DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

LAB 3

Bianca Tesila

FILS, March 2014

OBJECTIVES

Template functions Template classes Stack Applications of stack

TEMPLATES

‼Short reminder: why do we need templates?

Study ex1.cpp: KeyStorage class from the previous lab

Pay attention to the way of defining the class methods

TEMPLATES

‼Template functions: we can also use templates when we work in a procedural fashion.

Study ex2.cpp and ex2_swap.cpp

STACK

instance of an abstract data type (ADT) that formalizes the concept of restricted collection (LIFO = last in first out)

ADT vs. Data Structures: ADT is in the logical level and data structure is in the implementation level: ADT: the stack itself Data Structure: the stack implemented with an

array

STACK: ACCESS TO ELEMENTS

‼ In a stack, all the operations take place at the top of the top of the stack.

Consequently, we can have access to stack elements only through the top of the stack.

STACK: BASIC OPERATIONS push(x)

Adds the element x at the top of the stack

pop() Removes the element from the top of the stack and returns it Returns an error if the stack is empty

STACK: BASIC OPERATIONS peek()

Returns (but does not remove) the element at the top of the stack

isEmpty() Returns 1 if the stack is empty and 0 otherwise

STACK: ARRAY-BASED IMPLEMENTATION

Study stack_basic.cpp

Test the basic operations for a stack of char elements

Implement the following functionalities: display all the elements of a stack sort the elements of the stackTest the new methods!

STACK: APPLICATIONS

‼Exercise: Implement a class named LargeStack which can stock two arbitrary values of type T (use class templates). The class can have just two members:

Stack<T> Smain, Saux; Smain is the main stack which allows stocking the values added to

LargeStack. Saux is the auxiliary stack which has to be empty before and after

the call to a function of LargeStack class.

LargeStack class has the following main functions: void push(T x): add an element x to the top of the Smain stack T pop() : delete and return the element of the top of Smain

stack void swap(int i): exchange the values from level i and j of

Smain stack. The levels are numbered starting with 0. If an error occurs, the stack won’t be modified. You can use Saux stack for temporary stocking of any values you want.

HOMEWORK

Finish all the lab exercises.

Using a stack, implement an algorithm for converting a number from a base to another base.

For instance, 510 = 1012 .

Using a stack, check whether a given string is palindrome or not.