Post on 05-Jan-2016
Dental Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy of the Skull
Jaw Bone– Maxilla upper– Mandible lower
Oral Anatomy – Teeth
Oral anatomy Tooth• Central Incisor• Lateral Incisor• Canine• First Premolar• Second Premolar• First Molar• Second Molar• Third Molar
Oral Anatomy – Teeth
Incisor – four front teeth either jawCentral Incisor –first tooth on either side of
center line of face Lateral Incisor – second tooth from center line
of faceCanine – single tooth separating incisors and
molars on both jaws, third tooth from center line of face
Oral Anatomy – Teeth
Molars – grinding teeth First Premolar – fourth tooth from centerline of
face Second Premolar – fifth tooth from centerline
of face First Molar – sixth tooth from centerline of face Second Molar – seventh tooth from centerline
of face Third Molar/wisdom tooth – eight tooth from
centerline of face
Oral Anatomy
TonsilUvula TongueGingiva (Gums)
Oral Anatomy
Tonsil – mass of special lymph tissueUvula – small tissue projecting in the middle
of palate in throat Tongue – organ of speech and tasteGingiva (Gums) – the tissue that surrounds the
tooth
Tooth Anatomy
CrownNeckRootEnamelDentinPulpCementumPeriodontal MembraneNerve and blood supply
Tooth Anatomy
Crown – the part of the tooth you see Neck –the tooth at the gum line Root – part of the tooth connecting to jaw Enamel – the bony covering of the crown Dentin – hard substance surrounding the pulp Pulp – contains nerves for sensing heat cold
and pressure and blood vessels for nourishing the tooth
Tooth Anatomy
Cementum – sensitive, bonelike structure covering the root
Periodontal Membrane – tissue lining tooth socket
Nerve and blood supply – feeds nutrients to the pulp provides nerve path ways
Gum Anatomy
Gingiva (gum)Gingiva CreviceAlveolar BonePeriodontal Ligament
Gum Anatomy
Gingiva (gum) – soft tissue covering the jaw bones and surrounding the teethGingiva Crevice – soft tissue going down into theupper part of the tooth socketPeriodontal Ligament - the fibrous, net-like tendon that holds our teeth in their socketsAlveolar Bone - can best be described as a thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socketsurrounding the roots of teeth
Professional Dental Examination
Tooth decay is one of the most common of alldisorders, second only to the common cold
Regular dental visits are essential for maintaining healthy teeth and gums
The cleaning/prophylaxis is performed by adentist or dental hygienist
Professional Dental Examination
Plaque – a thin transparent film on the toothsurface, containing much bacteria, if not removed it forms tartar Uses sugar and other carbohydrates to form
acids which deteriorates tooth enamel which leads to cavities
Plaque/Tartar that formsalong the gum line produces toxins that cause redness, swelling and bleeding of thegums which is a condition known as gingivitis
PeriodontitisIf left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis
Professional Dental Examination
Calculus – any abnormal stony mass or depositformed in the body, as in the kidney or gallbladder, or on teeth, advanced stage of tartar The result of minerals (example: various salts,
such as calcium phosphate, dental calculus) in saliva combining with plaque to form a rough deposit on the teeth
Calculus
Your toothbrush and dental floss cannot remove calculus once it has formed; it can only be removed during a regular dental prophylaxis or cleaning.
Individuals vary greatly in their susceptibility to plaque and calculus
For many, these deposits build up faster as we age.
Prophylaxis/Cleaning
Scaling and polishing procedure performed to remove normal plaque, calculus and stains on teeth
While the main objective of prophylaxis is to prevent gum disease it can also improve the appearance of teeth
ProphylaxisScaling is performed using hand tools instruments or the ultrasonic prophylaxis to remove calculus from the teeth
PolishingPolishing with a special paste by means of adental handpiece removes remaining plaque and stains
Fluoride and Tooth DecayTooth enamel is the very hard outer layer covering your teeth and consists of many closely-packed rods made of mineralsWhen you eat, acid (plaque) forms on the outside of the tooth and seeps into the enamel’srodsDecayThis demineralizationprocess can produce aweak spot on the tooth’ssurface which can leadto decay
Fluoride and Tooth DecayFluoride helps prevent tooth decay by slowing the breakdown of enamel and speeding up the natural remineralization processCommon sources of fluoride Fluoridated water Toothpaste Mouth rinse
If you happen to live in an area where thewater does not have enough fluoridation yourdentist can provide fluoride gels, rinses, dropsand tablet supplements
Dental SpecialtiesDentist: a person whose profession is the careof teeth and the surrounding soft tissues including the prevention and elimination of decay, the replacement of missing teeth with artificial ones.Orthodontics: the branch of dentistry concerned with diagnosing, correcting and preventing irregularities of the teeth: Corrects for crowded, misaligned teeth and bite
Problems Can be performed on both children and adults
Dental Specialist (cont)Periodontic: the branch of dentistry concernedwith diseases of the bone and tissue supportingthe teethEndondontic: the branch of dentistry that treats disorders of the pulp and performs root-canalOral Surgeon – the branch of dentistry dealingwith the surgical treatment of disorders anddisease of the teeth, gums, and jawPediadontic – the branch of dentistry dealingwith the care and treatment of children’s teeth