Department of Anesthesiology Division of Perioperative Echocardiography · 2017. 5. 5. ·...

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Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin for assisting

difficult delivery at C-section

Candice Morrissey, MD, MSPHCardiac Anesthesiology and

Complex Cardiac Disease in Parturients

University of Utah

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Overview - Nitroglycerin

• Nitroglycerin general uses

• Mechanism of action

• Evidence

• Caveats

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Mechanism of Action

T. Mu ̈nzel et al. / Vascular Pharmacology 63 (2014) 105–113

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin and platelets

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2015:9

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin cardiovascular use

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin and LVEDP

Coronary Perfusion Pressure = Diastolic BP - LV End Diastolic Pressure

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Smooth muscle of the uterus

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin as a uterine relaxant

• Uses as a uterine relaxant:

• Cervical ripening

• Acute Tocolysis

• External version

• Extraction at Cesarean section

• Primary dysmenorrhea

• Development of preeclampsia

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Competing interests?

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Competing interests?

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Common understanding

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

IV Nitroglycerin

• General benefits:

• Onset of action (clinically evident in 30 seconds)

• Rapid termination (T1/2 2-2.5 min)

• ***Relative hemodynamic stability***

• General side effects:

• Dose-dependent HA/flushing and dizziness

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin

• Relative Contraindications:

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Left ventricular outflow obstructions

• Contraindication:

• Allergy to organic nitrates

• Increased Intracranial Pressure

• Pericardial constriction/restriction/tamponade

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin use in delivery of infant

• Benefits in the setting of difficult delivery

• Uterine relaxation facilitating delivery with decreased

birth trauma

• Concerns

• Profound hypotension in the setting of reduced preload

• Uterine atony resulting in PPH?

• Platelet dysfunction resulting in increased bleeding?

• Fetal effects?

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin use in delivery of infant

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin use in delivery of infant

Axemo P, Fu X, Lindberg B, et al, "Intravenous Nitroglycerin for Rapid Uterine Relaxation," Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1998,

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin use in delivery of infant

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin - Cochrane Review

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin - Cochrane Review

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin - Cochrane Review

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Nitroglycerin - Cochrane Review

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

ACOG

• 2006

• Nitroglycerin may be used when immediate relaxation

of the uterus is needed.

“We’ve got to get the baby out!”-Porth

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Dose matters

• Recommended dose IV nitroglycerin

• 100-200 micrograms

• redose in 2 minutes

• Reverse tocolytics with oxytocin

• Hypovolemia and hypotension should be corrected

prior to administration

Chandraharan E and Arulkumaran S, "Acute Tocolysis," Curr Opin

Obstet Gynecol, 2005, 17(2):151-6. [PubMed 15758607]

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Department of Anesthesiology

Division of Perioperative

Echocardiography

Thank You