Daily Food for Thought

1

Why do animals have different breeds?

I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS.

Learning Target

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Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one

another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.

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Beef BreedsWhat’s the difference between

British breeds and

continental breeds?

CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN THE

BRITISH ISLES 2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

IS BOS TAURUS3. TEND TO BE SMALLER

STATURE AND FINISH FASTER (FATTEN)

British Breeds

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• Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland

• Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled*

• Smooth hair coat• Medium frame size• Heavy muscled

– *Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)

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• Origin: Herefordshire, England

• Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat

• Medium frame size• Medium muscled

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• Origin: Northern England

• Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color)

• Medium to large frame size

• Medium muscle

CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN EUROPEAN

CONTINENT2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

IS BOS TAURUS3. TEND TO BE LARGER AND

LEANER

Continental Breeds

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• Origin: South Central France

• Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly

• Medium to large frame size, long body

• Heavy muscle

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• Origin: Northwest France

• Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color

• Large frame size• Heavily muscled

Charolais• Originated from France• White in color• Can be horned or polled• Heavily muscled• Considered a bull breed - because they add

weight through muscle• Heavy birth weights• Late maturing – larger carcass weight

Simmental

Simmental

• Originated from Switzerland• Can be either yellow/red with white or red with

white patches• In the US we tend to breed more for black and

white by crossing with Angus• Was originally dual purpose, now used mainly as

a beef breed• Larger mature size – increased input =

increased output, greater feed efficiency• Larger Carcass yield but also good milkers

Chianina

Chianina

• Originated in Italy (Chiana Valley-Tuscany)• White to steel gray in color with black points

(nose, hooves, switch) • One of the oldest breeds - used as models for

Roman sculpture• Horned• Extremely large frame• Low milk production• Terminal breed

CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN ASIA AND

INDIA2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

IS BOS INDICUS3. LARGER, LESS MUSCLE,

DROOPY EARS, LOTS OF SKINS

Zebu Breeds

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Brahman• Originated from Bos indicus cattle

(Zebu) from India• Various colors, but greys and browns are

predominant• Characteristic hump over shoulder, large

droopy ears, and lots of excess skin under neck and belly

• Bos Indicus breed of cattle (not Bos Taurus) • Heat and parasite resistance (big advantage)• Low birth weights and good mothering ability• Undesirable carcass traits (big disadvantage)

Santa Gertrudis

Santa Gertrudis

• Developed on the King Ranch in Texas,USA

• Cross of 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman

• Deep cherry red to reddish brown in color

• Can be horned or polled

• Long, droopy ears, lots of skin under neck and sheath

• Resistance to heat and parasites

Beefmaster

Beefmaster

• Developed in the USA• 3 way cross between Hereford (1/4),

Shorthorn (1/4), and Brahman (1/2)• Selected for ability to grow well under

range conditions (out in LARGE areas of land, means they must be able to grow well without additional feed and little extra care)

Longhorn

Longhorn• Originated in the Mexico/USA• Generally multicolored• Characteristic long horns• Bred historically for meat and trail drive to

market• Now bred mainly as a hobby (roping cattle,

for their horns)• Poor meat quality• High fertility

DESIGN YOUR OWN BEEF OPERATION AND SELECT TWO BREEDS TO CROSSBREED. EXPLAIN WHAT TRAITS EACH HAVE THAT MAKE THEM SUITABLE FOR YOUR OPERATION.BE SURE TO SAY WHERE IT IS LOCATED AND WHAT YOU WILL TARGET AS A MARKET.

EXIT Slip

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Daily Food for Thought

26

What important contributions to human society have pigs given?

I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS.

Learning Target

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Swine Breeds

Duroc

• Originated in the United States

• Solid red • Drooped ears• Slight dish to the face• Excellent meat type

hog

Hampshire

• Originated in the United States (Ky)

• Probably the oldest American breed

• Black with a white belt• Small, erect ears• Well-known meat

breed

Chester White

• Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania

• White with drooped ears

• Mothering breed• Known to produce

large litters

Yorkshire

• Originated in England

• White • Large, erect ears• Known as “The

Mother Breed”• Produces large

litters

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Landrace

• Origin-Denmark

• Ears-Droopy• Color-White• Misc.-

extremely long body

Berkshire

• Originated in England• Black with white legs,

snout and switch• Once kept at

Buckingham Palace• Known for producing

high quality meats• Erect ears

Poland China

• Originated in Ohio from Berkshires

• Noted for ability to easily gain weight

• Quiet dispositions• Black with white

snouts, legs and switch• Generally poor

mothers• Drooped ears

Spots

• Developed in Indiana

• Black and white spots

• Efficient feeders• Noted for rapid

weight gain

Hereford

• Originated in Missouri• Developed from

crossing Berkshires and Durocs

• Red with white face, legs and underline

• Medium-sized, drooping ear

• Long neck

Tamworth

• Originated in Ireland• Red in color• A noted bacon

breed• Deep-sided• Well-arched back• Erect ears• Good mothers • Very active

Pietrain• A heavily muscled

European breed, the Pietrain carried/carrys the STRESS gene, associated with high muscling, but susceptibility to PSE (pork quality) problems and stress susceptibility (leading to increased mortality).

Review

• Name the 3 white breeds and the differences between them

• Name the 2 breeds with black bodies and six white points and the differences between them.

• Name the 3 red breeds and the differences between them

• Name the 2 breeds that have spots and the differences between them

Swine Breed Quiz

1. What is the name of this breed?

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Swine Breed Quiz

2. What is the name of this breed?

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Swine Breed Quiz

3. What is the name of this breed?

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Swine Breed Quiz

4. What is the name of this breed?

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Swine Breed Quiz

• Originated in England

• Black with white legs, snout and switch

• Once kept at Buckingham Palace

• Known for producing high quality meats

• Erect ears

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5. What breed has the following traits?

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Sheep Breeds

SuffolkSuffolkAs the name could infer, it As the name could infer, it

developed in Englanddeveloped in England

Legs Legs & & head are free of wool; head are free of wool; && possess black hair possess black hair

Are long legged Are long legged && muscular muscular

Has very regal appearanceHas very regal appearance

It is a large to very large It is a large to very large breed of sheepbreed of sheep

Photo: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley University of Nevada-Reno

HampshireHampshireOriginated in EnglandOriginated in England

It has black hair on its legs It has black hair on its legs && head, it has also black head, it has also black pigmentation of nose, pigmentation of nose, mouth, mouth, && hooves hooves

The legs are free of wool The legs are free of wool below the knee/hockbelow the knee/hock

The face is free of wool, The face is free of wool, but wool is present on but wool is present on the forehead/pollthe forehead/poll

A medium to large breedA medium to large breedPhoto: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley, University of Nevada-Reno

SouthdownSouthdownOriginated in EnglandOriginated in England

It is all white; with It is all white; with grayish pigmentation of grayish pigmentation of mouth, nose, mouth, nose, && ears ears

Is completely wool Is completely wool covered, from its nose covered, from its nose to its hoovesto its hooves

Adaptable Adaptable && early early maturingmaturing

Small to medium size Small to medium size breedbreed

Photo: Sally Anne Thompson

DorsetDorset Originated in WalesOriginated in WalesOut of season breedersOut of season breeders

They are all whiteThey are all white

Can be polled or hornedCan be polled or horned

Have wool on legs Have wool on legs && head, except for facehead, except for face

A thicker breed, with A thicker breed, with good muscle good muscle conformation; so has a conformation; so has a desirable carcassdesirable carcass

It is a medium sized It is a medium sized breedbreed

Photo: Unknown Source

Wool Breeds

Fine Wool

MerinoMerino

Finest wool breed in the world.

Originated in Spain

Merino wool is finely crimped and soft.

Photo: Unknown Source

RambouilletRambouilletAs the name indicates, As the name indicates,

the breed has roots in the breed has roots in FranceFrance

Both sexes are horned, Both sexes are horned, && they are very they are very distinguished distinguished && regal regal in appearancein appearance

Has loose skin from Has loose skin from neck to breast/chest neck to breast/chest floor areafloor area

It is a large breed of It is a large breed of sheepsheep

Photo: Unknown Source

Wool BreedsCarpet Wool

CotswoldCotswoldOriginated in England

(Hills of Gloucester)

Has white face & legs

Dark pigmentation of the nose, mouth, inside the ears, & on the hooves

Fleece is carried in locks & is quite abundant from the foretop/poll

A medium to large breedPhoto: Unknown Source

LincolnLincoln Originated in EnglandIt is all white; with dark

pigmentation of the nose, mouth, & inside the ears

The fleece is carried in very heavy locks & it is well wooled to knees/hocks

It has a well pronounced foretop/poll of long wool

It is often or commonly referred to as the world’s largest breed of sheepPhoto: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley,

University of Nevada-Reno

• Other Breeds

BarbadoBarbadoOriginated in Texas

Tan, tan with pale belly, tan with black belly, or pied are most common color/color pattern

Hair Sheep

Due to distinctive horns, used as trophy animal on big game ranches

Photo: Lynn Magedson

TunisTunisOne of oldest breeds that

is indigenous to the US

Beige/creamy color wool

Both sexes are polled, & the ears are rather large

Adaptable & disease resistance

Medium size, meat sheep

Photo: Unknown Source

Exit Slip

• Develop a chart listing breed name, place of origin, use, characteristics.

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