Community Mobilization, Design and Partnership Arrangements in Conservancies

Enabling Livestock Based Economies in Kenya to Adapt to Climate Change: A Review of PES from Wildlife Tourism as a

Climate Change Adaptation Option ILRI, Nairobi, 15 February 2012

Dickson ole Kaelo, Basecamp Foundation Kenya

Department of Land Resource Management & Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi

Community Mobilization

• Why Mobilize

• Understanding the community

• Understanding the issue (s)

• Facilitating open Dialogue

• The shared vision, the obstacle to the attainment of the

vision, the historical challenges

The role of Research and Research Dissemination – Reto o Reto project

The motivation• Government Policy – e.g KWS Policy for

community areas• A conservation organization e.g AWF, WWF,

ACC• Tourism operator(s) – self motivated or

response to opinion leader(s) request • Importing lessons from ‘successful’ case

studies• Lessons e.g learning from past mistakes

Setting the Agenda – Problem analysis

The Road to a Conservancy

Community Mobilization/readiness Phase1. Community Voicing

2. Informal & formal Consultations

3. The trigger/catalyst

4. Community negotiators

5. Conservancy Boundary setting

6. Community Mobilization – general information meetings

7. Formation of community committees and subgroups – Representation

8. Approaching partners

2 yr

9. Negotiations/advocacy/campaign – leadership, interest groups, membership

10. Signing of contracts or consensus

11. Launch event

12. Community projects – for buy in

13. Education tours

14. Annual General Meeting

Conservancy development

• Mapping of Resources and key features

• Setting up of legal structure and

business model

• Management plan & code of conduct

• Environmental Impact Assessment

• Recruitment of Conservancy

management

• Planning and Evaluation Ecostorm

• Marketing – website, blog, facebook,

press articles and documentaries

The stakeholders – Diverse & Different

Many stakeholders, diverse needs, Conflicting interests

Stakeholder Expectation

Landowner(s) Income, control, information, recognition, access, healthy land, grass, water, lots of fat cows/shoats

Tourism investor(s) Profits, Access, exclusive use, control, best tourism product, many lions, few cows

Conservation organization Conservation goals, community benefits

Adjacent Community Pastures, water, salt licks, social projects

Conservancy Management Stakeholder interest,conservation goals

Supporters (technical & financial) Measurable longterm Success

Government Tourism revenue, contribute to Vision 2030, MDGs, National Conservation goals

stakeholders engagement• Market day outings

• Informal (section based meetings)

• Negotiating committee

• Land Owners Committee, sub committees, executive

board

• Enkig’uena (community parliament)

• Community Liaison officer/facilitator

• Formal Meetings with partners

• Partners exclusive meetings

Operational Structure

Legal tools

• Companies Act

• Registered Land Leases

• Management Agreement

• License to operate

• Code of Conduct

• Management Plans/master plans

• EIAs

Revenue Management designs

• Conservation fee collection – Monthly or quarterly

distribution (equaly or based on land holding

• Negotiated Guaranteed rent per/Ha per year

• Provisions for increment – adhoc, pegged on inflation, 5 year

reviews

• Additional benefits – Bednight fee, murram fee,

Conservancy Management designs

• Members acting as managers

• Employed external Manager

• Contracted company

• Shared contracted management

Mara Conservancies 103,000Ha

The Challenge

• Lack of a policy framework – Draft Wildlife Bill????

• High cost – Land lease tax, negotiation process, payment of

landowners, management costs, preparation of

management plans,

• Income dilution thro’ intergenerational land subdivision

• Challenges affecting tourism

• Tourism – Pastoralism conflicts

• Non Members influence and dissatisfaction

• Lack of an ecosystem wide plan to guide conservancy

development

Ashe Oleng - Thanks