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CoAX – Coalition TIECoAX – Coalition TIETechnology Integration ExperimentTechnology Integration Experiment
November 2000 BriefingNovember 2000 Briefing
AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern,AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern,Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, MIT Sloan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCLockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, MIT Sloan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC
Support from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, Schafer, StanfordSupport from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, Schafer, Stanford
Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/
DARPADARPA
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 2
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationsDemonstrations 9-Month Demonstration9-Month Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 3
CoAX CoAX MessageCoAX Message
Operational Message Operational Message Interoperability of Systems Interoperability of Systems Agility and robustnessAgility and robustness Coalition and “virtual” organizationsCoalition and “virtual” organizations
Technical MessageTechnical Message Agents as an appropriate paradigm to Agents as an appropriate paradigm to
facilitate interoperabilityfacilitate interoperability Middleware of Grid for rapid configurationMiddleware of Grid for rapid configuration Utility of domain management and Utility of domain management and
task/process management servicestask/process management services
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 4
CoAX ContextContext
Increasing military requirements for coalition Increasing military requirements for coalition operationsoperations
Belief that agent computational model is a good Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirementsfit to meet coalition interoperability requirements
US and UK Agent Research ProgrammesUS and UK Agent Research Programmes US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS)US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) UK DERA Agents ProjectUK DERA Agents Project
Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid InfrastructureCoABS Grid Infrastructure
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 5
CoAX Aim of Coalition TIEAim of Coalition TIE Aim is to addressAim is to address unique aspects of coalition unique aspects of coalition
operations through the development and operations through the development and evaluation of agent domain and task evaluation of agent domain and task management servicesmanagement services
Aim will be met through delivery of:Aim will be met through delivery of: Phased technical demonstrations of increasing Phased technical demonstrations of increasing
complexitycomplexity Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid
servicesservices Requirements:Requirements:
Use of a wide variety of different agent systemsUse of a wide variety of different agent systems Use of existing military (non-agent) applicationsUse of existing military (non-agent) applications
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 6
CoAX Key Coalition DriversKey Coalition Drivers
Different cultures, doctrines, and languages:Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement
and, in general, mission “agendas”and, in general, mission “agendas” Command authorities - agreement and transfersCommand authorities - agreement and transfers Different interpretation of situational informationDifferent interpretation of situational information
Incompatibility of respective national Incompatibility of respective national information systems:information systems: Different technology skill and equipment levelsDifferent technology skill and equipment levels Lack of information systems resource sharing agreementsLack of information systems resource sharing agreements Variable reliability of components and infrastructuresVariable reliability of components and infrastructures Lack of compatible security architecturesLack of compatible security architectures Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel
with limited trainingwith limited training Limited models for coalition force operationsLimited models for coalition force operations
Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 7
CoAX Key Technical DriversKey Technical Drivers Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or
availability of different nations systemsavailability of different nations systems Need for partial (secure) sharing and Need for partial (secure) sharing and
visualization of processes, data and facilitiesvisualization of processes, data and facilities Need to work with agents in multiple Need to work with agents in multiple
dynamically determined domainsdynamically determined domains Need for flexible inter-agent task and process Need for flexible inter-agent task and process
managementmanagement Need for rapid formation, management and Need for rapid formation, management and
change of agent relationshipschange of agent relationships
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 8
CoAX Binni - Gateway to theBinni - Gateway to theGolden Bowl of AfricaGolden Bowl of Africa
Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa', inProceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces,
(ed. Tate, A.) pp. 115-125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May 1999.
W E
N
S
GeographyGeography
Binni - All FeaturesBinni - All Features
BANDAR Population centres ×× Military airfields Gravel roads
Brongo Ports Q Civilian Airfields Tracks
KEY Tarmac roads175 Heights (metres) RailwaysLAYERS:LAYERS:
ReturnReturn
CapeVincent
CapeAmstado
Caca
KasoLagoon
Amisa
Jacal
Pra
Ankobra
Tana
Ofin
Afr
am
Daka
Black Caca
Kapowa
White Caca
Mawli
LAKE CACA
WaterWater
Brongo Ports Q Civilian Airfields Tracks
Q
Q Q
Q
Q
Q
××
××
××
××
××
TransportTransport
WESTERN REGION
AGADEZ
Zingato
SIKASSO
COSTA DELMARIA
LAKI
BANDAR
UGWULU
UPPER REGION
NORTHERN REGION
CACA REGION EASTERN REGION
CACAREGION
ASHANTI REGION
CENTRAL REGION
BANDARREGION
AGADEZ
GAO
Kwanabouri
Gambaga268
Masembi
Gam
bag
a E
scar
pm
ent Higgville
Libar
Zatu
To
Cun
meg
e To
Tifi
llo
Dinga
Anala876
527
390
482
436
588
752
542
707
123
788
613
175
613
Akwapim-Gao Range
Kw
ahu
Pla
teau
To
Pam
ple
To
Seg
umbo
KamongoJinja
Brongo
LavalBiloo
Sagiba
BaveGamba
Kolla
AntokGrandville
Hakkali
To Cecil
DadoMinga
Kaso
NangaCaca Dam Esuko
Blackman
Laponga
Zaribe
Bonrope
Tonka
775AtewaRanga
SaltpondAchobo
Adaido
DiplomboElmina
Wonka
Deanville
Sonara
Sandosta
Komenda
Gonobo Grandvache
Polia
Jamestown
Slabo
Donga
Anguiba KutchiAkimbo
Sago-town
Wazilla
Suthertown
Bisa
Wampimba
Belucar
Salisbury
Bisha
St Andrews
Sellerham
Kingtown
To P
etit Paris
To E
scallope
Lissa
Libretto
Slafito
Langford
To
Fal
o
Asoba
NedallaEpidurango
Aida
To H
arra
NamesNames
SettingSetting
Lat / LongLat / Long
31E31E
36E36E35E35E34E34E33E33E
32E32E
39E39E
38E38E
37E37E
36E36E35E35E34E34E33E33E32E32E31E31E
39E39E38E38E37E37E
17N17N
16N16N
15N15N
20N20N
19N19N
18N18N
17N17N
16N16N
15N15N
19N19N
18N18N
21N21N
W E
N
S
CapeVincent
CapeAmstado
Caca
KasoLagoon
Amisa
Jacal
Pra
Ankobra
Tana
Ofin
Afr
am
Daka
Black Caca
Kapowa
White Caca
Mawli
LAKE CACA
Gaoforces
Agadezforces
Firestorm
Forces separated by firestorm
W E
N
S
CapeVincent
CapeAmstado
Caca
KasoLagoon
Amisa
Jacal
Pra
Ankobra
Tana
Ofin
Afr
am
Daka
Black Caca
Kapowa
White Caca
Mawli
LAKE CACA
Gaoforces
Agadezforces
FirestormFalse Agadez
forces
FalseGao
forces
Gao deception is intended to displace firestorm:separation fails.
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 12
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationsDemonstrations TTCP DemonstrationTTCP Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 13
CoAXCoAX ComponentsCoAX Components
LAN
LAN
LANGrid DARPADARPACoABS GridCoABS Grid(GITI, ISX)(GITI, ISX)
Agent FrameworksAgent FrameworksKAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)KAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)D’Agents (Dartmouth)D’Agents (Dartmouth)EMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)EMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)
Agent Grid ServicesAgent Grid ServicesTask and Task and PProcess Management (AIAI)rocess Management (AIAI)Domain Management Services (Boeing, IHMC)Domain Management Services (Boeing, IHMC)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)Exception Handling (MIT)Exception Handling (MIT)Incentive Management (Stanford)Incentive Management (Stanford)
Military Military SystemsSystemsCAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)MBP (DERA)MBP (DERA)……
Agents on the GridAgents on the GridAODB Agent (LM ATL)AODB Agent (LM ATL)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Malicious Agents (IHMC, Boeing)Malicious Agents (IHMC, Boeing)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)……
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 14
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationsDemonstrations 9-Month Demonstration9-Month Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 15
CoAX Demonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule 1-month demo at kick-off in February 2000 showing direct
connection between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB 6-month integration milestone in July 2000 showing initial
integration of selected CoAX components for 9-month demo
9-month demo in October 2000: Brief the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario Show full integration of selected CoAX components Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based
scenario Tell a relevant 'story‘ about agents for information gathering Additional stand-alone demos of other components
18-month demo in July 2001 showing full integration of all CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario: Expanding scope to cover planning and execution
30-month demo in July 2002 showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 16
CoAX Month 1 - Initial DemoMonth 1 - Initial Demo
Demonstration involves AFRL Rome, DERA Malvern and Demonstration involves AFRL Rome, DERA Malvern and LM ATL and is a first (risk reduction) step toward CoAXLM ATL and is a first (risk reduction) step toward CoAX
Demo shows legacy applications can be usefully Demo shows legacy applications can be usefully integrated into an agent frameworkintegrated into an agent framework
LAN
LAN
LANGrid
CoABS GridCoABS Grid
EMAA / CASTEMAA / CASTAgentsAgents
(LM ATL, US)(LM ATL, US)
AODBAODB
Master Battle Planner v2.1Master Battle Planner v2.1(DERA, UK)(DERA, UK)
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 17
CoAX
6-Month (July 2000) 6-Month (July 2000) Milestone ReportMilestone Report
Eleven agents in three separate agent domains representing coalition functional units (JTF HQ, JFAC HQ, Gao Intel)
Binni scenario information used to drive storyboard Tasking and control across coalition functional units Visualization of coalition C2 process via a simple
process model Simple policy administration tool for selective
information sharing and communication blocking
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 18
CoAX
JTF HQJFAC HQ
Gao Intel
6-Month (July 2000)6-Month (July 2000)Milestone StructureMilestone Structure
Non-domain-aware message-based grid agentsAODBAODB
LM-ATLLM-ATL
DbDbiiii
PP'PP'
Domain-aware conversational
grid agents
DbDbii
MBPMBPIntel1Intel1
Intel2Intel2DM2DM2
MM2MM2
DM3DM3
MM3MM3
DM1DM1MM1MM1
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 19
CoAX
9-Month (October 2000) 9-Month (October 2000) Demonstration ReportDemonstration Report
Focus on information-gathering phase First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy US and UK systemsirst interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy US and UK systems New agents and domains
Three additional agent domains (6 domains and ~25 agents) Incorporation of domain-aware CAMPS airlift planning system Ariadne agent providing publicly available weather information More powerful Process Panel
New domain management functionality Malicious observer agent thwarted by domain management and NOMADS resource
control mechanisms KAoS Policy Administration Tool (KPAT) administering communication, registration,
and resource policies New stand-alone demonstrations:
MIT exception handling Stanford incentive management U. Michigan plan deconfliction Dartmouth ‘observer agents’
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 20
CoAX
JFAC HQ
Gao Intel
US
JTF HQ
Observers(Intel)
Gao Obs.
Sub-domain of “Observers”
9-Month (October 2000) 9-Month (October 2000) Demonstration StructureDemonstration Structure
DbDbiiii
DbDbii
MBPMBPIntel1Intel1
Intel2Intel2DM2DM2
MM2MM2
DM1DM1
MM1MM1
DM4DM4 MM4MM4
AODBAODB
PP'PP'
DM3DM3
MM3MM3
DM5DM5
MM5MM5DGODGO
DAODAO
GAOGAODM6DM6
MM6MM6
WeatherWeatherVizViz
AL PlanAL Plan
AODBAODB
LM-ATLLM-ATL
WeatherWeather
AriadneAriadneCAMPSCAMPS
ALDBALDB
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 21
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationDemonstration 9-Month Demonstration9-Month Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAXCoAX
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 23
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationsDemonstrations 9-Month Demonstration9-Month Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 24
CoAX
18-Month (July 2001) 18-Month (July 2001) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan
More realism in coalition structures All CoAX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains New policies add additional robustness and security Added functionality in process and task management
Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration Richer information gathering phase Extend scope to execution phases with agent systems
responding dynamically to events Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier
Packaging capabilities as pluggable grid services
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 25
CoAX
Coalition
JFAC HQ
Gao Intel
US
Observers(Intel)
UKShared
Met.
18-Month (July 2001) 18-Month (July 2001) Demo StructureDemo Structure
Gao Obs.
AODBAODB
LM-ATLLM-ATL
WeatherWeather AriadneAriadne
CAMPSCAMPS
ALDBALDB
DbDbiiii
DbDbii
MBPMBP
Intel1Intel1
Intel2Intel2 DM2DM2
MM2MM2DM1DM1MM1MM1DM4DM4 MM4MM4
AODBAODB
DM8DM8 MM8MM8DM5DM5
MM5MM5DGODGO
DAODAO
GAOGAODM6DM6
MM6MM6
AL PlanAL Plan
Intel1aIntel1aIntel3Intel3
DM7DM7
MM7MM7
DbDbiiiiii
DM3DM3
MM3MM3
WeatherWeatherVizViz DM9DM9
MM9MM9PPPP
EH
IMIM
Plan Dec.Plan Dec.
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 26
CoAX
30-Month (July 2002) 30-Month (July 2002) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan
Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organisation’Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organisation’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-
fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processesDynamic coalition tasks and processes
Tailored visualizations High-level tools usable without specialized training Generic task, process, and domain management
tools
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 27
CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline
Aims and ScenarioAims and Scenario CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components DemonstrationsDemonstrations 9-Month Demonstration9-Month Demonstration Next StepsNext Steps SummarySummary
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 28
CoAX
Status andStatus andNext StepsNext Steps
1-month and 6-month demo milestones successfully 1-month and 6-month demo milestones successfully completedcompleted
Preview of progress on 9-month demonstration at Malvern Preview of progress on 9-month demonstration at Malvern TTCP meetingTTCP meeting
100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario deliveredcontributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario delivered
Ongoing work with GITI on design for packaging of agent Ongoing work with GITI on design for packaging of agent domain and process management services for the griddomain and process management services for the grid
9-month demonstration ready in October 20009-month demonstration ready in October 2000 Integrated demonstrationIntegrated demonstration Stand-alone demonstrationsStand-alone demonstrations
Links to Joint Battlespace Infosphere, Joint Battlespace Links to Joint Battlespace Infosphere, Joint Battlespace DigitisationDigitisation
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 29
CoAX SummarySummary
Coalition operations is a matter of high concern Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for for the military and a great proving ground for agent researchagent research
Binni provides mature rich source of realistic Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario datascenario data
Actual military tools used in true cross-national Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the futurenations in the future
Sixteen partners cooperating in phased Sixteen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstratorstechnical integration demonstrators
CoABS Grid provided necessary interoperabilityCoABS Grid provided necessary interoperability Significant new research issues being addressed Significant new research issues being addressed
of both theoretical and practical significanceof both theoretical and practical significance
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 30
CoAX
Further Information and Further Information and InvolvementInvolvement
CoAX and Binni documentation available CoAX and Binni documentation available See http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/See http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/ We encourage your participation…We encourage your participation…
In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In seeking operational opportunitiesIn seeking operational opportunities In future demonstrationsIn future demonstrations
CoAX/TTCP Briefing - 31
CoAX The EndThe End