Cloud Computing – The Cloud Dr. Jie Liu. Definition Cloud computing is Web-based processing,...

Cloud Computing – The Cloud

Dr. Jie Liu

Definition

Cloud computing is Web-based processing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices (such as smartphones) on demand over the Internet.

Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of virtualization, Service-oriented architecture and utility computing.

Take II“...we’ve redefined Cloud Computing to

include everything that we already do... I don’t understand what we would do differently ... other than change the wording of some of our ads.”

Larry Ellison, CEO, Oracle (Wall Street Journal, Sept. 26, 2008)

What is it? What’s new? Old idea: Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Basic idea predates timesharing in 1960s• Software hosted in the infrastructure vs. installed on local

servers or desktops; dumb terminals• Recently: “[HW, Infrastructure, Platform] as a service” ??

HaaS, IaaS, PaaS -- HP paper Everything as a service

New: pay-as-you-go utility computing• Illusion of infinite resources on demand• Fine-grained billing: release == don’t pay• Earlier examples: Sun, Intel Computing Services—longer

commitment, more $$$/hour, no storage• Public (utility) vs. private clouds 4

Why Now (not then)? “The Web Space Race”: Build-out of extremely

large datacenters (10,000’s of commodity PCs)• Build-out driven by growth in demand (more users)

=> Infrastructure software: e.g., Google File System

=> Operational expertise: failover, firewalls...• Discovered economy of scale: 5-7x cheaper than

provisioning a medium-sized (100’s machines) facility

More pervasive broadband Internet The QoS – is higher Commoditization of HW & SW

• Fast Virtualization • Standardized software stacks

Utility Computing Arrives Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) “Compute unit” rental: $0.08-0.64/hr.

• 1 CU ≈ 1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 AMD Opteron/Xeon core

N No up-front cost, no contract, no minimum Billing rounded to nearest hour; pay-as-you-go

storage also available A new paradigm (!) for deploying services?

“Instances” Platform

Cores Memory Disk

Small - $0.08 / hr

32-bit 1 1.7 GB 160 GB

Large - $0.32 / hr

64-bit 4 7.5 GB 850 GB – 2 spindles

XLarge - $0.64 / hr

64-bit 8 15.0 GB 1690 GB – 3 spindles

Classifying Clouds Instruction Set VM (Amazon EC2) Managed runtime VM (Microsoft Azure) Framework VM (Google AppEngine) Tradeoff: flexibility/portability vs. “built in”

functionality

EC2 AMAZON

Azure Microsoft AppEngine Google

Lower-level,Less managed

Higher-level,More managed

Unused resources

Cloud Economics 101

• Cloud Computing User: Static provisioning for peak - wasteful, but necessary for SLA

“Statically provisioned” data center

“Virtual” data center in the cloud

Demand

Capacity

Demand

Capacity

Unused resources

Risk of Under Utilization

• Underutilization results if “peak” predictions are too optimistic

Static data center

Demand

Capacity

Risks of Under Provisioning

Lost revenue

Lost users

Demand

Capacity

Time (days)1 2 3

Demand

Capacity

Time (days)1 2 3

Demand

Capacity

Time (days)1 2 3

Energy & Cloud Computing? Cloud Computing saves Energy? Don’t buy machines for local use that are

often idle Better to ship bits as photons over fiber

vs. ship electrons over transmission lines to convert via local power supplies to spin disks and power processors and memories• Clouds use nearby (hydroelectric) power• Leverage economies of scale of cooling, power

distribution11

Energy & Cloud Computing? Techniques developed to stop using idle

servers to save money in Cloud Computing can also be used to save power• Up to Cloud Computing Provider to decide

what to do with idle resources New Requirement: Scale DOWN and up

• Who decides when to scale down in a datacenter?

• How can Datacenter storage systems improve energy?

Who are behind

IBM Intel Google Amazon Microsoft ORACLE … …

What is in for you

Jobs Career Other opportunities

• Stocks• Start your business • Start your service

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud/tools-resources.aspx?CR_CC=200010704&WT.srch=1&WT.mc_id=ED12C662-D451-47B9-873C-259B944794AC&CR_SCC=200010704#video

Cloud Computing – The Cloud Dr. Jie Liu. Definition Cloud computing is Web-based processing,...

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