Post on 28-Jan-2016
description
Competitive Interactions on a Reef
Coral Coral
Coral Algae
Competition and Recruitment
Benthic Cryptofauna
Fish and Territory
Topics
Death
recruitment
Clonal Life History
FissionFissionFission
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Connell (‘73)
Contact and interaction between soft tissues of coral
No contact between coral colonies
Direct Competition Indirect Competition
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
1. Mesenterial Filaments
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
2. Sweeper Tentacles
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
3. Sweeper Polyps (Goniopora)
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
4. Mucous Secretion (Fungia)
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
5. Histoincompatibily
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Direct Competition
6. Overgrowth
Kinds of Competition between Corals
Indirect Competition
1. Overtopping
Mechanisms for Algal Effects on Corals
Microalgae
Filamentous
Foliose
Crustose
Calcareous
Branching Digitate Tabulate Encrusting Massive Mushroom
O, C O, C O, C O, C O, C -
O, C O, C O, C O, C O, C -
O, O, O, O, O, -
O, - - O, O, -
O, - - - - -
Macrophytes S, C S, C S, C S, A S, A -
O = OVERGROWTH, C = CHEMICAL, S = SHADING, A = ABRASION
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
3 m
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
Availablespace
Time
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
Overgrowth
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
Unoccupied
Coralline algaeMacroalgaeSponges
%Cover
%Cover
Time
Time
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
50
40
30
20
10
0
%Mortality
Competition and New Recruits
Vermeij, ‘06
Greatest contributors to recruit mortality
1. Sponges
2. Bivalves
Competition among Cryptic Metazoa
Competition among Cryptic Metazoa
Jackson (‘92) - artificial substrates
% Cover
Time
Free space
Colonials
Solitary
Competition among Cryptic Metazoa
Jackson (‘92) - artificial substrates
Abundance
Time
% suspended cellsretained
Sponges
Bryozoans
Competition among Reef Fish
3 spot territory
Dusky territory
Acropora
3-spot
Dusky
Williams ‘78
Competition among Reef Fish
Robertson ‘96
Species
A
B
C
D
E
F
Aggressive territory holders - defend and eat algae
Less aggressive territory holders - wide variety of foods
Competition among Reef Fish
Roberston ‘96
Species
A
B
C
D
E
FPopulations doubled in size & moved from periphery to centre of reef
Competition among Reef Fish
Roberston ‘96
Species
A
B
C
D
E
F
- little effect - space allocated randomly
KARST SHORE
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
White ZoneGray Zone
Black ZoneYellow Zone
Pink ZoneELW
EHW
MLW
MHW
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
WHITE ZONE
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
GRAY ZONE
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
BLACK ZONE
KARST SHORE - ZONATION
YELLOW ZONE