CULTURAL CHANGE

• Acculturation – adapting yourself by taking on the traits of a new culture (music, language, foods, etc.)

• Diffusion – spread of one culture to another

New vs Old

• Globalization – world connections increase and cultures become more alike–Companies are found in different

nations–Music & clothing styles spread quickly

• Traditionalism – oppose new ideas and desire to maintain the old ways

• Fundamentalism – where traditional customs are reinforced by a strict religion

Demography

• Industrial Revolution & Urbanization–Towns & cities grew up around

factories–Cities also grew as centers of the

exchange of goods, particularly along rivers & seacoasts–This increased urbanization –

movement of people to cities

Factors Influencing Where People Settle

Physical Factors

Human Factors

Climate

NaturalResources

Bodies ofWater

Landforms

Level ofTechnology

Transportation Routes

Economic Activities

Urbanization

Physical Factors Affecting Settlement

• Temperate climate• Fertile soil• Near fresh water• Fewer in dry, wet, cold, or mountainous

Human Factors Affecting Settlement

• Near political or economic centers• Along transportation routes (coastlines, roads,

railroad lines, airports)• Areas with improving technology• Urbanization–Poor moving in seeking jobs–More well-off people moving to newer

homes outside city center - suburbs

Population Density Maps

• Population density – how many people live per square mile in a given area – EX: U.S. has ___ people per sq. mi.

• A pop. density map shows how densely populated in that area as well as distribution

• Dot population maps uses dots to show the location of major towns and how concentrated they are

Work this example in your notes

The U.S. covers almost 4,000,000 square miles.The U.S. has approximately 312,000,000 people.What is the U.S.’s population density?D=m/v…answer is ________ people per sq. mi.

78 people per sq. mi.Is the U.S. crowded?

• Canada – 8 people per sq. mi.• Mexico – 134 people per sq. mi.• China – 344 people per sq. mi.• Germany – 602 people per sq. mi.• India – 811 people per sq. mi.• South Korea – 1,260 people per sq. mi.• Singapore – 17, 202 people per sq. mi.!!!!!

Pop. Growth Factors

• Natural increase–Birth rate–Death rate–Affected by food supply, level of

health care, level of development, war, & natural disasters

• Migration–Push-pull factors• Economic reasons• Environmental hazards• Political reasons

– Emigrants exiting your country– Immigrants coming into your country–Countries may pass laws to limit migration

• Developed countries tend to have low growth rates

• Less-developed countries tend to have high growth rates

• Some developed countries have reached zero pop. growth

• A few countries have “negative growth” – population is in decline

Population pyramids

Egypt – shows rapid pop. Growth and low avg. age of death

China – shows population growth slowing

U.S. is showing slow growth and an increasing older group – you are about to become the

“donut”

France is at about zero population growth

India is experiencing very rapid growth

Germany is experiencing negative growth

• World pop growth

Future growth

• The world crossed 7 billion sometime in 2011. Factors that will affect future growth include medical and agricultural advances, pollution, attempts by rapid growth societies to bring that growth under control

Future Population

GreenRevolution

Medical advances

Pollution?Overpopulation?

AIDS?

FORMS OF GOVT.

Monarchy

• Hereditary ruler controls the govt.–Divine right – rule by the will of

God–Constitutional monarchy – rulers

power limited by & people’s rights protected by law

Republic

• Representative government ruled by law • Protects basic rights

Democracy

• Direct government ruled by the majority • Concerned with group wants or needs• Direct democracy – all citizens vote on all

issues• Representative democracy – elect

people to carry out their will

Dictatorship

• One person rules through military power• Often unstable• Force used against those who disagree

with govt.

Totalitarianism

• Govt. controls all aspects of individual life• Controls police, military, communications,

economy, education,

Theocracy

• Run by a religious leader or leaders• Religion is the law