i

Acknowledgement

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all the faculty members of Department of

mechanical engineering whose allow me to give presentation on the Water jet cutter

system.

I acknowledge my gratitude to my family members for their unconditional support

and whole hearted blessing to accomplish this task.

A word of thank is due to my friends who stood by me and always helped me to take

the best foot forward and all the faculty and staff members of my collage. I

acknowledge all who helped us at each and every step where their support is required.

Lastly, I thank almighty God whose constant blessing has given us strength and

patience to bring this work into its present form.

ii

Abstract

In the battle to reduce coasts, engineering and manufacturing departments are

constantly on the lookout for an edge. The water jet process many unique capabilities

and advantages that can prove very effective in the cost battle. Learning more about

the water jet technology will give us an opportunity to put these cost-cutting, the

water jet process is recognized as the most versatile and fastest growing process in the

world. Water jets are used in high production applications across the globe. They

complement other technologies such as milling, laser, EDM, plasma and routers. No

poisonous gases or liquids are used in water jet cutting, and water jets do not create

hazardous materials or vapors. No heat effected zones or mechanical stresses are left

on a water jet cut surface. It is truly a versatile, productive, cold cutting process. The

water jet has shown that it can do things that other technologies simply cannot. From

cutting whisper, thin details in stone glass and metals; to rapid whole drilling of

titanium; for cutting of food, to the killing of pathogens in beverages and dips, the

water jet has proven itself unique.

iii

Table of contents

Subtitle

i

Acknowledgement

ii

Abstract

iii

Table of content

IV

List of figure

VI

Chapter 1

1

1.1 introduction

1

Chapter 2

4

2.2 history

4

2.2.1 1800

5

2.2.2 1850

7

2.2.3 1935

9

2.2.4 1900

10

Chapter 3

11

3.1 working

11

iv

3.1.1 High pr. WJC

12

3.2 types of pumps

13

3.2.1 Intensifier

13

3.2.2 Direct drive

14

3.3 principle of water jet

16

3.3.1 WJC with pure water

18

3.3.2 WJC with abrasive

19

3.3.3 WJC with suspension jet

20

3.4 parts of water jet cutter

21

3.4.1 electric motor

21

3.4.2 Direction control valve

22

3.4.3 Intensifier

23

3.4.4 Hydraulic cylinder

24

3.4.5 Piston

24

3.4.6 Plunger

25

3.4.7 High pressure cylinder

26

v

3.4.8 check valve

26

3.4.9 End cap

28

3.4.10 high pressure tubing

29

3.4.11 high pressure attenuator

29

3.4.12 inlet water

31

3.5 controls and plc

32

3.5.1 on-off valve

32

3.6 abrasive feeding system

34

3.6.1 Pressurized bulk hopper

34

3.6.2 Mini hopper

34

Chapter 4

36

4.1 water quality

36

4.1.1 Overview

36

4.1.2 Water specification

36

4.2 water treatment guidelines

38

4.3 suspended solids

39

vi

4.3.1 Heat exchanger

39

4.3.2 air-oil cooler

41

4.4 recommendation for water treatment

45

4.4.1 Benefits of WJC

46

4.5 WJC in any industry

48

4.5.1 Alloy

49

4.5.2 Steel

49

4.5.3 Laminations

50

4.5.4 Composites

50

4.5.5 Plastics

50

4.5.6 Rubber

51

4.5.7 Gaskets

51

4.5.8 Fiber glass

52

4.5.9 Glass

52

Chapter 5

53

Conclusion

53

vii

Reference

54

List of figures

1.1 water jet cutter

1

1.2 nozzle

2

1.3 water jet operation

3

2.1 old model of water jet

5

3.1 horizontal water jet

11

3.2 intensifier pump

14

3.3 direct drive pump

15

3.4 mouth piece of jet

16

3.5 vertical water jet

17

3.6 Half section of WJC

18

3.7 suspended jet

20

3.8 intensifier pump cabinet

21

3.9 directional control valve

23

3.10 intensifier

23

3.11 hydraulic cylinder

24

viii

3.12 piston and plunger

25

3.13 ceramic plunger

25

3.14 high pr. Cylinder

26

3.15 upper portion of intensifier cabinet

27

3.16 check valve body section

27

3.17 fillets cap

28

3.18 pressure attenuator

30

3.19 pressure fluctuation prior to accumulator

30

3.20 water inlet system

31

3.21 on-off valve

33

3.22 bulk hopper

34

3.2.3 Abrasive material feeding

35

4.1 heat exchanger

40

4.2 oil cooler

42

4.3 chiller

42

4.4 heat exchanger in pump

43

ix

4.5 air-over-oil cooler

43

x

xi

xii

xiii

xiv

xv

xvi

xvii

xviii

xix

Contents

xx