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Early American History:Early American History:1600 to 17911600 to 1791

English Roots of our Government

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

Limited the power of the king by guaranteeing rights to the people.

These rights were:– no cruel & unusual punishment– the right to a fair and speedy trial by your peers– the government must have the peoples approval

to levy taxes

John Locke & Thomas John Locke & Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of HappinessHappiness

Government was formed to protect the Natural Rights of the people.

Locke had multiple ideas that influenced the Founders: Social Contract

Natural RightsNatural Rights John Locke believed all humans have natural rights,

those being:

• Life• Liberty• Property

He believed all people have these rights just because they are human beings.

Social ContractSocial ContractLocke proposed that in order to keep our natural

rights, the people must engage in a social contract• The people agree to

create and live under a government and obey its laws.

• They also must give that government the power to make and enforce laws.

• In return, the people gain the protection of the government

Go To Natural Rights/Law

Impact• According to Locke, the purpose of government is to

protect the natural rights of individuals• The Founders agreed and included these natural rights

and social contract in the Declaration of Independence.• The Founders also included the idea of social contract

in the first three words of the Preamble to the United

States Constitution…

…that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…

The Constitution also limits the powers of

government to protect the rights

of the people.

Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies

The House of Burgesses, The House of Burgesses, 16191619

Written in Virginia in 1619, the House of Burgesses is the first example of an elected representative assembly in the Americas

The Mayflower Compact, 1620The Mayflower Compact, 1620

Written by the Pilgrims when they landed near Plymouth. It is a contract of self government where government is organized for the good of the people.

Questions for responseQuestions for response

From what must a government derive in order to be legitimate?

Do ALL people have to agree with ALL of the rules (laws) the government makes in order for them to be legitimate? Explain your answer.

Thomas Paine: Common Thomas Paine: Common SenseSense

Revolutionary war Pamphlet

Used forceful everyday language, influencing both Blue & white collar workers to attack the idea that the British King should rule the American Colonies

American independence would be a victory for humans everywhere

Words convinced many Americans' that the cause of independence was a just one.

Played a central role in rallying public opinion, Convinced many who were unsure of the purpose of the war

The Shot Heard Round the World

The British troops were also sent to Concord, where the Colonists had stored arms and ammunition.

The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence, 1776Independence, 1776

Written by Thomas Jefferson it is made of three parts: a statement of human rights, reasons for declaring independence and the declaration.

It explains: Unalienable rights, government gets it power from the people and people have the right to replace bad governments.

American Revolution:American Revolution:

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution1775 to 17811775 to 1781

British tighten control on colonists by taxation

Colonists protest Colonists formed

militias Declaration of

Independence

U.S. (colonists) gain independence

Form a government: Articles of Confederation

Later, formed a better form of government: Constitution

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

No presidentNo national court systemNo power to taxNo national armed forces…each state raised

its own troopsEach state had its own currency

James Madison: Father of the James Madison: Father of the ConstitutionConstitution

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention17871787

55 delegates met in Philadelphia: all men and very wealthy

In 3 months they drew up the ConstitutionBalance between states and national govt.Three BranchesChecks and BalancesBill of Rights: rights to people

United States Constitution, United States Constitution, 17871787

Adopted as a result of the many weaknesses of the Articles

Outlines the formation of government, includes a Bill of Rights and presents a the federal system of government

Constitution of the United Constitution of the United StatesStates

Federalists vs. AntifederalistsFederalists vs. Antifederalists

The Constitution: DebateThe Constitution: Debate

Federalists Wanted a strong

national government Wanted to ratify the

Constitution

Anti-Federalists Were against the

ratification of the Constitution

Complained that it lacked a section that gave the People rights.

The Preamble The Preamble

• We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Bill of RightsBill of Rights1st amendment: freedom of religion,

speech, press, right to assemble and petition2nd amendment: right to bear arms3rd amendment: no quartering of soldiers4th amendment: no unreasonable searches

and seizures of persons and property without probable cause

5th amendment: no double jeopardy, right to remain silent…..

Bill of RightsBill of Rights 6th amendment: right to a speedy trial 7th amendment: guarantees a jury trial 8th amendment: no excessive bails or fines and no cruel

and unusual punishment 9th amendment: all rights not stated in the Constitution

and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people.

10th amendment: states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.

Those accused of a crime look to the following amendments 4th, 5th, 6th, & 8th

Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government People elect representatives to

make laws and govern. Elected representatives have the power to pass laws. This power is deprived from the people’s consent (voting representatives who represent the voters desires).

What Parties Do for Democracy

•Party Functions•Organize the Competition•Unify the Electorate•Inspire and Inform Voters•Translate Preferences into Policy•Provide Loyal Opposition•Organize Government•Help Govern•Act as Watchdogs•Nominate Candidates•Ensure Candidate Quality

•Party Systems – Multiparty and Two Party System

•Minor Parties: Persistence and Frustration

Propaganda is … … form of communication … aimed at swaying or influencing your attitude … toward or away from some cause or position.

BandwagonoEverybody is doing this. Join the crowd! You must JOIN in to FIT in!

oIf you want to fit in, you need to “jump on the bandwagon” and do it too.

Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

Name-calling•A negative word or feeling is attached to an idea, product, or person implying that we should not be interested. Glittering Generality

•Admired words like truth, democracy, beauty, timeless inspire positive feelings for a person, idea, or product.

Makes you think positively about a product - catchy phrases- no guarantees

- no evidence

Supremacy Clause

The Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land

Federalism• federalism divides power between the national and state governments

• federal law refers to the law of the national government—applies across the nation

• state law applies to citizens within its territory—it is extensive and diverse (e.g., business and marriage law)

• local law applies to a limited geographic or functional area—states grant local jurisdictions legal powers

The Rule of LawNo One is above the Law

All people are treated equally under the country’s legal procedures.

Types of Law:Criminal Law – Matters that involving those who brake

the Law

Civil Law- Matters dealing with problems involving individual citizen

Constitutional Law- Matters dealing with the courts and the constitution

Administrative Law- Matters that need to be fixed in the Federal Government

Military Law- Matters dealing with the Armed Forces