Post on 12-May-2015
description
Creative Commons in practice: Understanding CC, and applying and using
CC licences
Professor Anne FitzgeraldCreative Commons Australia
Queensland University of Technology
Griffith University Film SchoolSouth Bank, Brisbane
26 September 2013
© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald. This presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence.
T
Generic 2.0 ‘take the old machine’ by Angelo González, http://www.flickr.com/photos/21251150@N04/5291456294
Photographs, paintings, images, sculptures…
(artistic works)
Generic 2.0 ‘I Giovani e la Musica’ by Super UbO, http://www.flickr.com/photos/14443853@N07/5362778675
Music, sound recordings, radio broadcasts…
Generic 2.0 ‘Apollo 11 Video Restoration Press Conference / Newseum’ by NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre , http://www.flickr.com/photos/24662369@N07/3726614425
Films, Videos, Theatre, TV broadcasts…
(cinematograph films, dramatical works, television broadcasts)
Blogs, books, articles, essays…(literary works, published editions of works)
Generic 2.0 ‘_MG_0318’ by Zitona, http://www.flickr.com/photos/zitona/5021203226/
Compilations of data…("literary work" includes: … a table, or compilation , expressed in words, figures or symbols – s 10, Copyright Act 1968)
)
Generic 2.0 ‘_MG_0318’ by Zitona, http://www.flickr.com/photos/zitona/5021203226/
Copyright as a bundle of exclusive rights
• For example, for literary, dramatic and musical works the rights are to:
• reproduce in material form• publish• publicly perform• communicate to the public in electronic form
– transmit;– make available
• make an adaptation or translation• control rental, where work is a computer program or is
reproduced in a sound recording: s 31(1)© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Copyright in the digital environment
• When we use digital technology, we automatically reproduce content and thereby enter the copyright “zone”, – because digital technology needs to reproduce material so it
can be played, run or even viewed.
– Copyright has been further extended to protect• Broader range of subject matter – e.g. computer programs• Broader range of rights – e.g. right to communicate electronically to
the public• Technological Protection Measures (TPMs) (eg encryption/anti-
copying devices) applied to control access or copying; • Electronic Rights Management Information (ERMI) © 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
CopyrightIn a nutshell… • copyright automatically applies to a lot of material • the exclusive rights of the copyright owner are very
broad • remedies for infringement are strong and
enforcement is effective (through civil and criminal actions)
• exceptions are limited (e.g. fair dealing) availableWhich means that.....• the consequences of infringement will deter
use/reuse unless it is clear that the use is permitted© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Generic 2.0 That time of year again… by Etwood, http://flickr.com/photos/etwood/231364920Generic 2.0 That time of year again… by Etwood, http://flickr.com/photos/etwood/231364920
legal advice (s43)
research or study (s40)
criticism or review (s41)
parody or satire (s41A)
reporting of news (s42)
Fair dealing
Unless the law provides otherwise…
Copyright• General rule = You need permission/licence to
do anything within the scope of the copyright owner’s rights (economic or moral rights) unless the law provides otherwise (eg where there is an exception permitting that use)
• express permission to use should be obtained – importance of clear statement of permitted uses– any other rights/obligations (other than copyright)
also need to be considered © 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Copyright licensing – traditional practice
• “All rights reserved” (or, at least, most rights reserved)• Use requires prior permission from the copyright owner
unless within an exception to owner’s rights (e.g. fair dealing) under the Copyright Act
• Negotiating terms is cumbersome, time consuming, expensive – inefficiency means high transaction costs
• Has led to multiple non-standard licences • Problem of “orphan” works – no identifiable copyright
owner from whom permission may be obtained • Arose from pre-internet era - not geared to the immediate
and global nature of the internet
© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald.
©all rights reserved
©all rights reserved
Creative Commons
Creative Commons• a standardised system for licensing the use of
copyright materials• a suite of 6 standardised licences – available in 3 forms: plain english (summary); legal code
and machine-readable code • Each licence grants baseline permissions to users
to use copyright material – that is, to copy, publish, distribute in digital form,
publicly perform– whether the whole or a substantial part of it
• on specified, standardised core conditions© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Copyright licensing – with CC licences • Based on copyright • Only some rights reserved• Relatively short, simplified, standardised licences which provide
permission in advance• BUT
– do not cover all possible kinds of permissions – other kinds of permissions will have to be negotiated
– Do not contain detailed provisions covering all relevant aspects of the law – Must be read in the context of copyright law (legislation & judgments) and
often other relevant bodies of law (e.g. private international law – “jurisdictional” issues and applicable law)
– Also have to be read in context of other relevant “information” laws notably privacy (data protection), security, and interception of communications (telecommunications) - See Chang v. Virgin Mobile USA, LLC, 2009 WL 111570 (N.D.Tex. January 16, 2009)
© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
In short, Creative Commons is ….
• A set of licences that are free for anyone to use
• Based on copyright• A copyright licence (permission to use)• A way of managing copyright, particularly for
material distributed online
© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Baseline permissions• Fundamental baseline rights granted by all CC
licences:– Reproduce– Distribute– Publicly perform
• Additional baseline permission granted in four of the six CC licences to create derivative works and – Reproduce– Distribute– Publicly perform
the derivative work© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald.
Core ConditionsAttribution (BY) – attribute the author, and no false attribution This applies to all CC licences
Non Commercial (NC) – no “commercial use” (as defined)
No Derivatives (ND) – no changes allowed to original work
Share Alike (SA) – changes allowed, but new work is to be distributed under the same licence as the original work
* ND and SA cannot be used together
© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
CC BY
• Core condition: – Attribution (BY) – attribute the author, and no
false attribution
• Baseline Rights:
– Reproduce– Distribute– Publicly perform – Create derivative works (and reproduce, distribute
and publicly perform the derivative work)© 2013 Anne Fitzgerald..
Human-readable summary
“Legal Code”
http://creativecommons.org/choose/
Machine-readable code
http://creativecommons.org/choose/
How to…
(1)Apply a CC licence to your content
(2)Find CC licensed content(3)Attribute CC licensed
content
(1) Application
a. Manuallyb. Software licence injectorsc. Platform upload settings
Generic 2.0 ‘The Best Things in Life Are…’ by LASZLO ILYES, http://www.flickr.com/photos/laszlo-photo/437476999/
Generic 2.0 ‘Betamax’ by Steve Jurvetson, http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/489257240/
Manually
http://creativecommons.org.au/
http://creativecommons.org/choose/
Wordpress example
Software
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/search.aspx?q=creative%20commons
http://extensions.services.openoffice.org/project/ccooo
Platform
http://www.flickr.com/photos/upload/
And many more…
Default
Example Work by Australian Government is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License.
In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to Australian Government and abide by the other licence terms.
The work should be attributed in the following way:
© Australian Government 2010.
Summary of licence terms
Example Work by Australian Government is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License.
In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to Australian Government and abide by the other licence terms.
The work should be attributed in the following way:
© Australian Government 2010.
Unless otherwise specified…
Unless otherwise specified, material on this website is licensed by Australian Government under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License.
In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the material, as long as you attribute the work to Australian Government and abide by the other licence terms.
Australian Government material should be attributed in the following way:
© Australian Government 2010.
(2) Search
Image, sound and video
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
260 million of 8 billion photos licensed under
CC
• Creative Commons, The Power of Open, available at http://thepowerofopen.org/, licensed under CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
Generic 2.0 ‘Self-conscious robot’ by NASARobonaut (Kris Kehe), http://www.flickr.com/photos/nasarobonaut/5161876882/
Photos
• Flickr– Browse
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ – Advanced search
http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/
• Flickr-Storm– http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/
• Idée Inc. Multicolr Search Lab– http://labs.ideeinc.com/multicolr/
Generic 2.0 ‘Everyone needs a getaway’ by kennymatic (Kenny Louie), http://www.flickr.com/photos/99472898@N00/3875936992
http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/
http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/
Search Filters
• Think about future/downstream uses of your work – you may be restricted with what you can do with it
• E.g. incorporate a CC BY-NC photo into your poster – but want to use it to advertise your business?
http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/
http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/
http://labs.ideeinc.com/multicolr/
http://labs.ideeinc.com/multicolr/
http://labs.ideeinc.com/multicolr/
Music
• SoundCloud– Browse: http://soundcloud.com/creativecommons– Search: http://soundcloud.com/tracks/search
• Free Sound Archive• Magnatune• Jamendo
Generic 2.0 ‘Elvis!’ by Kevin Dooley, http://www.flickr.com/photos/12836528@N00/4464019859
http://soundcloud.com/tracks/search - select ‘Show advanced search options’
• CC BY-NC-SA
http://magnatune.com/
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/tokyo-tokyoinst/
• 50% to artists
https://magnatune.com/artists/license/project
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CCPlus
Video• YouTube• Vimeo
Generic 2.0 ‘Afghan Air Force and Afghan National Army Combine Combat Training Exercises’ by isafmedia , http://www.flickr.com/photos/29456680@N06/5413482056
http://www.youtube.com/editor
http://vimeo.com/search
Cross platform search
• CC Search• Google• Let’s CC by CC Korea
http://search.creativecommons.org/
http://www.google.ca/advanced_search
http://eng.letscc.net/
Open Source project by CC Korea
Access to searches across Flickr, Jamendo, ccMixter, Youtube and Slideshare
http://eng.letscc.net/
http://eng.letscc.net/
(3) Attribution
Attribution
• Title of Work• Creator’s Name or Other Attribution Parties• Source of Work (URL/hyperlink)• Licence (URL/hyperlink)• Changes to the source work (if any)
Event flyer
Attribution
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Title
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Author’s name
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Source of work
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Licence
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Changes
• Image: crop of SparkFun by Jared Tarbell <http://www.flickr.com/photos/35468148654@N01/509789392> available under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 2.0 Generic licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en>.
Licensor
• Tell people how you want to be attributed
Licensing statement unclear – http://training.gov.au/Home/Copyright - no link
to actual CC BY-ND licence, links to CC Australia homepage
Licensee
• “In a manner reasonable to the medium you are using”
• How would you wish to be attributed?
http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/
Video & Audio
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlhlXt1WZoI
http://www.mosman.nsw.gov.au/events/2704/living-mosman-photography-competition
Wikipedia
Removal of attribution
• ‘You must, to the extent practicable, remove the above attribution from any Collection or Derivative Work if requested to do so by the Licensor or Original Author.’
• More examples of how CC is being used:• http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies
• Other resources (fact sheets etc.): http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Documentation
• On business models, see further Cheryl Foong, “Sharing with Creative Commons: a business model for content creators” (2010) Platform: Journal of Media and Communication 64, available at http://eprints.qut.edu.au/40800/
• My publications are available at http://eprints.qut.edu.au/view/person/Foong,_Cheryl.html )
This slideset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License.