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MARIJUANA NEWS AND INFORMATION
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Posted by Johnny Green at
1:42 PM on February 29, 2012
Growing Marijuana
CO2 And MarijuanaPlants
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How To Use CO2 WhenGrowing Marijuana
At some point in your marijuana growing
career, you will have a desire to incorporate
CO2 into your recipe. Chances are, that is
why you are reading this article. I have
grown marijuana for a long time, and I know
first hand that there is a lot of junk
information out there on the web in regards
to marijuana plants and CO2. Below is
some great information that I found on some
of our partner sites that I wish I had when I
first started growing marijuana:
By Dr. Who
Humans breathe in oxygen (O) and breathe
out carbon dioxide (CO2). Plants do the
reverse. They “breathe in” CO2 and
“breathe out” oxygen (O). This is why plant
life is an essential part of the worlds’ecosystem. Without plants, CO2 levels
would rise to intolerable levels. Plants use
CO2 for growth. It is the essential building
block for photosynthesis (along with light
and water). Plants cannot grow without
CO2. The current levels in the atmosphere
are about 350 parts per million (PPM). It is
theorized that millions of years ago, levels ofCO2 were about 1,500 PPM. Throughout
the years, plants have evolved in many
ways-and in many ways have stayed the
same. Knowing this can be advantageous
for us all.
It seems that plants have not lost the ability
to use up to 1,500 PPM of CO2. Plantgrowth can be accelerated by increasing the
CO2 levels in your growing area.
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Conversely, CO2 levels below 250 PPM
have a detrimental effect on your plants. If
you have six plants growing in your closet,
and there is no ventilation, your plants can
use the CO2 in a few hours. They then stop
growing. You must, at a minimum, provide
fresh air for your plants every hour or so. An
even better way is to provide supplemental
CO2 for your plants by using either a CO2
generator or bottled CO2. Any of these
solutions will keep your plants growing at
optimal rates. It has been proven that you
can increase your growth rates by up to 20
percent and size by up to 30 percent byproviding supplemental CO2 at levels over
1,200 PPM. You should never go over 1,500
PPM, as this soon becomes toxic for the
plants, and they tend to grow very stringy.
CO2 generators are simply specialized
burners that burn either propane or natural
gas to produce CO2. A byproduct of thisprocess is water, in the form of humidity.
When using a generator, it is a good idea to
keep an eye on your humidity levels. CO2
generators are optimized to produce as little
heat as possible, while producing as much
CO2 as possible. They are normally rated in
cubic feet per hour (CFH). A standard
10-foot-by-10-foot-by-8-foot room containing350 PPM takes about 1 CFH to raise the
levels to 1,500 PPM. The level will drop
throughout the day, requiring smaller burns
to keep the levels constant. A CO2 PPM
controller works great for keeping your
levels constant with a CO2 generator.
Bottled CO2 can be obtained at mosthydroponic or welding stores. You need a
regulator/flow meter to get the CO2 out of
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Here is a GREAT forum post I found at
StonerForums.Com by
immacannaclubmember:
Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Methods …..
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
Carbon dioxide is an odorless gas and a
minor constituent of the air we breathe. It
comprises only .03 % (300 parts per million,
or PPM) of the atmosphere but is vitally
important to all life on this planet!
Plants are made up of about 80-90 %
carbon and water with other elements likenitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium,
phosphorous and trace elements making up
only a small percentage. Almost all of the
carbon in plants comes from this minor 300
PPM of carbon dioxide in the air.
Plants take in CO through pores, called
stomata, in their leaves during daylighthours. They give off oxygen at the same
time, the results of a process called
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photosynthesis. This oxygen that they give
off is used by humans and all animal and
marine life on this planet. Without it, animal
and human life would not be possible.
Oxygen comprises almost 20 % of the
earth’s atmosphere. Most of it was
generated by plant life. The process of
photosynthesis combines CO2 and water to
form sugars and free oxygen. Simple sugars
like C6H12O6 provide plants with energy
and are formed into the more complex plant
parts such as carbohydrates, amino acids,
protein, cellulose, leaves, roots, branches
and flowers.
People and animals breathe in oxygen
generated by plants and breathe out the
CO2 that the plants needóa truly symbiotic
relationship. In ancient times, millions of
years ago, when there was only plant life on
the earth and no animal life, the atmospherewas quite different. There was much more
volcanic activity, one of nature’s sources of
CO2, and the air contained three to four
times as much of it than now. Plants thrived.
Giant tree ferns reigned supreme and much
of our coal, gas and oil deposits were
created by them during that long-ago time.
Plants would benefit from more CO2 in the
air today, and actually are benefitting as we
burn more fuels, one by-product being
carbon dioxide. CO2 in the air has increased
from 270 PPM to over 300 PPM, more than
an 11% increase, in just the last 40 years!
This has also worried many scientists
because of what is called the greenhouseeffect.. The more CO2 there is in the
atmosphere, the higher the planet’s
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temperature will go. Too much warming of
the planet can melt ice caps, flood coastal
cities, spread deserts and famine and
drastically change the climate. This effect is
somewhat self-regulating however. The
oceans absorb a great deal of CO2 giving
algae and plankton, 90% of the plant matter
on earth, more CO2 to grow on and giving
the rest of the plant matter on land more
also. This decreases the amount of CO2 in
the atmosphere, thereby regulating it.
Scientists are just now learning to
understand the self-regulating systems that
stabilize most factors in our environment.
CO2 ENRICHMENT
Biologists and plant physiologists have long
recognized the benefits of higher CO2
content in the air for plant growth.
Horticulturists and greenhouse growers
have used CO generators to enhancegrowth rates on plants for many years with
good results.
With the advent of home greenhouses and
indoor growing under artificial lights and the
developments in hydroponics in recent
years, the need for CO2 generation has
drastically increased. Plants growing in asealed greenhouse or indoor grow room will
often deplete the available CO2 and stop
growing. The following graph will show what
depletion and enrichment does to plant
growth:
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Below 200 PPM, plants do not have enough
CO2 to carry on the photosynthesis process
and essentially stop growing. Because 300
PPM is the atmospheric CO content, this
amount is chosen as the 100% growth
point. You can see from the chart that
increased CO can double or more the
growth rate on most normal plants. Above
2,000 PPM, CO2 starts to become toxic to
plants and above 4,000 PPM it becomes
toxic to people.
With the advent of ideal growing conditions
conditions provided by metal high-intensity
discharge (H.I.D.) lighting systems,
hydroponics, environmental controls such
as temp., humidity, etc. and complete,
balanced plant nutrients such as Ecogrow,
the limiting factor on plant growth rate,
quality, size and time to maturity becomes
the amount of carbon dioxide available to
the plants.
There are five common methods of
generating extra amounts of CO2:
1. Burning hydrocarbon fuels
2. Compressed, bottled CO2
3. Dry ice
4. Fermentation
5. Decomposition of organic matter
We will discuss these five methods briefly in
turn. In order to make an effective
comparison of CO2 generation, benefits and
drawbacks, a std. 8′ X 8′ X 8′ or 512 cu. ft.
growing area will be used.
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1. BURNING HYDROCARBON FUELS:
This has been the most common method of
CO2 enrichment for many years. A number
of commercial growers and greenhouses
use it in their larger structures. The most
common fuels are propane, butane, alcohol
and natural gas. Any of these fuels that
burn with a blue, white or colorless flame
will produce carbon dioxide, which is
beneficial. If a red, orange or yellow flame is
present, carbon monoxide is being
generated due to incomplete combustion.
Carbon monoxide is deadly to both plants
and people in any but the smallest
quantities. Fuels containing sulfur or sulfur
compounds should not be used, as they
produce by-products which are harmful.
Most commercial CO2 generators that burn
these fuels are too large for small
greenhouse or indoor grow roomapplications. Some small ones are avai
fable or a Coleman lantern, bunsen burner
or small gas stove can be used. All of these
CO2 generators produce heat as a
by-product of CO2 generation, which is
rarely needed in a controlled environment
grow room but may prove beneficial in
winter growing and cool area greenhouses.
The rate of CO2 production is controlled by
the rate at which fuel is being burned. In a
gas burning CO2 generator using propane,
butane or natural gas, one pound of fuel
produces approximately 3 pounds of carbon
dioxide gas and about 1.5 pounds of water
vapor. Approximately 22,000 BTUs of heat isalso added. These figures can vary if other
fuels are used.
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To relate this to our standard example in an
8′ X 8′ X 8′ growing area, if you used ethyl
or methyl alcohol in a gas lamp or burner at
the rate of 1.3 oz. per day, we would
enhance the atmospheric concentration of
CO2 to 1300 PPM if the room was
completely sealed.
An enrichment standard of 1300 PPM was
chosen as it is assumed that 1500 PPM is
ideal, and that the plants will deplete the
available CO2 supply by 100 PPM per hour.
Remember, the normal atmosphere
contains 300 PPM of CO2. A 100% air
exchange (leakage) every two hours is
assumed to be the average air exchange
rate in most grow rooms and tight
greenhouses. If many cracks and leaks are
present, this exchange rate will increase
significantly, but added CO2 (above 300
PPM) will also be lost. If a vent fan is in use,
disregard CO enrichment, as it will be blownout as fast as it is generated.
A circulation fan is beneficial, as it moves
the air about in the greenhouse or grow
room. If the air is still, it can cause a
“depletion layer effect”. This effect causes
the CO2 right next to the plant leaf to be
quickly depleted. If fresh air carryingadditional CO is not brought to this surface,
photosynthesis and growth will diminish and
eventually cease.
There are a number of factors involved in
keeping the CO2 content at the desired
concentration level. 1. If the greenhouse or
grow room is not tightly sealed up, add upto 50% to the CO2 generator production
volume. 2. If temperature is increased fiom
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70 F to 90 F, add 20% to the volume
generated, and vice-versa. 3. If the grow
area contains large or tightly spaced plants,
add 20% to 30% to the CO2 volume
generated.
If more light is used, more CO2 can be
utilized and should be produced
proportionately up to the practical limit of
5,000 footcandles per square yard and 1500
PPM CO2 atm. content. When more CO is
generated, more water and plant nutrients
should be used, again to a practical limit of
2X normal. lf your plants are going to grow
faster because of CO2 enrichment, they will
need more nutrient and water.
The last factor to consider in maintaining a
set CO2 level is the size of your growing
area. This is simply done for gas burning
and following methods by setting up a
mathematical ratio. In our “standard” room(8′ X 8′ X 8′ ), we have 512 cubic feet. If your
growing area measures 10′ X 10′ X 20′ , you
have 2,000 cubic feet of volume to contend
with. If you want to use the ethyl
alcohol/gas-lamp enrichment method, set
up the ratio using l.3 oz. by weight of
alcohol per day gives:
1.3 oz./day = 512 cu. ft. ——————
——————- X oz./day = 2,000 cu. ft. Then
cross multiply: 512 X = 1.3 X 2,000. Dividing
both sides by 512 gives you X = (1.3 X
2000)/512, solve for X. X = 5 oz.
You need 5 oz. of ethyl alcohol per day in a
10′ X 10
′ X 20
′ grow area to generate the
same amount (1300 PPM) of CO2 as in a
512 cu. ft. room.
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To generate 1500 PPM above the available
CO2 (200 PPM) in the same size area, set
up the ratio:
1300 PPM = 5 ounces
————– ————
1500 PPM = X
X = (5 X 1500)/1300 = 5.77 ounces.
NOTE: One pound of CO is equivalent to
approximately 8.7 cu. ft. of gas at standard
temperature and pressure.
If different hydrocarbon fuels are used, the
heat content, in terms of B.T.U. should be
taken into account. If the BTU per hour rate
is half that of ethyl alcohol, twice as much
must be burned to generate the same
approximate amount of CO2 desired. The
amount of CO2 generated depends on the
carbon content of the fuel being used. The
BTU per hour heat content can be obtained
from literature or suppliers.
2. COMPRESSED, BOTTLED CO2:
This is the second most popular method of
CO2 enrichment and provides fairly
accurate, controlled results. Compressed
CO2 comes in metal containers under high
pressure. Small cylinders contain 20 lbs. of
compressed CO and large tanks hold 50
lbs. Pressure ranges from 1600 pounds per
square inch to 2200 PSI.
To enrich available CO with compressed
gas, the following equipment is needed:
1. Tank of compressed CO2
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2. Pressure regulator
3. Flow meter
4. Solenoid valve, (plastic or metal)
5. Short-interval 24 hr. timer capable of
having an “on time” variable from one to 20
minutes.
6. Connecting tubing, fittings and adapters
PRESSURIZED CO2 ENRICHMENT
SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT
This method allows for the injection of a
controlled amount of CO2 into the growing
area at a given interval of time. The
pressure regulator reduces the compressed
gas pressure from 2200 lbs./square inch to
a more controllable amount (100 to 200 PSI)
which the flow meter can handle. The flow
meter will deliver so many cubic feet per
minute of CO2 to the plants for the duration
of time that the solenoid valve is opened.
The timer controls the time of day and
length of time that the solenoid valve is
open.
To operate this CO enrichment system in
our standard 8′ X 8′ X 8′ grow room area, we
want to add enough CO to increase the
near depleted level of 200 PPM to 1500
PPM. We must then add 1300 PPM of CO2
to a volume of 512 cu. ft. We would like to
do this in intervals of time relative to the
natural air exchange rate (leakage rate) to
keep the CO level near the 1500 PPMrange.
Let’s select an injection time interval (CO2
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enrichment time) of every two hours. First,
we must determine how many cubic feet of
CO2 must be added to 512 cu. ft. of volume
to increase our 200 PPM to 1500 PPM. To
do this, multiply the room volume of 512 cu.
ft. by .0013 (1300 PPM) to obtain 0.66 cu. ft.
of CO2 that is needed. Set the regulator at
100 PSI and the flow meter at 20 CFH
(Cubic Feet per Hour) or 0.33 cubic feet per
minute.
If we set our timer to stay on for two minutes
every two hours, we will get the 0.66 cubic
feet of additional CO we need to bring the
CO level to the 1500 PPM optimum level
needed.
Each pound of CO compressed gas
contains approximately 8.7 cubic feet of CO
gas at atmospheric pressure.
Compressed CO2 costs around 50 cents/lb.
at most supply houses. At that rate of 0.66
cu. ft. every two hours for 18 hours per day,
this method will cost around 30 cents per
day to operate. The timer should be set to
deliver CO2 during the “on time” (daylight
time) for which the lights are set. This is the
only time the plants can use CO2; they do
not use it when it’s dark.
The compressed gas method of CO
enrichment has the advantages of fairly
precise control, readily available equipment
($150.00 to $300.00 average cost for an
installation) and it does not add extra heat
to the growing area. It also works well for
small growing spaces and after initialequipment costs, is not expensive to
operate.
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3. DRY ICE METROD OF CO2
ENRICHMENT:
This method works well for small areas,
especially if some cooling effect is desired.
Dry ice, solid carbon dioxide, is very
coldóabout 109 degrees F below zeroóso
we suggest you handle it with gloves. Dry
ice is available through freezer and meat
packing outlets and is relatively inexpensive.
In our std. 8′ X 8′ X 8′ room, you would need
about 0.8 lbs. of dry ice per day to raise the
atmospheric CO2 content to 1300 parts per
million. If the growing area is quite warm,0.8 lbs. can melt much faster than 18 hours.
Two methods can be used to regulate this.
One is to cut just small pieces, about .1 lb.,
and add a new piece every two hours to the
growing area. The second method is to put
the required amount in an insulated
styrofoam box with a few small holes cut in
it. This will slow the rate of meltingconsiderably but must be “tuned in” to get it
just right so 0.8 lbs. melts in the 18 hours of
light “on” time. Extra dry ice must be kept in
a freezer to prevent loss due to evaporation.
Since CO2 is heavier than air, one good
method of distributing it to the plants is to
attach the container or dry ice to the lightreflectors which are normally placed over
the plants. The CO2 will then flow down
through or over the lights and evenly bathe
the plants. If a circulation fan is used, the
dry ice or its container should be placed
directly in front or behind it for even
distribution. Common to all CO2 enrichment
methods, try to seal up the room orgreenhouse as best you can, especially
around the bottoms of doors and walls.
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The dry-ice method will cost around 60
cents per day for our standard sized, 512
cu. ft. grow room. A possible benefit of
using dry ice is the cooling effect it
produces.
4. FERMENTATION METHOD OF CO2
ENRICHMENT:
Sugar is converted into ethyl alcohol and
CO2 when it ferments due to the action of
yeast. In this method, the following
ingredients and equipment are needed:
1. Suitably sized container, plastic or glass
2. Sugar, common or invert
3. Yeast, brewers or bourgelais wine yeast
4. Yeast nutrient
5. Sealant, cellophane, tape or lid
6. 1/4 plastic tubin
7. 1/4 shutoff valve
8. Balloon
9. Starter jar or bottle
A pound of sugar will ferment into
approximately half a pound of ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH) and half a pound of CO2. One
pound of CO2 makes 8.7 cubic feet of CO2
gas at normal atmospheric conditions. In
our standard 8 X 8′ X 8′ grow room, you will
need to generate 512 cu. ft. X .0013 (1300
PPM CO2) = 0.66 cubic feet of CO2 every
four hours. It takes time for the yeast to
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ferment sugar, so the size of container you
should use in determined by dividing the
cubic feet of growing area (512 Cu. ft.) by
32 = 16 gallons.
A convenient container to use here would
be a plastic kitchen garbage can. These are
inexpensive and easily obtainable.
To determine how much sugar we need for
six weeks of operation or until fermentation
ceases, the following calculations are
necessary: From the above paragraph, we
need 0.66 cu. ft. of CO2 every four hours. If
one pound of CO2 makes 8.7 cu. ft. of CO2,
we will need 0.08 lbs. of sugar, but because
every one pound of sugar only makes 1/2
lb. of CO2, we must double the amount of
sugar needed, i.e. 0.08 X 2 = 0.16 lbs. of
sugar every four hours. Since there are six
four-hour periods in a 24 hour day, the
amount of sugar we need is 0.16 x 6 or 0.96lbs. of sugar per day.
If we round this off to one pound of sugar
per day, we will need 42 lbs. of sugar in six
weeks. We must consider that only 80 to
90% of the sugar will be completely
converted in this length of time, therefore,
we should actually use about 48 lbs. ofsugar in six weeks.
The sugar solution to start with is 2 1/2 to 3
lbs. per gallon. You can use hot water to
start with, as sugar dissolves faster in it than
in cold water. You must let it cool to 80-90
degrees F before adding yeast to it or the
yeast will be killed. Start with the fermentingcontainer only half-full as you will be adding
an extra gallon per week for 6 weeks. Begin
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with eight gallons per week and 24 lbs. of
sugar.
To start the solution fermenting, you will
want to make a “starter batch” of sugar
water, yeast and yeast nutrient. To do this,
use a coke or beer bottle (approx. one pint),
dissolve 1/4 lb. of sugar in 10 oz. of warm
water (approx. 3/4 full), add a pinch of yeast
and two pinches of yeast nutrient to this
sugar mixture. Place a balloon on the bottle
and set in warm location, 80 to 90 degrees
F, for one to two days or until the balloon
expands and small bubbles are visible in
the solution.
After the starter solution has begun
fermenting vigorously, it is added to the
main fermentation tank at the same
temperature already mentioned. After a day
or so, to see that the system is working
properly and that CO2 is being generated,close the valve to the supply tube and, if the
unit is sealed properly, the balloon should
expand in a short period of time. To regulate
the amount of CO2 being delivered to the
plants, open the valve until the balloon is
only half the size of full expansion.
The CO2 supply tube with in-line valveshould have a 2″ loop in it half full of water
to serve as an air-lock. This loop can be
held in place with tape on the side of the
fermentation tank. The open end of this
tube can either be positioned in front of a
circulating fan or run through “T” fittings to
make additional tubes, the ends of which
can be positioned above your plants.Remember, CO2 is heavier than air and it
will flow downwards.
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Once per week, undo a corner of the Saran
Wrap and add an extra gallon of sugar
solution and yeast nutrient, then reseal the
top with tape. Use three lbs. of sugar and
one teaspoon of nutrient per gallon.
After the last gallon is added, after six
weeks of operation, let fermentation
continue until the balloon goes down and
no more bubbles are visible in the “U” tube.
When this point has been reached, taste
the solution. If is it sweet, fermentation is
not complete and a new starter batch
should be made and added to the tank.
More yeast nutrient should also be used. If
the solution is dry (not sweet) like wine,
fermentation has stopped and the alcohol
content has killed the yeast. At this point,
it’s time to clean your tank and start a new
batch.
The fermentation process is quite good forgenerating CO2 and relatively inexpensive.
Regular or invert (corn) sugar is inexpensive
and available. You may have to purchase
invert sugar at a wine supply store. This
method of generating CO2 will cost
approximately 50 to 60 cents per day.
To save money on extra yeast, you caneither take out approximately a gallon of
fermenting liquid and save for the next
batch, or start a second system identical to
the first and alternate themóclean and
replenish one, then three weeks later, clean
and replenish the second.
5. DECOMPOSITION PROCESS OFGENERATING CO2:
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When organic matter decomposes due to
bacterial action, carbon dioxide is
generated. Plants grow lush and vigorously
on a tropical jungle floor as a result of this
natural decay of dead plant and animal
matter. This can increase the available CO2
content from the normal 300 PPM amount to
over 1,000 parts per million. This can also
be done indoors, for little cost, but is
odorous and unsanitary. For these and
other reasons, it is not highly
recommended. The sterile conditions of a
well-set-up hydroponic grow room or
greenhouse could be disrupted and adversebacteria, bugs and disease induced with
detrimental effects on your plants.
In conclusion, all these methods will work if
done properly and CO2 enrichment is a very
beneficial addition to your greenhouse or
grow room systems. Some are more
practical than others, some less expensiveand some require more time and attention.
All chemical reactions are temperature
dependent and photosynthesis is no
exception. With CO2 enrichment, a higher
temperature, up to 100 degrees F, can be
used, more light may be needed as it is
required for the photosynthetic reaction to
take place. More water and nutrients willalso be required, and a machete may be
necessary to control the added, sometimes
startling extra growth rates possible on most
plants by using CO2 enrichment!
Eco Enterprises sells the following CO2
enrichment equipment:
Bottled (compressed gas) CO
controller system, comes with
1.
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About Johnny Green
Johnny Green is a marijuana activist from Oregon. He
has a Bachelor's Degree in Public Policy. Follow Johnny Green on Facebook and Twitter . Also, feel free to email
any concerns.
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our comment policy and FAQ for more information
regulator and flow meter, timer,
solenoid valve, tubing, balloon fittings
and instructions. Price – $199.50
CO2 fermentation kit, comes with
nutrient, yeast, tubing, valve and
instructions. Price – $17.50
2.
CONTACT:
Eco Enterprises
2821 N.E. 55th St.
Seattle, Wa. 98105
Tel. 1-800-426-6937
(In WA 206-523-9300)
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Comments for this thread are now
closed.
Comments 1
•
831Dank •
Does anyone know about introducingCO2 to a perpetual garden. Ive heardcannabis plants after 6 weeks don'tneed CO2?
•
Chris •
Is there a special hose for distributing
the co 2 over the plant
•
bryce•
1/4" irrigation soaker hose.plugged at the end!
•
ak47 •
i cant fin the equipment anywhereplease help asap!
•
ak47 •
how can i control the heat and thehumidity in a sealed room running 4600w lights?? can find the rightequipment or advice any where,
please help??
•
chicken •
jk
•
chicken •
dumb
Finlinea •
It is good article on relationship ofCO2 And Mari uana Plants It ex lained
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