Class ___: Evolution Evidence Review

• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence

Mechanisms of Evolution• Darwin (mid 1800’s)

– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals

– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South America

… but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with traits best suited for

a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

• Artificial Selection = humans select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits

2 Types of Selection:Natural Selection –> environmentally made

• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=n3265bno2X0

Artificial Selection -> man made

• Domesticated Plants

• Animals – Dog Breeds

Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring.

Sources of variation include:– Mutations– Transpositions (Barbara McClintock)– Sexual Reproductions

3. Variations are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to

survive and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with beneficial adaptations survive

and reproduce more often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial phenotype

“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool

– Knife– Fork – Spoon

• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results?• Pick a tool

– Knife– Fork – Spoon

• Task 2 Results?

How fast does evolutionary change occur?

KEY IDEA: It depends … on the environment!

How fast does evolutionary change occur?

Drug Resistant Pathogens

Which type of evolutionary process would this be? Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium

Types of Evidence• Fossil Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric

– Geological Timeline• Similarities in genetic make-up• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures• Embryology

Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating

• Stratigraphy• Radiometric

• Geological Timeline

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8

Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology

• All living organisms have DNA• The more closely related the more

commonalities in the sequence and pairsHumans and Chimps share 98 %Humans and other Humans share 99%

Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous

structures =Body parts that are similar in origin and structure

• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a function, anymore

Embryology• Comparative Embryology

Class __: Evolution Evidence

• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence

Mechanisms of Evolution• D________________________ (mid 1800’s)

– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals

– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South

America … but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with t_______________

best suited for a given e_____________________ are more likely to survive and r____________________

• Artificial Selection = h____________________ select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits

2 Types of Selection:N________________________ Selection –> e__________ made

• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=n3265bno2X0

• Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A______________________ Selection -> m_____ made

• D_____________Plants

• Animals – Dog B__________

Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more o__________ than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring. Sources of

variation include:– M_______________________________– T______________________________ (Barbara McClintock)– S_________________________ Reproduction

3. V_____________________ are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to

s______________ and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with b______________ adaptations

survive and reproduce m________________ often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial p____________________________

“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool

– Knife– Fork – Spoon

• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results? ___________________________________

• Pick a tool– Knife– Fork – Spoon

• Task 2 Results? ___________________________________

How fast does evolutionary change occur?

KEY IDEA: It depends … _________________

How fast does evolutionary change occur?

Types of Evidence• F____________________ Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric

– Geological Timeline• Similarities in g_______________ make-up• H_________________ structures• V_________________ structures• Embryology

Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating

• S__________________• R__________________

• G_________ Timeline

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8

Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology

• All living organisms have _______________• The more closely r____________________

the more commonalities in the sequence and pairs Humans and Chimps share 98 %

Humans and other Humans share 99%

Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous

structures =Body parts that are ________________origin and ________________

• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a ______________, anymore

E_________________• Comparative Embryology