®

OGC

Citizen Observatories:A Standards Based

Architecture

Dr. Ingo SimonisDirector, Interoperability Programs & Science, OGC

May 2015

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC®

Considerations

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 2

Cost efficient

OGC®

Considerations

3

Research efficient

OGC®

4

State of the Art

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 5

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 6

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 7

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 8

Geonovum HeronViewer showing components with time series values

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 9

52North JS-SensorWeb-Client

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 10

app made with SOS-JS by British Antarctic Survey (Map)

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 11

app made with SOS-JS by British Antarctic Survey (Map)

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 12

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 13

OGC®

14

State of the Art

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 15

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 16

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 17

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 18

citizen COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 19

COBWEBcitizen

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 20

citizen COBWEB

POX over HTTP

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 21

citizen COBWEB

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>23.2</val></Observation>

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 22

citizen COBWEB

POST /Insert HTTP/1.1Content-Type: application/xmlHost: ingos-server.comContent-Length: 48

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>23.2</val></Observation>

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/xml

Content-Length: 28Server: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0

Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:13:45

<ObservationConfirmation> <id>obs23764523</id>

</ObservationConfirmation>

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 23

citizen COBWEB

POX tunneling over HTTP

+ Lightweight+ Easy to implement+ Universally

interoperable+ Firewall friendly+ Single URI

- Ignores the Web platform

- HTTP verbs barely used- Reliability and

scalability?- Extend to many

receivers?

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 24

COBWEBcitizen

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 25

citizen COBWEB

resources

CRUDservices

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 26

citizen COBWEB

Think in resourcesUse proper HTTP verbs

POST

GET

PUT

DELETE

/obs

/obs/{id}

/obs/{id}

/obs/{id}

create new observation

request current state

update observation

delete observation

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 27

citizen COBWEB

POST /obs HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.comContent-Type: application/xmlContent-Length: 48

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>23.2</val></Observation>

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/xml

Content-Length: 28Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:34:11

<Observation> <id>obs237</ID></Observation>

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 28

citizen COBWEB

GET /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.com

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/xml

Content-Length: 28Date: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:13:45

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>23.2</val></Observation>

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 29

citizen COBWEB

PUT /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.comContent-Type: application/xmlContent-Length: 48

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>18.6</val></Observation>

HTTP/1.1 204 No ContentDate: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:56:45

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 30

citizen COBWEB

DELETE /obs/obs237 HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.com

HTTP/1.1 204 No ContentDate: Sun, 10 May 2015 17:58:45

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 31

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 32

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 33

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

POST /obs HTTP1.1…

HTTP1.1200 OK

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 34

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

POST /obs HTTP1.1…

HTTP1.1 200 OK…

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 35

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

POST /obs HTTP1.1…

Link t

oHTTP1.1 200 OK…

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 36

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 37

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

POST /obs HTTP1.1…

Link t

o Link to

GET/obs/3 HTTP1.1…

HTTP1.1 200 OK…

Link toHTTP1.1 200 OK…

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 38

Hypermedia

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 39

Hypermedia with semantic mark up

HTTP

URI

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 40

Hypermedia with semantic mark up:

Raw observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>18.6</val></Observation><Campaign>…

Corrected observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <cp>fgr7</cp> <val>18.2</val></Observation><RawObservation>…Sampling campaign

<CampaignID>c2<..> <observation> … </..> <observation> … </..> …</CampaignID>c2<..>

Link to

Link to

Link to

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 41

Hypermedia with semantic mark up: DAP

Raw observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>18.6</val></Observation><Campaign>…

Corrected observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <cp>fgr7</cp> <val>18.2</val></Observation><RawObservation>…Sampling campaign

<CampaignID>c2<..> <observation> … </..> <observation> … </..> …</CampaignID>c2<..>

Link to

Link to

Link to

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 42

DAP: Domain Application Protocol

Raw observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <val>18.6</val></Observation><Campaign>…

Corrected observation

<Observation> <id>Citizen1</ID> <cp>fgr7</cp> <val>18.2</val></Observation><RawObservation>…Sampling campaign

<CampaignID>c2<..> <observation> … </..> <observation> … </..> …</CampaignID>c2<..>

Link to

Link to

Link to

• URI structure becomes irrelevant

• Links from one resources to the

other are part of the resources;

decreases coupling

• Protocol information just-in-time

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 43

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 44

Human Web

• embedded links

• href=“http://…”

Cart

Computer-to-Computer

• annotations

(hypermedia

controls)

• micro formats or

Semantic Web

technologies

OGC®

Forms as hypermedia controls

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 45

Value: 25.7Unit: deg Celsius

Submit

POST /obs HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.comContent-Type: application/xmlContent-Length: 48

<Observation> <id>ingo</ID> <val>25.7</val> <uom>degCelsius</uom></Observation>

Plain XML

OGC®

POST /obs HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.comContent-Type: application/xmlContent-Length: 48

<Observation> <id>ingo</ID> <val>25.7</val> <uom>degCelsius</uom></Observation>

Forms as hypermedia controls

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 46

Value: 25.7Unit: deg Celsius

Submit

GET /obs/o237 HTTP/1.1Host: ingos-server.com

<Observation> <id>o237</ID> <citizen>ingo</citizen> <val>25.7</val> <uom>degCelsius</uom> <status>raw</status> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/campaign” campaign>http://i.org/campaigns/c2</campaign> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/citizen” citizen>http://i.org/citizens/ingo</citizen></Observation>

XML with hypermedia link

OGC®

Media Types and Domain Application Protocols

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 47

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/vnd.cobweb+xml

<Observation> <id>o237</ID> <citizen>ingo</citizen> <val>25.7</val> <uom>degCelsius</uom> <status>raw</status> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/campaign” campaign>http://i.org/campaigns/c2</campaign> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/citizen” citizen>http://i.org/citizens/ingo</citizen></Observation> XML with

hypermedia link and media type

OGC®

Media Types and Domain Application Protocols

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 48

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/vnd.cobweb+xml

<Observation> <id>o237</ID> <citizen>ingo</citizen> <val>25.7</val> <uom>degCelsius</uom> <status>raw</status> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/campaign” campaign>http://i.org/campaigns/c2</campaign> <link rel=“http://cobweb.org/citizen” citizen>http://i.org/citizens/ingo</citizen></Observation>

how to process this data

(needs to be developed)

XML with hypermedia link and media type

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 49

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 50

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

Syndication

OGC®

Citizen Science: A Syndication Model

Atom: Feeds (lists) with time-stamped entries

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 51

OGC®

Citizen Science: A Syndication Model

• Atom Publishing Protocol: – Syndication content: observations

to consumers– Representing document-like

structures: observation model– Meta-data rich lists of resources:

observation provenance– Adding metadata to existing

resource representations• incl. attach hypermedia links

– Creating directories of non-hypermedia content• e.g. binary data

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 52

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 53

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 54

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 55

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

raw QA log

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 56

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

raw QA log

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 57

citizen

scientist

consumer

COBWEB

raw QA log

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 58

OGC®

GeoSynchronization Service (GSS)

Replication

Channel

Change Channel

Resolution

Channel

GSS IN ACTION

Collector Submits Change

Request

1 5

Collector notified of disposition of proposed change(s)

2

Reviewer is notified

of pending Change

proposals

3

Reviewer Approves or Rejects the proposed changes

4Approved changes are applied to features via OGC WFS-T

OGC WFS-T OGC WFS-T

Geographic features accessible via WFS

OGC WFS-T

6

GSS notifies Subscribers of changes to features (i.e. Transactions)

Collector Reviewer

Subscriber

Also known as a “Data Publisher” or “The Crowd”

Collector reads features from a WFS and proposes changes to those features. This may include proposing creation of new features.

59slide by Peter Vretanos

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 60

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 61

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 62

Geopackage

creation

Geopackage

usage

GSS

SOSWFS

SOSWFS

SOS, WFS, WCS, WMS

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 63

JaxB, Jersey, Rome

Observation profile

Sensor profile

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 64

Ingo Simonisisimonis@opengeospatial.org

OGC®

ARCHITECTURE DETAILSCOBWEB Standards Based

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 65

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 66

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 67

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 68

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 69

OGC®

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 70