Interpersonal Communication

Leadership

Decision Making

Cognitive skills Interpersonal skillsmental processes

gaining and maintainingSituational Awareness

solving problems

making decisions

behavioral activities

associated with communications

associated with teamwork

Situational Awareness in the Cockpit

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Loss of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Loss of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Loss of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

CLUES TO IDENTIFYING:

• Gain of Situational Awareness• Links in the Error Chain

1. FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS

2. UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURES

3. DEPARTURE FROM SOP

4. VIOLATING MINIMUMS OR LIMITATIONS

5. FAILURE TO MONITOR

6. COMMUNICATIONS

7. AMBIGUITY

8. UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES

9. PREOCCUPATION OR DISTRACTION

10. CONFUSION OR EMPTY FEELING

11. NEED TO HURRY / LAST MINUTE CHANGES

12. FATIGUE

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL

HU

AM

N

OBEY

SELF AWARENESS

encompasses Inquiry and Advocacy

1. Opening / Attention getter“Hey Chief”

“Captain Smith”

“Bob”

2. State your concern “I’m concerned we may not have enough fuel to fly aroundthis storm system!”

3. State the problem as you see it “We’re only showing 40min. of fuel left”

4. State a solution “Let’s divert to another airport and refuel”

5. Obtain agreement (or buy-in) “Does that sound good to you Captain?”

No hi-jacking the cockpit

No secret plans!

Have a plan!

Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide

Abnormals / Emergency

• Fly the Airplane !! FMAs, AP, and AT

• Monitor the Airplane! Engage the autopilot

Silence Synoptic Discuss Decide

No hi-jacking the cockpit

No secret plans!

Have a plan!

The End