Post on 13-Jul-2015
The Evidence of theClimatic Changes in Germany
• Main effects of the climatic changes
2. Impact on:• agricultural areas• the Alps• the North Sea• cities• rivers & lakes
• better growing of plants
• period of growing starts earlier & lasts longer
• increase of harvest & quality of harvest of plants which need a lot of warmth
• less fertility of the ground
• spreading of pests, insects & diseases
• higher water evaporation
The impact on agriculture in GermanyEvidence: higher temperatures
• moist ground in early spring
• danger of flooding & erosion
• damage of plants by hail
• minerals are washed out of the ground
The impact on agriculture in GermanyEvidence: changing precipitation
• plants can do photosynthesis better
• depends on the kind of plant
The impact on agriculture in GermanyEvidence: higher carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere
• change seeding dates• cultivate different kinds of plants• change kind of fertilization• protect plants against pesticides• adjust to the water conditions• protect fields against erosion
The impact on agriculture in GermanyHow can farmers adjust to the climatic changes?
The impact on agriculture in GermanyConclusion
farmers have to adapt to the new climatic conditions
agriculture is able to deal with the climatic changes
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The impact on cities in GermanyEvidence: extreme weather situations
heat waves
temperature differences between cities and surrounding countryside up to 10°C
danger to the health of people
The impact on cities in GermanyEvidence: extreme weather situations
heat waves
Temperature differences between cities and surrounding countryside up to 10°C
danger to the health of people
heavy rain
possibility of violent thunderstorms, floods and even tornadoes
strain to the urban sewage system,destroying of cities
financial problem for cities danger to the health of the inhabitants
The impact on cities in GermanyConclusion
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The impact on the North SeaGeneral
Main climatic changes:
rising temperature
increase of wind and storm
rise of Mean Sea Level
danger of floods
changes in Ecosystem
The impact on the North SeaEvidence: higher temperature
rise of the average temperature until middle of the 21st
century: +1.8°C
Temperature
The impact on the North SeaEvidence: wind & storm
increase of the average wind speed until middle of the 21st century : +1%
Average wind speed
The impact on the North SeaEvidence: wind & storm
rise of the storm intensity until middle of the 21st century: +1%
Storm intensity
The impact on the North Sea
•rise of MSL ( mean sea level) of the North Sea
a) during the last century : 25 cm ( in contrast: 15 cm worldwide) b) until the end of 21st century : 50 cm
Evidence: rise of the mean sea level
higher sea level
The impact on the North Sea
•Increase of the storm floods at the north sea
a) in the next decades : rising of water level :10 – 30 cm b) until the end of 21st century : rising of water level : 60 - 80 cm
Evidence: danger of floods
storm flood
The impact on the North SeaEvidence: changes in Ecosystem
intrusion of foreign species
expulsion of local species
changes in ecosystem
changes of food basis
The impact on the North SeaScenario: best case scenario
smallest rise ofaverage temperatureuntil end of the 21st century: +1.9°C
smallest rise ofaverage storm intensity until end of the 21st century:+0%
Temperature Storm intensity
The impact on the North SeaScenarios: best case scenario
Impact of the best case scenario:moderate effects on the ecosystemno changes in the living conditions of the coast dwellers
The impact on the North SeaScenarios: worst case scenario
maximum increase ofaverage temperatureuntil end of the 21st century: +4,5°C
maximum increase ofaverage storm intensity until end of the 21st century:+3%
Storm intensityStorm intensityTemperature
The impact on the North SeaScenario: worst case scenario
Impact of the worst case scenario:massive effects on the ecosystemdramatic changes in the living conditions of the coast dwellers
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The impact on rivers & lakes in GermanyGeneral
• more droughts low water level
• glacial melting more floods
flood
The impact on rivers & lakes in GermanyEvidence: rivers warm up
rivers warm up
fish die
oxygen content falls
fish have to breathe on the surface
fish dive deeper to escape thewarm water
seabirds do not find enough food
power plants can not be cooled
no security of energy supplies
decreasing fish industry
bad food supply,less reproduc-tion among fish
unemployment
The impact on rivers & lakes in GermanyConclusion
fish dying no security of energy supply
fish dying
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The impact on forests in GermanyGeneral
Main changes:rising temperature changing hydrologic balance decrease of the water supply too little water in summer
• spreading of different trees influenced by the temperature & rainfall
• pests profit from climatic change• more pests live through the winter
rising number of pests• area where you can find pests is extended
The impact on forests in GermanyEvidence: pests
The impact on forests in GermanyEvidence: the bark beetle
• ca.150 types of bark beetle in Germany
• live mostly in weak trees & favor conifers
• climatic change helps beetle to extend into new areas
bark beetle
The impact on forests in GermanyEvidence: Oak Processionary Moth
• harmful for humans
• coverage was Mediterranean region
has extended all over Germany & Europe
• causes allergies
Oak Processionary Moth
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The impact on the alps in GermanyGeneral
•greenhouse effect•regional climatic
changes
(rainfall staying away)
•de-icing of glaciers
( up to 30%)•de-icing of permafrost•reduce durance of snow covering
some areas
The impact on the alps in GermanyEvidence: de-icing glaciers
natural disasters: breaking down of glaciers causing
avalanches glaciers breaking into glacial lakes
causing huge waves
glacier covered with foils
The impact on the alps in GermanyEvidence: de-icing permafrost
Retreat of permafrost:destabilisation of rocksaffects basements of buildings and lift
stations
perm frosted ground
The impact on the alps in GermanyEvidence of higher temperatures on nature
more species are able to live in the Alps:new species are dominant“old” species can not survive in the Alps &
can not settle anywhere elseextinction of many species
Ptarmigan
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
increase to become more
fertility / fertileareas of land or soil where crops can be grown successfully
pests destructive insect that attacks plants
evaporationprocess whereby water is changed from a liquid to a gas (water vapor)
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VocabularyWords you do not know
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English word Explanation
precipitationthe falling to earth of any form of water ( for example rain or snow)
moist lightly wet
VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
photosynthesisprocess by which plants generate carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
fertilizationchemical compounds to make plants more productive
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
sewage system system transport sewage through cities
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
average measure of the "middle" of a value
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
expulsionact of forcing someone to leave a certain place
intrusion entry into a foreign area
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
coast dwellers people or animals living on the coast
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
drought period where to less rain falls
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power plantsindustrial facility for the generation of electric power picture
unemployment not having a job
oxygen content amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
reproduction the process of generating offspring
food supply availability of food
VocabularyWords you do not know
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English word Explanation
permafrostground which is frozen all over the year
de-icing melting of ice and snow
glacier huge mass of ice picture
VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
avalanchesslide of large masses of snow and ice rolling down a mountain picture
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
basement a floor of a building below ground level
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VocabularyWords you do not know
English word Explanation
extinctiondeath of every member of a species, species is no longer in existance
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