Classification of Commodities

Commodities which are used in the kitchen can be broadly classified in to three main categories:

• Perishables: Ingredients which have short shelf life ranging from six hours to six days at room temperature such as milk and dairy products, meats, fish, eggs, fruits and vegetables

• Semi Perishables: Ingredients which have a longer shelf life ranging from a few weeks to a few months such as cereals, pulses, fats, oils, condiments, spices, flour, proprietary foods etc.

• Non Perishables: Ingredients which can be stored indefinitely such as salts, mild acids, sugar, edible colours, some essences etc.

• Under ground vegetables: roots, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, pods,etc.

• Over ground vegetables: Shoots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, pods, flowers etc.

Vegetables are broadly classified into

Underground vegetables

Over Ground Vegetables

1. Red Meat: Lamb, Beef, Pork, Mutton etc.

• 2. White Meat: Poultry birds such as

Chicken, Duck, Turkey etc. and also Fish

& Seafood:

3. Game Meat: Animals or Birds which are

hunted for their meat and not farm

reared, such as wild boar, hare, geese etc.

Classification of Fish

• Fish is Classified into various categories

Fresh Water Fish

Salt Water FishFlat Fish

Round FishOily Fish

Non oily FishScaly Fish

Non Scaly Fish

Fresh Water Fish Salt Water Fish

Classification of Seafood

Crustaceans

Cephalopods

Echinoderms

Molluscs

Fruits

• Fleshy: apple, pineapple, banana, papaya

• Vine : grape, water melon, cantaloupe

• Stone : plum, apricot, lychee, mango

• Citrus : orange, lime, kumquat

• Soft fruits : raspberry, blackberry, strawberry

Fresh Herbs

• Rosemary• Thyme• Holy Basil• Marjoram• Chervil• Fenugreek Leaves• Dill• Mint leaves• Hyssop• Fennel

• Sage• Lavender• Lemon Grass• Tarragon• Borage• Chives• Coriander or Cilantro• Curry Leaves• Parsley• Caraway

Dairy Products• Milk• Cheese• Cream• Butter• Ghee• Butter Milk• Curd• Yoghurt

Types of Milk • Standardized milk - 4.5% fat, SNF 8.5%• Whole milk - 3.25% milk fat, 8.25% milk solids

• Reduced-fat milk (2%) fat

• Low-fat milk (1%) fat

• Skimmed milk/non-fat milk : 0.5% fat

• Evaporated or condensed milk • Sweetened condensed milk • Homogenized milk • Pasteurized milk• Shelf-stable milk • Ultra pasteurized milk

Types of Cream

• Half cream (12%)

• Single cream or light cream (18%) • Whipping cream (35%)

• Double cream (48%

Types of Butter

• Cultured butter • Whipped butter • Churned butter or sweet butter • Flavoured butter • Farm butter • Ghee• Table or Pasteurized yellow butter • Flavoured Spread able Butter

Types of CheeseFresh Soft Cheese

Soft Mould Ripened Cheese

Hard and Semi Hard Cheese

Washed Rind Cheese

Blue Cheese

Gouda Type Cheese

Specialty Cheese - Cheese with Additives

Mozzarella - Pasta Filata or Stretched Curd

Cheese

Smoked Cheese

Grated and Sliced Cheese

Cereals and Millets

• Cereals are normally staple foods which constitute major consumption by populations of the world example:

• Rice

• Wheat

• Corn or maize

• Sorghum or Jowar or Egyptian millets

• Ragi or Bhajra or Millets

Pulses and Legumes

• These include all kinds of beans, dry peas, lentils, legumes and dals such as:

• Red gram or toor dal, green gram or moong dal, black gram or urad dal, bengal gram or channa dal, kidney bean or rajma, white broad beans, yellow beans, soya beans etc.

Spices

• Cardamom• Cloves• Mace• Nutmeg• Cinnamon• Cumin Seed• Mustard • Chillies• Turmeric• Coriander Seed

• Ginger• Garlic• Pepper Corns• Caraway Seed• Fenugreek seed• Fennel Seed• Poppy Seed• Onion Seed• Saffron• Sesame Seed

Fats and Oils• Almond oil• Avocado• Canola (A US marketing name

for rapeseed oil)

• Coconut Oil• Corn oil• Grape Seed• Lard• Olive• Peanut• Safflower, High Oleic• Safflower, Regular

• Sesame• Shortening, vegetable• Soybean• Sunflower, Regular• Sunflower, High Oleic• Vegetable Oil• Nut (walnut, hazelnut)• Pumpkin Seed

Types of Flours

• Whole Wheat Flour• Refined Flour• Self Raising Flour• White Flour

• Rye Flour• Gram Flour• Plain Maize Flour• White Corn Flour

Wheat Based Flours

Sugars Salts• Cane Sugar• Beet Sugar• Brown Sugar• Castor Sugar• Demerara sugar• Barley Sugar• Barbados sugar• Corn Syrup• Cinnamon Sugar• Invert Sugar• Candy Sugar

• Table Salt

• Iodized Salt

• Kosher Salt • Sea Salt • Pickling Salt • Rock Salt • Sour or Lemon Salt • Seasoned Salt• Chinese Salt• Black Salt

Acids and Chemicals Used in Cooking

• Sodium Chloride or plain salt

• Potassium Chloride or Black salt

• Sodium Bicarbonate or baking soda

• Ammonium Carbonate

• Dilute Acetic Acid or Synthetic Vinegar

• Lemon Juice or Citric Acid• Tartaric Acid or Cream of Tartar (Potassium

hydrogen tartrate}

Thank You