Post on 22-Nov-2014
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CRITICAL CARE NURSING CONCEPT
INTENSIVE CARE
DEFINITION THE PRACTICE OF ADMINISTERING
IMMEDIATE AND CONTINUOUS CARE TO CLIENTS WITH ACTUAL OR POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING HEALTH DISORDERS
MORE THAN 5 MILLION CLIENTS ARE ADMITTED ANNUALLY TO INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IN THE UNITED STATES
COMMON ACUTE OR CRITICAL DISORDERS Brain injuries Cardiovascular dysfunctions Pulmonary dysfunctions Childbirth Complications Infection/sepsis Shock and trauma Endocrine abnormalities Multisystem alterations Complex surgical procedures
PRIMARY ADMITTING DIAGNOSES Society of Critical Care Medicine Respiratory failure Postoperative management Ischemic heart disorder Sepsis and heart failure
CRITICAL CARE POPULATIONS Increasing number of adults 65 yrs of age 80% of older adults have at least one
chronic condition 50 % have at least 2 >50 % are filled with clients ages 65 yrs
old and above Projections : as the baby boomer
generation ages , there will be: a corresponding rise in chronic illness
and hospitalizations Increase need for critical care
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT TO CRITICAL CARE NURSE? The aging process is characterized
by physiologic changes These changes, with prevalence of
chronic conditions, contribute to increased
Morbidity and mortality in critical care units
CRITICAL CARE NURSING AACN defines critical care nursing as The specialty that deals with human
responses to life – threatening problems
Entry level nurses – function as generalists
Must possess a specialized body of knowledge and skills
- assessment (advanced), pharmacology , pathophysiology , biotechnology ,advanced communication skills , problem-solving skills and advocacy skills
SKILLS ARE ESSENTIAL To provide holistic or humanistic care to clients and their significant others.
THE PURPOSE OF NURSING to meet the needs of clients and
their families (physical, emotional, social and psychological needs )
provide safe transition through the health care system during a time of crisis
- admission in the unit is a crisis
- critical illness stimulates the stress response
NOTE THIS : The more compromised the client , the
more severe or complex are their needs .
ADVOCACY ROLE Must be able to assess key client
characteristics –
Span the health – illness continuum and are influenced by many factors :
educational background, resource availability , cultural background
These factors , along with the clients ability to make decisions , and level of strength during crisis , impact the client’s ability to participate in decision-making
IMPACT OF CRITICAL ILLNESS
Can generate strong emotions in family members
Shock , disbelief, denial , anger, despair, guilt, and fear of losing the client
CRITICAL CARE NURSE : THE CONTINUUM OF CARE SPECIALIZED NURSING CARE - Once considered the field of critical
care nurses, is now being assumed by nurses in progressive care units
- Progressive care is, therefore considered part of the continuum of critical care nursing
CONTINUOUS NURSING VIGILANCE Is significant to nursing the critically
ill Can make a substantial difference in
client outcomes To meet the changing needs of the
client , Both critical care and progressive
nurses must create an environment that -
- promotes the best health outcomes in a caring, competent manner to
ensure positive optimal outcomes for the
clients and families.
CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS For the nurses caring for the critically
ill : Resiliency Vulnerability Stability Complexity Resource availability Participation in care Participation in decision making Predictability
ESSENTIAL NURSE COMPETENCIES Clinical judgment Advocacy Caring practices Collaboration Systems thinking Response to diversity Clinical inquiry Facilitation of learning
CERTIFICATIONS PROGRAM Validates based upon predetermined
standards A nurse knowledge and qualifications
for practice in a defined functional or clinical area of nursing
AACN Certification Corporation supports critical care nurses by administering specialty certification programs
Measures what is pertinent to the care of critically ill clients today
NATIONAL CERTIFICATION Most up-to-date knowledge Promotes continuing excellence in the
nursing profession Standardizing care thru the use of
practice guidelines, practice alerts and protocols
Consistent evidence-based practice guidelines help to reduce errors and improve quality of care delivered
CONCLUSIONS Critical care nursing occurs in a
variety of settings . Health care will be pressed to provide
efficient and cost-effective services. Government subsidies of health care
may not be able to keep up with the demand.
Aging nurses are retiring or leaving critical care
Young or new nurses must step up to meet the exciting challenges of critical care nursing
FINALLY, Despite all the challenges of the future,
the center of all health care will still be the CLIENT, and the critical care nurse will
be the client, and the critical care nurse will be there at the client’s side.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS Nursing practice is directed and guided by an
understanding of the definition of health
WHO definition of health HOLISTIC QUALITIES
HIGH – LEVEL WELLNESS
HEALTH Each person in viewed as being part of
a complex , interconnected social, biologic, and environmental system