35 BS 8233

Office (Open plan) - - - 38 BS 8233

Requirements for natural ventilation

Comply with UK regs doc E / BS 8233

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIWSx_vP88cCFYNcFAodK-kJzA&url=http://glassdoctor.com/double-pane-windows&psig=AFQjCNHPcTXcIDgdjqathQc-KCE6fylknw&ust=1442220434355778

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCI25gcbQ88cCFcZAFAod9qIPOw&url=http://www.metroglasstech.co.nz/catalogue/060.aspx&psig=AFQjCNHA0b4sM5GXtE1G_79Dz3t6UCK5lg&ust=1442220493577940

Civil Defence - Passive fire protection strategies

Requirements for fire protection

Criteria Clause Requirement

Fire stop / smoke seal 3.2.4.6 To match floor rating. Typ 2Hrs

Opening separation 3.2.4.3 1hr of 915 mm of 1Hr separation required

Fire testing Curtain wall will require fire testing – fire consultant

to liaise with DCD with respect to details

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCLex-93W88cCFUQ5Ggod3SMHRg&url=https://www.us.hilti.com/facade&bvm=bv.102537793,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNGiJ08cJOU2IOwpwgDGKC6oXi-dmw&ust=1442222251326570

3. Assessing new technologies

50% LT SC < 0.3

Glass low iron Triple silver

multifunction low e Glass fritted

Building has light wells 30% LT SC < 0.3 Reflective glass Aluminium spandrels

Glazing – current / recent past

Cold bent – Glass – First generation

Strasbourg station

• Glass bent in the autoclave and SG retains the warp

Ocean heights First high rise cold bent in the world

ICA building NY

Cold bent - Glass

http://thomasmayerarchive.de/categories.php?cat_id=1308&sessionid=cea5f17ef09f93839e01cb7305d05006&l=english

Cold bent – Glass – Second generation

Meydan Bike Station – AE7 Architects

• In Meydan Bike station warp limits are increased by warping before applying the IGU silicone and then retaining shape with template until installation

Glass tubes

Sage glass

Future – switchable glass

50% light transmission 38% SHGC

Thermo-chromatic glass - Suntuitive

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJnDwvfg88cCFYVuFAodeuQFAQ&url=http://brooklynimbecile.com/2011/03/17/materials-from-the-future/&bvm=bv.102537793,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNEhism7g208sp66YK6oEN8dTzkjHA&ust=1442224982151870

• Multi colours now available

• Multi layers now available

Harlem Hospital New York HOK - PPG -J.E. Berkowitz

Frit printing - Digital – multi coloured

http://www.google.ae/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ruqG_LkTpHQ0cM&tbnid=_nqthHgAwNbqKM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.hok.com/design/type/healthcare/harlem-hospital-center--major-modernization/&ei=ocyUUpz3FIbFswaAkYCoCA&bvm=bv.57155469,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNF1VbjCku5n36rGzmo19mMctGC4Ig&ust=1385569677080793

• Body tinted glass – more subtle / transparent colours now available Novartis forum Phase 3

Deiner Architects - Schott glass

Coloured glass

http://www.google.ae/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=rMvAaOH8K7Cn7M&tbnid=prTKW4EYvgFS9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/picture-galleries/2011/january/25/a-tour-of-the-latest-developments-at-the-novartis-campus/?idx%3D4&ei=TNOUUsrYNoPRtQbP0oDQCQ&bvm=bv.57155469,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNG7bgZ6OR-8z-IveVQygX7lCyCV2g&ust=1385571487631636

Pictoglas

• Fritting applied whilst glass is still hot

• Effect is a modern day stain glass solution

La Defence offices Paris – UN studio – chameleon lab

• Glass film changes colour when viewed from different angles

Dichoic Laminated Glass

• Internally / externally ventilated • 300mm to 1.5m system depths • Costly material use • Cleaning considerations

Typical Existing Design

• Internally vented • Pressurised dry air • 100mm zone

inHaus2 Duisburg Germany

Double Skin Designs

Algae Façade – worlds first – Hamburg – bio fuel

New concepts

http://www.archdaily.com/?attachment_id=339452

MIT – Transparent thin film photo voltaic cells

New concepts

Thank you

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Designing and optimising a glass curtain wall facade

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Transcript of Designing and optimising a glass curtain wall facade

ctbuh.org/papers · 2017-07-26 · This design technique will introduce significant engineering advancement to the curtain wall industry and building facade. Keywords: Structural

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