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VOLUME 2 2008
Technical Research Bulletin
11/10/2008 13:24:12
Valutazione del trattamento conservativo dei resti umani del periododell’uomo di Neanderthal presso Krapina in Croazia, ed implicazioni relativeall’esibizione e prestito di resti umani fossili</STRONG><BR>Nell’anno 2005, ladecisione presa dal governo dell’Etiopia di prestare i resti umani fossilizzatiper una mostra itinerante negli Stati Uniti, ha causato l’idignazione di moltipaleoantropologi. L’Associazione Internazionale per gli Studi di PaleontologiaUmana ha passato una risoluzione che stabilisce che i resti umani non debbanoessere messi a rischio da prestiti per mostre, ma che debbano essere accessibiliesclusivamente a specialisti del settore.</P><P>Questo studio riporta i risultati ottenuti durante la valutazione degliinterventi conservativi della collezione di resti del periodo di Neanderthaldalla grottadi Krapina in Croazia. I risultati degli esami hanno mostrato come
danni siano risultati in seguito all’incorretta applicazione di resine edadesivi, e a causa dei materiali utilizzati per eseguire calchi. A causadell’ingiallimento e della contrazione delle resine lo studio dellecaratteristiche superficiali degli oggetti risulta più difficoltoso. In alcunicasi è anche stata riscontrata la rimozione di materiale originale. Le giunturetra frammenti sono spesso grossolanamente eseguite e i bordi delle giunture nonsono stati consolidati prima del riattaccamento. L’utilizzo di materiali come lacera e la gomma per l’esecuzione di calchi ha creato nuove rotture e perdita dimateriale originale. Questo studio ha dimostrato come resti umani fossilipossano essere a rischio non solo da mostre e prestiti, ma anche da ricercatori‘specializzati’.</P>
8/7/2019 Cook, J. y Ward, C. Conservation Neanderthal Human Fossils. 2008
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Csv ssssm h Nhhm ms m Kp, C smpcs h h spy hm sss
Jill Cook and Clare Ward
Summary I 00, h Ehp vm’s cs h ssz ms h m-y hm cs xh h U Ss pv cm m my p-
hpss. I sps, h cc h I Assc h Sy Hm Py pss s s h sch ms sh y xh psv qf scf c ccss y. T s p smmzs h f s csv ssssm
h cc Nh ms m Kp Cv, C. Exm shw h mh cc h cc ppc ss s psvvs hsvs, h m spcms cs. Rs cs h sc cc m c sy sc
s s w s s sc ss. Ahsv js w cc j s h sh y cs p hs, v hm v m h .
T s cs ms sch s ps, wx h s ss h sc ws, h s js. T p ccs h hm sss my s mch s mschs s wh xhs.
INRODUCION
T scvy hm ms m h 0000 ys
s wys cs scf c c. Sch f s
v, s ch w smp chq my
v hs vc s hmv. Csqy, h s pss qm
ms, cs smp m xs wy scv-
hm s. As s my php-
ss, m hm h c h Nh hm
ms m Kp Cv, C, D Jv Rvčć,
hv m s spc-
ms. I sps hs ccs, h qs
D Rvčć Amc cs Pss M
Wp A A Uvsy, Mch Pss
A M Pc Uvsy, Nw Jsy, h Bsh
Msm spp csv svy h
Kp m.
HE SURVEY
T svy xm h s w smp N-
h hm ms m Kp Cv, h Z
C. Excv w 8 06 y p-
s D Gjvć-Km, h cc,c h C N Hsy Msm Z,
csss ppxmy 80 s ms, c
c psc ms vs wh v
w 0000 60000 ys . T -
phy v 000 pps 0 s w hs
ms v h s cy s m h cs
mpc sch hm
v []. I s cs h s pss pc
h cc y s scss, ch s
sw w qss s h s chqs.
8/7/2019 Cook, J. y Ward, C. Conservation Neanderthal Human Fossils. 2008
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0
JILL COOK & C LARE WARD
Method
I My 007 h hs xm vy
m h Kp cc Z wh h
xcp h phs sp h. I h cs
h phs h, psv smps
0% ch w xm s h sm h c-
csv qms c m h spcms. Ech spcm ws chc s
h cc c []. T s s h cc -
f c h spcms h ms, s w s
shw p chs h c h hv cc
v h s 0 ys. D Rvčć ws h hh
h w pv h v c -
m h c y cq y cqc wh
cc.
Fw f c, vy m ws xm y y
s ×.7 Opvs h mf . As ch
spcm ws spc, s s c cs-
v qms w c Exc spsh.
Phphs w c h
pc spcms, yps c h
cc y. A, hh-s,
ms scs m pvs sch y
h hs (JC) w s z. As h w pss,
sm sc sv ss w c h ss
s h hv s h ms v h s
cy m h cmps, s
p s mv. Smps hs
ss w s h yss h y
h Bsh Msm.
As h spcms w xm, ch ws cz
s h ppch vp y h Bsh Msm
h csv qms s
w ccs. Ech pc ws pc h c-
cs s .
By h h svy, v h cc
h ys, h mh y c h cs-
v qms. A h h cc s
hh mm py h s qs
h . T m hs c smm-
zs h , s h csv qms
sss h cs q.
Present condition o the ossils
Ms h cc csss ms h
hv j sc xcv. My h js
w m ys p, s s spcm my hv
csc y vs schs s m
chqs hsvs. T s c-
m c hs cscs h m-
s pp. Whh h spcms cmp s,
j my, w hv cvwh hc c s. I ms css hs w pp
hv pp s h xcv
my scs hs pp v sm. T s
ws s pcc h h wh cy;
0 Rh cmm h ppc
ss sch s mm, shc, sss / m
s ppp svs s mh psv
ss []. T s cs hv m
sc wh m, cv m sf -
table 1. C cs s ssss h Kp ccw h pc s h Bsh Msm c pz csv qms
Ccy C Py Rqm
A G N csvq
B S s wh 0 ys
Lw Csv qwh 0 ys
C Us Mm Csv sss s s pss
D Acvy Hh Csv
igure 1. Phmcph cs s Krapina skull 6 .Evc ps-mm mf c h s s sc y h s c, whch s wh ms hpsm
igure 2. Phmcph c ms h h myhy h jv m Krapina 53. T s chs cz sc s wy
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CONSERVAION ASSESSMEN OF HE NEANDERHAL HUMAN REMAINS FROM KRAPINA, CROAIA
[]. Smps hs ss w s -
y yss h Bsh Msm, wh ssq
s v h psc pyvy c, cs
, pcs m cmps v
m c s [].
Fs shw sm h c h p
m spcms h cc s pcs q
. Bh ss shw hw wy scv- js hv sc h s vy h-
svs v h ys. As h ‘psvvs’ h hv s
y c h h sc, wh cs h
, h ms s . Wh w sch
pcs j, y hsv w m h h
j. T s w vy s h ss
. A sccss ps sch sp js ps
h pm, cs h m wh ws v
m cc cscs. I my css hsv hs
sp h sc h js. T s xcss hsv
my cc s s s sc m
v ss. ss h hsv ss h h my
cs ps. Rc js hv m wh
cyc, P B8N, ssv c [].
T s sm w scs pc h
ms ps ws y spp
sh sm js, F . Uy, hs
hs cmp h pms xcss hsv p
js. T scs v q spp h -
ms sv css hy hv ch, mv
h sc, v h spp h j
s. Dms chs h w scs
vm vs my s hv c
hs mvm. T s m h my cs
c s h cc ms msms
pv p ss h cmps spcms.
igure 3. I vw h p s jv, Krapina 1
j m sv ms. T js h w sc spps s. T s c h sc hs cm, sc s wy mv ms p-sm. T s s pcy v wh scs hv ch. Rs-s B-c, psc m ms s h h sc
igure 4. Rj jv c ms Krapina 31.10 Krapina 33.32 shw cc, s js
igure 5. Fm m Krapina 257.4 wh s c hccs
F 6. Rj ms p Krapina 16 shwcs ss
c ps-mm ms h scs, Fs
. T sc h s
sy cs, cs c w h
h sc h ss p -
m ssss wh h s my vy s
sc ss. T s s y vs sm ms,
pcy wh m pc hs
pc. ss h cs s c (pp),h, spp (pp--) w w c-
csv, hh sm css h pp sh
s wh h w, ss h psc m
. Rc DNA ss hv v h psc v
DNA, whch c hv s m h s m
8/7/2019 Cook, J. y Ward, C. Conservation Neanderthal Human Fossils. 2008
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JILL COOK & C LARE WARD
F 7. Rj ms p Krapina 32.2 shw sc s c B-c s s hsv,s w, cc js
F 8. Achv phph h Kp sss mpy spy c ch
O ms m s h s h f
cs m ps h xps cc-
s ss, F . T s pps s, s hc
scs h sc h ss. T w s h
c hws w psv. T
igure 9. Phmcph c ms m y m s-ms p m Krapina 36 . T s hv p hs psm xps sh
h vy c
pp hv c wh s.
D cy sch h Kp s h
hv xsvy m h pc css.
Scs js h cs hs pcss, whch
css ms cs ms sch s ps, wx
, whch h h sc. Dm
h scs js, s w s sf c s, ss v, F 6. T s cs hs pc-
sss hv s y M M [6]. T
ms m ms mv m
h Kp s wh c hws hy w p
m ms psm, h m .
T s psc ( py cmps pm
jy, y cs, ccm c) ‘B-c’ (
py cmps hyc pyms, m ,
f s pm) m mpy js spp
spcms msm phphy hs s
s m h spcms, F 7. T s
m B-c h h scs. B-c
psc c mv m ps scs
s cs y ss.
Oh xs s spcms c
c f s m cs s s c chs spys
phphy, pchs hsv h w sm
h s ch spcms c c
spy, F 8.
T scs h spcms y shw
ms spf c cs, scchs s h
hv cc sc xcv s s h pcss
ssq h, c h s m
ms mpms s, F . T y
s shw cps pc ms, whch hv m
c js, m ms ps s ss
wh c h s ms. I , h spc-
ms ms c h pc vs
c sqcs. T s ms w wy
hv py spp s csqc sc ss
cm c . T s s cjc-
wh h s , s
sh cc h w vy cs h ss
h m m h .
ASSESSMEN
Exm h Kp cc cs h mch
h m h hs s s h, h
cc ppc ss s psvvs h-
svs, s w s h m spcms cs. T
cs whch ms hv s hw,
wh y whm hy hv pp. T pss
w h cc sch hs s h
qms hs ss hv py v csv- css, sp h s s h c
m sc y cssy cvy.
8/7/2019 Cook, J. y Ward, C. Conservation Neanderthal Human Fossils. 2008
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CONSERVAION ASSESSMEN OF HE NEANDERHAL HUMAN REMAINS FROM KRAPINA, CROAIA
pvs smmy h svs
smp m h 8 hm spcms. I shws
h h cc qs sm csv w
h s ss w
cv . T cy (D) cs
h c spcms, whch cs -
scf c mpc. I s v h csv-
hs m sh s v h,pssy vs, . T cs ps
h spcms w cm csy c mv
v m s hy . T s w cs s
scs cm py m
h s, c h scf c v.
T m q csv h spcms s
sm js v 700 hs. T sm cs
m m h jc h wh pp cs-
v cm ( ssssm c, ss
yss, chc svs c -
m) csv phphy wh cssy. T
sm s s h ssmp h w pss
mv h s cs m h scs,
w js j ms vy sy s
ppp svs ppc chqs. Hwv
hs ps h h ss h
h spcms’ scs. Sm my m c,
v mpss, mv hs w cs h
csv m q.
Cs h cc xm
h s hs pv h ss cmms
hw h csv w c s chv
h wh mpvms s. T s
h h msc cs h csv, s
s v w hp s h svv
hs cc. T x s w hs cc
cs hs csv ppss f
ppp p c mpm h cm-
ms, ms whch c ppy h
ccs hm ss ms whch smy
c.
DISCUSSION
I 00 h Ehp vm h
ms . m-y s Australop-
ithecus aarensis (ppy w s Lcy), y hm
cs, msms h U Ss. I sps,
h cc h I Assc h Sy
Hm Py pss s s h
hm ss ms h pps spy.
T s y scss vv sch
hm v h h ss pc, s-
p spy hm sss w
w, cs h mms v h spcms h hsy hmy. Is, h Assc wshs
sc ccss scss y mv spcms
table 2. Smmy sv
Ccy
Nm spcms
m hs
A 0 0
B 67 6.
C 0 6.
D 8
8 70
h s scf c ss. As hs p
h Kp cc shws, cc hs sss s
m hs s s cs [6, 7]. Hwv,
hs cs h cs s h xh
h sss h scf c vss
c pss csv. T c cs-
v c h sch spcms cv msm xh-
s s pcvy y cmps wh h wy
whch spcms smms h sch.
T s h m ccs D Rvčć, s
vs sm h m h h
h Kp spcms mm c
s . T s s cs whch sh w-p c
h phpc cmmy. W h c-
sc sss sh pc wh h pc-
p pss csvs. Is pv
h spy h cmm s hmy, h Ass-
c h Sy Hm Py sh
s y ccp s h h,
pc smp ss hm ms. T s
sh cs c p, s, h
csv, sh m sch qms
s hy c m wh m h spcm.
T w sss m h Kp spcms
mh m s p.
Recording
C csv cs whh m
cc sh p vy spcm. T s sh
c c sch s c ms, s w
s m spcm c s y
cs wh spcms sch s csv -m scf c smp. T s s sh c y
whm, wh, hw wh wh ms qpm
y w ws .
Storage
Spcms sh pc s sppv,
ms. T s s sh pv s v-
m cs. T ps vm cs
whch h jcs hv s sh
cc, ccs h hv pvsy p vy y cs, h cmm v-
m cs chc 0–%
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JILL COOK & C LARE WARD
v hmy wh y c ±% ss
mp 6–0°C wh y cs ss h
±°C [8]. T s cs sh m pv
cs chc h sy cs m-
y ppp qpm cssy.
Handling and conservation
Cs, csv-cscs h s
sh w p whch schs ms s p
hy w ccss h m. T s -
s sh pv y h m h spc-
ms y cvs h vv h ppy
ms h scs js. Rcsc spc-
ms w js sh wys m c-
wh pss csvs xpc
wh c ms. Iss sh hv c p-
cs h smp h spcms , DNA
sp yss, sch h chqs s my vp.
Wh pss, ss sh h
y p chqs sch s cmpz x m-
phy (CA sc), mc sc m (MRI)
h-ms (D) s sc v cs
c h c ccss h sss y
m hh-s D ms v ccy.
I cs s ss h p pyp s sc
sh cs s v
chqs [].
T s s sh sc scf c w,
hy c s ss, mpv h chqs
qy s h psv h sss. Ms
hs ps w y ccp mpm s
s pcc my msms. T c, s
h qms c smpy chpy chv
ms ywh, ccss pss csv
ss s s s s sy. Wh -
y mp spcms cc, h sh
w ss w c ss
sh s h vvm csvs
ccss chqs h my v h
pc scvy; pmms my c hs.
CONCLUSIONS
I s mp h msms w spy
w hm sss xh hy s-
c [7]. A m wh z s h
h wh sc m c, sch
sss hv h xy pw m s
cmm s s w sch w s w
cmpxy c. I hs h sf cc
xs y scc h pmc, pv qs-
s h my h s h
pv pps s cc sc-
f c msm pjcs h cy . Hm
sss pcs chvs hm csy h sh. pc psv hm w
p ss c ps h w
hs, h h sc ccss h w.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENS
T hs w h D Jv Rvčć wh qs spp h w h Kp spcms. Wh hs w h cc cc h spcms, hs pjc w hv pss. T s s cs M Hc
Rcc Scy yss h s smps.
AUHORS
J C (jc@hshmsm.c.) s c hDpm Phsy Ep C W (cw@hshmsm.c.) csv h Dpm Cs-v Scf c Rsch h Bsh Msm.
REFERENCES
. Fy, D., ‘T Kp hs: cmphsv, c- s phy’, www.ph./sss/p-phy.p (ccss Mch 008).
. Rvčć, J., Smh, F.H., hs, E. Wp , M.H., T eKrapina hominids: an illustrated catalog o skeletal collection ,Z, Ms Pss h C N Hsy Msm(88).
. Rh, F. (ss G.A. A H.A. A), T e preser-vation o antiquities: a handbook or curators, Cm Uv-sy Pss, Cm (0) –.
. Rvčć, J., C N Hsy Msm, ps cmm-c (My 007).
. Hc, M. Scy, R., Identif cation o adhesives and resins used or the restoration o hominid remains rom Krapina, Croatia , CDSp . AR007/7, Bsh Msm (007) (psh).
6. M, J. M, A., ‘Ehc sss h m cs ss spcms’, Biological anthropology and ethics:rom repatriation to genetic identity, . . , S Uvsy Nw Y Pss, Nw Y (00) –0.
7. C, J., ‘L Lcy sp’, British Archaeology 6 (007) .8. Ss, D., Lighting and climatic criteria or the British Museum
collections, Bsh Msm (006) (psh).. Fc, D., ‘G css cs’, Human remains:
guide or museums and academic institutions, . V. Cssm,N. O J. Pw, Am Pss, Lhm (007) 67.