Post on 21-Aug-2020
Dealing with water scarcity and drought: EU policies and
regulations
MartaMorenAbat,DGEnvECThierryDavy,Sr.WaterReources
Specialist,WB
December12,2016
WaterScarcity&DroughtsintheEuropeanUnion
• Overthepastfortyyears,droughtshavedramaJcallyincreasedinnumberandintensityintheEU.
• Thenumberofareasandpeopleaffectedbydroughtswentupbyalmost20%between1976and2006.
• Oneofthemostwidespreaddroughtsoccurredin2003whenover100millionpeopleandathirdoftheEUterritorywereaffected.
• In2003,thecostofthedamagetotheEuropeaneconomywasatleast€8.7billion.
• Thetotalcostofdroughtsoverthepastthirtyyearsamountsto€100billion.Theyearlyaveragecostquadrupledoverthesameperiod.
MapofdroughteventsinEurope(2002-2009)
Definingdroughtandwaterscarcity
• While"drought"meansatemporarydecreaseinwateravailabilitydueforinstancetorainfalldeficiency,"waterscarcity"meansthatwaterdemandexceedsthewaterresourcesexploitableundersustainablecondiJons.
• Atleast11%oftheEuropeanpopulaJonand17%ofitsterritoryhavebeenaffectedbywaterscarcitytodate.RecenttrendsshowasignificantextensionofwaterscarcityacrossEurope.
Droughtandwaterscarcity:notonlyasouthernissueinEurope!
• OfcoursethisphenomenaissensibleinallMediterraneancountriesbutitalsoaffectscentralandnorthernEuropeancountriessuchasUK,Hungary,Finland,theNetherlands,
• TodaydroughteventsarepotenJallyimpacJngabout200millionsofpeopleintheEU.
• Thewaterscarcityissuehastobeexaminedundertheworldwidecontextofclimatechange,andtheinvolvementoftheCommissionwillbecrucialinthefuturewhenimplemenJngexisJngEUpolicies(WFD,groundwaterdirecJve,…)
The2007EUcommunicaJon• Itemphasisthat:accesstogoodqualitywaterinsufficientquanJtyisfundamentaltothedailylivesofeveryhumanbeingandtomosteconomicacJviJes.Butwaterscarcityanddroughtshavenowemergedasamajorchallenge
• ItrequiresintersectoralcollaboraJon:waterscarcityanddroughtsarethereforenotjustamaderforwatermanagers.TheyhaveadirectimpactonciJzensandeconomicsectorswhichuseanddependonwater,suchasagriculture,tourism,industry,energyandtransport
The2007EUcommunicaJon• ThecommunicaJonpresentsaniniJalsetofpolicyopJons:– ProgressingtowardsfullimplementaJonoftheWaterFrameworkDirecJve(RBMP/PoM)
– TacklingtheissueofineffecJvewaterpricingpolicies– Havingaconsistentland-useplanning/waterallocaJon– PromoJngwatersavingsandwaterhierarchy– integraJngofwater-relatedconcernsintowater-relatedsectoralpolicies(CAP,energy)
– Finallydevelopingknowledge,datamonitoringtoproposeadequatepolicies
WaterscarcityanddroughtintheEU
Waterscarcityanddroughts con1nuetoaffect:• 14%totalpopulaJonof
EuropeunderwaterstresscondiJonsduringsummer
• 20riverbasindistrictsfacestructuralwaterstressissues,mainlyintheMediterranean
• AgricultureintheMediterraneanregionaloneaccountsforalmost75%oftotalwaterusedforagricultureinEurope
2012BlueprinttosafeguardEurope'swaterresourcesCommunicaJon
• TheWaterBlueprint'sJmehorizoniscloselyrelatedtotheEU's2020Strategyand,inparJcular,tothe2011ResourceEfficiencyRoadmap,ofwhichtheBlueprintisthewatermilestone.
• However,theanalysisunderpinningtheBlueprintcoversalongerJmespan,upto2050,andisexpectedtodriveEUwaterpolicyoverthelongterm.
BlueprintobjecJves:wherewewanttobe
• Goal– EnsuresustainabilityofallacJviJesthatimpactonwater,therebysecuringtheavailabilityofgood-qualitywaterforsustainableandequitablewateruse
• ObjecJves(somethingbeder,moreandnew)– BederimplementaJon– MoreintegraJon– Fewnewlegalproposalstocompletecurrentframework
DeliveryofPolicyOpJons
• SuccessofBlueprintdependsonwillingnessandacJonbyMStoinvolvestakeholdersandimproveimplementaJonofexisJnglegislaJon
• CommonImplementaJonStrategytofacilitateearlyimplementaJonofBlueprintproposals
• Enforcementthroughinfringementswherenecessary
• PossiblenewlegislaJveiniJaJves
TheBlueprintpackage• BlueprintCommunicaJonCOM(2012)673+ImpactAssessment
SWD(2012)381&382
• ReportonRiverBasinManagementPlansCOM(2012)670
• CommissionStaffWorkingDocument,EuropeanOverviewonRiverBasinManagementPlans,Volumes1and2SWD(2012)379
• CommissionStaffWorkingDocument,RiverBasinManagementPlans,Volumes3to30(AllMemberStates+Norway)SWD(2012)379
• CommunicaJonontheReviewoftheEuropeanWaterScarcityandDroughtPolicyCOM(2012)672+accompanyingCommissionStaffWorkingDocumentSWD(2012)380
• FitnessCheck
BlueprintObjecJves
Waterreuseinthe2012Blueprint
OpportunityforanEUac1on
• ECCommunicaJon:"ABlueprinttosafeguardEurope'swaterresources"(November2012):
• interesJngopJontoaddresswaterscarcity
• untappedpotenJalinmanysituaJons• lackofconsideraJoninwater
management,lackofharmonizedstandards
WaterreuseinCircularEconomy• ECCommunicaJon:"Closingtheloop–AnEUacJonplanforthe
CircularEconomy"(December2015):
• Chapter4.Fromwastetoresources:boosJngthemarketforsecondaryrawmaterialsandwaterreuse
• Listoffollow-upiniJaJves(Annex):• Reuseinintegratedwaterplanningandmanagement◊CISGuidance• MinimumqualityrequirementsforwaterreuseforirrigaJon&GW
recharge◊legislaJveproposal• WaterreuseinindustrialacJviJes◊BREFs• SupporttoresearchandinnovaJon• EUfundsforinvestmentsinwaterreuse
CircularEconomy:WaterReuseinKeyacJonareas
• Reuseinintegratedwaterplanningandmanagement
• Minimumqualityrequirementsforwaterreuse
• WaterreuseinindustrialacJviJes• SupporttoresearchandinnovaJon• EUfundsforinvestmentsinwater
reuse
MinimumqualityrequirementsforwaterreuseinirrigaJonandaquiferrecharge:• AddressingthelackofacoherentandcomprehensivelegislaJve
frameworkwithintheEU.• Focuson2usesofmostrelevanceatEUlevel:agricultureand
ongroundwaterrecharge.• Timeline:• IncepJonImpactAssessmentpublished◊April2016• TechnicalproposalbyJRCandconsultedwiththeindependent
ScienJficCommideeonHealthandEnvironmentalRisks(SCHER)◊end2016
• ConsultaJonofMSandorganizaJonsviatheCIS◊2016-2017• ProposalforanEUlegislaJon◊mid2017
Casestudy:Spain• ImplementaJonofDrought'sSpecialPlansandWaterReuse
Strategy.
• In May 2016:The Government will declare in the territorialareasof theHydrographicDemarcaJonsof the Júcar and theSegura, the drought situaJon through the Royal Decrees355/2015,of8ofMayand356/2015,of8ofMay,respecJvely.
• The RegulaJon would allow to:Progress in meeJngenvironmentalobjecJves,and inparJculartoassessthestateof water bodies, idenJfy the pressures that lead to theirdeterioraJon, and implement the necessary correcJvemeasures
Casestudy:Spain
• Short,mediumandlongtermmeasures.• UptoSeptember30,2017arethecommissioningandexecuJonofsurveysfortheprovisionofaddiJonalresources,theuseofrolledvolumesinrainfallepisodes,theuseofunallocatedseawaterdesalinaJonresourcesanddroughtsandTheuseofstateinfrastructuresthatmakeitpossibletodistributeresources.
ManagementofdroughtsinSpain• Toplananimplementmeasures
inadvanceisthekeymiJgaJonmeasuretoreducethesocio-economicandenvironmentalimpactsofdroughts.
• Mainplanningtools:• Droughtbasinplansaspartof
theRBMPs• Indicators• Emergencyplansforurban
areas
Increasingtheavailablewaterresources
• TheRBMPSshouldcontainsupplementarymeasures
• "ConstrucJonorimprovementofnewreservoirs,construcJon,improvementofsupplynetworks,execuJonofnewpumpingstaJons,desalinaJon,regeneraJonofirrigaJon,improvementofguaranteeagainstdrought,newcatchmentsandimprovementofexisJngonesandoperaJonandmaintenanceofinfrastructuresofsupply".
DroughtmanagementinFrance
• Droughteventsbecomemoreandmorefrequent
• Threeimportanteventssince2000• About85%ofthe60millionFrenchinhabitantsimpactedbyrestricJonin2005
• 75departmentswheremeasuresofrestricJonweretakenduringthesummer2005
• In2003,77departmentswereimpacted
WaterusesrestricJonin2005
Costsfortheagriculturalsector
Costs(300millions)andproducJonlossesfortheenergysector
French yearly hydroelectricity production (thousands of GWh)
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AdapJngtodrought/prevenJngwaterscarcity
• Thefirsteventofseveredroughthappenedin1976
• Since1987theinvestmentstopreventwaterscarcityrepresentabout5billioneurosinFrance,about30%werefinancedbywateragencies
• Themeasuresdealwith:interconnecJon,transfer,metering,watersaving,useofBAT,watercharges,storage,waterreuse,….
ExisJngtoolsandmeasuresinFrance• TheMasterplansof1992includeearlywarningsystemswiththresholds(informaJon,alert,crisis),includedinRBMPs
• Quotasarefixedforsomeaquifers• RestricJonmeasurescanbetakenatlocallevel• Monitoringandmeteringaredevelopedforbothsuperficialandgroundwaters
• AgreementareexisJngwith«owners»ofdamstoprovidewaterforreceipJngmiddlesduringthedryseason
• PrevenJvemeasuresarefinancedbywateragenciesandchargesarecollected
ThanksalotforyouradenJon
Marta.MOREN-ABAT@ec.europa.eutdavy@worldbank.org
• Thanks a lot for your attention