Post on 08-Jan-2018
description
Collaborative Addiction Research in Asian Populations Home and Abroad
Gavin Bart, MD PhD FACP FASAMDirector, Division of Addiction Medicine
Department of MedicineHennepin County Medical CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine
University of Minnesotabartx005@umn.edu
International Conference on Global Health: Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders and HIV
Taipei, TaiwanApril 18, 2013
Hmong and opiate dependence
• Validate the assessment tool– MINI versus SSADDA
• Prevalence– Laos ~ 10%– Thailand ~15%– US ~3%
• Mode– Smoking opium– Smoking heroin
Malison 2011; Westermeyer 1981, 1995; Wiewel 2005
Hmong entering treatment
Tool Hmong (n=57) Score (±SD)
Non-Hmong (n=80) Score (±SD)
Significance
Beck depression inventory
26.5 (11.6) 21.3 (11.6) P < 0.03
SCL-90 Depression 2.3(0.9) 1.8(1.1) P < 0.01SCL-90 Somatization 1.6(0.9) 1.2(0.8) P < 0.02SCL-90 Phobic Anxiety 1.0(0.8) 0.7(0.8) P < 0.04SCL-90 Psychoticism 1.2(0.7) 0.8(0.7) P < 0.02Hamiliton Depression 20.7(9.8) 16.1(9.0) P < 0.02Hamilton Anxiety 17.2(8.8) 13.6(8.8) P < 0.03
Westermeyer and Chitasombat 1996
Methadone maintained Hmong: psychiatric comorbidity
SCID Axis I Diagnosis Hmong (n=76)
Non-Hmong (n=125)
Significance
No current diagnosis 51 36 P < 0.001Schizophrenia/Psychotic Disorders
2 3 Insufficient sample size
Anxiety Disorders 17 127 P < 0.001Mood Disorders 4 38 P < 0.05Substance Related Disorders
11 23 P > 0.1
Eating disorders 0 3 Insufficient sample size
Total number of diagnoses
85 230 P < 0.05
Bart 2013
Hmong treatment outcome
• Behavioral only ~90% relapse• Methadone ~80% retention
– Hmong 49.0 mg (17.4)– Non-Hmong 77.1 mg (25.1)
Bart 2012
Hmong: a pocket of people
Listman et al, 2007 and unpublished data
Hmong genotype v. phenotype
Straka et al. 2006
R-methadone population pharmacokinetics:Hmong and non-Hmong
Parameter Estimate (θ) 95% CI
CL/F (L/h) 8.6 7.8-9.3
V (L) 345 309-381
F non-Hmong (ref.) 1.00 --
Hmong 1.50 1.32-1.68
IIV of CL (%CV) 0.0392 (19.8) -0.0108-0.0892
IIV of F (%CV) 0.0941 (30.7) 0.0443-0.144
RV, proportional (%CV) 0.0348 (18.7) 0.0186-0.0510
Bart 2013
More questions
• Why are the Hmong different?
– Diet
– Transporter function
– Genetics
• Can we predict methadone dose requirements?
• Does this happen with other medications?
Why Research?• To find cures to disease and illness• Describe the situation
– Epidemiology– Cohort studies
• Compare approaches– Outcome– Quality of life / Satisfaction– Cost-effective
• To inform policy
Research resources
Thank You
• NIDA K23 DA024663• SAMHSA• PEPFAR• USAID• CDC• Vietnam VAAC• FHI360• Yih-Ing Hser• Betty Tai• NIDA R13DA035084