COMPTER POGRAMMING AND UTILIZATION

CONTROL STRUCTURES IN ‘C’

GUIDED BY: Prof. Parin Patel

GROUP MEMBERSNAME

RAJPUT ROHANSHARMA MAULIKSINGH DEVANSHSINGH UDDESHYA

CONTENTS Introduction If Statement Simple if Statement If….else Statement Nested if Statement The Else If Ladder The Switch Statement The ?:operator The GOTO Statement The while Statement The do Statement The for Statement

INTRODUCTION DECISION MAKING In bank, if we want to withdraw money, there

should be enough bank balance. So certain actions can take place if specific conditions are satisfied. This is called decision making.

C language supports following statements for decision making capability.

1. If statement2. Switch statement3. Conditional operator statement4. Goto statement

1.IF STATEMENT The if statement is a powerful decision

making statement and is used to control the flow of execution of statements.

It is basically a two way decision statement and is used in conjuction with an expression.

General form if(expression) Statement(s);

FLOW CHART OF IF CONTROL

EXAMPLE OF IF CONTROL

2.SIMPLE IF STATEMENT General form if (test expression) { statement-block; } statement x;

FLOW CHART OF SIMPLE IF CONTROL

EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE IF CONTROL

3.IF….ELSE STATEMENT The if….else statement is an extension of the simple if

statement. General form if (test expression) { true-block statement(s) } else { false-block statement(s) } statement x

FLOW CHART OF IF….ELSE CONTROL

EXAMPLE OF IF….ELSE CONTROL

4.NESTED IF STATEMENT General form if (test condition-1) { if (test-condition-2); { statement-1; } else { statement-2; } } else { statement-3; } statement-x;

FLOW CHART OF NESTED IF STATEMENT

EXAMPLE OF NESTED IF STATEMENT

5.THE ELSE IF LADDER General form if (condition 1) statement-1; else if (condition 2) statement-2; else if (condition 3) statement-3; else if (condition n) statement-n; else default statement; statement-x;

FLOW CHART OF ELSE….IF LADDER

EXAMPLE OF ELSE….IF LADDER

6.THE SWITCH STATEMENT General form switch (expression) { case value-1: block-1 break; case value-2: block-2 breal; …………….. …………….. default: default-block break; } statement-x;

SELECTION PROCESS OF SWITCH STATEMENT

EXAMPLE OF SWITCH STATEMENT

7.THE?: OPERATOR The ?: operator is used to make two way

decision. General form conditional expression?

expression1:expression2

EXAMPLE OF ?: OPERATOR

8.THE GOTO STATEMENT In “C” language goto statement is used to jump unconditionally from one point to another in

the same program. The goto statement requires a label. General form (forward jump) goto skip; …………….. …………….. …………….. skip: statement;

(backward jump) skip: statement; …………….. …………….. …………….. goto skip;

EXAMPLE OF GOTO STATEMENT

9.THE WHILE STATEMENT The simplest of the looping structures in

C is the while statement. The while is an entry-controlled loop statement.

General form while (test condition) { body of the loop }

EXAMPLE OF WHILE STATEMENT

10.THE DO STATEMENT In certain situations, it is necessary to execute

the body of the loop at least once and then condition should be tested. In that situation do statement is used.

General form do { statement block; } while(condition);

EXAMPLE OF DO STATEMENT

11.THE FOR STATEMENT The for statement for loop is used to

repeatedly execute statement or block of statements fixed numbers of times.

General form for (initialization;test-

condition;increment) { body of the loop }

EXAMPLE OF FOR STATEMENT