Circulation 2014 jan 129(3) e28 e292, figures

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update

by Alan S. Go, Dariush Mozaffarian, Véronique L. Roger, Emelia J. Benjamin, Jarett D. Berry, Michael J. Blaha, Shifan Dai, Earl S. Ford, Caroline S. Fox, Sheila Franco, Heather J. Fullerton, Cathleen Gillespie, Susan M. Hailpern, John A. Heit, Virginia J.

Howard, Mark D. Huffman, Suzanne E. Judd, Brett M. Kissela, Steven J. Kittner, Daniel T. Lackland, Judith H. Lichtman, Lynda D. Lisabeth, Rachel H. Mackey, David J. Magid, Gregory M. Marcus, Ariane Marelli, David B. Matchar, Darren K. McGuire, Emile R. Mohler, Claudia S. Moy, Michael E. Mussolino, Robert W. Neumar, Graham

Nichol, Dilip K. Pandey, Nina P. Paynter, Matthew J. Reeves, Paul D. Sorlie, Joel Stein, Amytis Towfighi, Tanya N. Turan, Salim S. Virani, Nathan D. Wong, Daniel

Woo, and Melanie B. Turner

CirculationVolume 129(3):e28-e292

January 21, 2014

Prevalence (unadjusted) estimates for poor, intermediate, and ideal cardiovascular health for each of the 7 metrics of cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association 2020 goals

among US children aged 12 to 19 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Go A et al. Circulation 2014;129:e28-e292

Age-standardized prevalence estimates for poor, intermediate, and ideal cardiovascular health for each of the 7 metrics of cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association 2020 goals

among US adults aged ≥20 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Proportion (unadjusted) of US children aged 12 to 19 years meeting different numbers of criteria for ideal cardiovascular health, overall and by sex, National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey 2009 to 2010.

Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US adults aged ≥20 years meeting different numbers of criteria for ideal cardiovascular health, overall and by age and sex subgroups, National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US adults aged ≥20 years meeting different numbers of criteria for ideal cardiovascular health, overall and in selected race subgroups from National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Prevalence estimates of meeting ≥5 criteria for ideal cardiovascular health among US adults aged ≥20 years (age standardized), overall and by sex and race, and US children aged 12 to 19

years (unadjusted), by sex, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US adults meeting different numbers of criteria for ideal and poor cardiovascular health for each of the 7 metrics of cardiovascular health in the

American Heart Association 2020 goals, among US adults aged ≥20 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.

Age-standardized cardiovascular health status by US states, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2009.

Trends in prevalence (unadjusted) of meeting criteria for ideal cardiovascular health for each of the 7 metrics of cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association 2020 goals among US children aged 12 to 19 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999

to 2000 through 2009 to 2010. *Because of changes in the physical activity questionnaire between different cycles of the NHANES survey, trends over time for this indicator should be interpreted with caution and statistical comparisons should not be attempted. †Data for the

Healthy Diet Score, based on a 2-day average intake, were only available for the 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2008, and 2009 to 2010 NHANES cycles at the time of this analysis.

Age-standardized trends in prevalence of meeting criteria for ideal cardiovascular health for each of the 7 metrics of cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association 2020 goals

among US adults aged ≥20 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2000 through 2009 to 2010. *Because of changes in the physical activity questionnaire between different cycles of the NHANES survey, trends over time for this indicator should be interpreted with caution and statistical comparisons should not be attempted. †Data for the

Healthy Diet Score, based on a 2-day average intake, were only available for the 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2008, and 2009 to 2010 NHANES cycles at the time of this analysis.

Prevalence of ideal, intermediate, and poor cardiovascular health metrics in 2006 (American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals baseline year) and 2020 projections assuming current

trends continue.

US age-standardized death rates* attributable to CVD, 2000 to 2010. *Directly standardized to the age distribution of the 2000 US standard population. †Total CVD: International Classification of

Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) I00 to I99 and Q20 to Q28. §Stroke (all cerebrovascular disease): ICD-10 I60 to I69. ¶CHD: ICD-10 I20 to I25. **Other CVD: ICD-10 I00 to I15, I26 to I51, I70

to I78, I80 to I89, and I95 to I99.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease according to the number of ideal health behaviors and health factors.

Prevalence (%) of students in grades 9 to 12 reporting current cigarette use by sex and race/ethnicity (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 2011).

Prevalence (%) of current smoking for adults >18 years of age by race/ethnicity and sex (National Health Interview Survey: 2009–2011).

Prevalence of students in grades 9 to 12 who did not participate in ≥60 minutes of physical activity on any day by race/ethnicity and sex (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: 2011).

Percentage of students in grades 9 to 12 who used a computer for ≥3 hours a day by race/ethnicity and sex (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: 2011).

Prevalence of students in grades 9 to 12 who met currently recommended levels of physical activity during the past 7 days by race/ethnicity and sex (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance:

2011). “Currently recommended levels” was defined as activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of ≥60 minutes per day on 5 of the 7

days preceding the survey.

Prevalence of children 6 to 19 years of age who attained sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity to meet public health recommendations (≥60 minutes per day on 5 or more of the 7 days preceding the survey), by sex and age (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2003–

2004).

Prevalence of meeting the aerobic guidelines of the 2008 Federal Physical Activity Guidelines among adults ≥18 years of age by race/ethnicity and sex (National Health Interview Survey:

2012).

Age-adjusted trends in macronutrients and total calories consumed by US adults (20–74 years of age), 1971 to 2008.

Per capita calories consumed from different beverages by US adults (≥19 years of age), 1965 to 2010.

Total US food expenditures away from home and at home, 1977 and 2007.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students in grades 9 through 12 by sex and race/ethnicity.

Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in adults 20 to 74 years of age by sex and survey year (National Health Examination Survey: 1960–1962; National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey: 1971–1974, 1976–1980, 1988–1994, 1999–2002, and 2007–2010).

Trends in the prevalence of obesity among US children and adolescents by age and survey year (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1971–1974, 1976–1980, 1988–1994, 1999–

2002, 2003–2006, and 2007–2010).

Trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adolescents 12 to 17 years of age by race, sex, and survey year (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1976–1980,* 1988–1994,*

1999–2004, and 2005–2010).

Trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adults aged ≥20 years by race and survey year (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1988–1994, 1999–2002, 2003–2006, and 2007–

2010).

Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL in adults ≥20 years of age by sex, race/ethnicity, and survey year (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2005–2006, 2007–2008, and 2009–2010).

Prevalence of high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age by race/ethnicity, sex, and survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1988–1994,

1999–2004, and 2005–2010).

Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by age (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by race/ethnicity and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by race/ethnicity and years of education (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey:

2007–2010).

Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence in adults ≥20 years of age by sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1988–1994 and 2007–2010).

Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and control in adults ≥20 years of age (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults ≥20 years of age by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Incidence of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, or intermittent claudication; does not include hypertension alone) by age and sex (Framingham Heart Study,

1980–2003).

Deaths attributable to diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–2010).

Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 1900–2010).

Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths vs cancer deaths by age (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death: total, <85 years of age, and ≥85 years of age.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in males: total, <85 years of age, and ≥85 years of age.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in females: total, <85 years of age, and ≥85 years of age.

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for white males and females (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for black males and females (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for Hispanic or Latino males and females (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for Asian or Pacific Islander males and females (United States: 2010). “Asian or Pacific Islander” is a heterogeneous category that

includes people at high cardiovascular disease risk (eg, South Asian) and people at low cardiovascular disease risk (eg, Japanese).

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for American Indian or Alaska Native males and females (United States: 2010).

Age-adjusted death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and lung and breast cancer for white and black females (United States: 2010).

Cardiovascular disease mortality trends for males and females (United States: 1979–2010).

US maps corresponding to state death rates (including the District of Columbia), 2010.

Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in adults 50 to 54 years of age according to levels of various risk factors (Framingham Heart Study).

Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease (United States: 1970–2010).

Hospital discharges for the 10 leading diagnostic groups (United States: 2010).

Prevalence of stroke by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever stroke by race.

Annual rate of first cerebral infarction by age, sex, and race (Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: 1999).

Annual rate of all first-ever strokes by age, sex, and race (Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: 1999).

Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack by race and sex, ages 45 to 74, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study cohort, 1987 to 2001.

Age-adjusted death rates for stroke by sex and race/ethnicity, 2010.

Stroke death rates, 2008 through 2010.

Estimated 10-year stroke risk in adults 55 years of age according to levels of various risk factors (Framingham Heart Study).

Proportion of patients dead 1 year after first stroke.

Proportion of patients dead within 5 years after first stroke.

Proportion of patients with recurrent stroke within 5 years after first stroke.

Trends in carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting procedures (United States: 1980–2010).

Prevalence (%) of coronary calcium: US adults 33 to 45 years of age.

Prevalence (%) of coronary calcium: US adults 45 to 84 years of age.

Hazard ratios (HR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults 45 to 84 years of age (reference group, coronary artery calcification [CAC]=0).

Hazard ratios (HR) for coronary heart disease events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults (reference group, coronary artery calcification [CAC]=0 and Framingham Risk Score

<10%).

Mean values of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) for different carotid artery segments in younger adults by race and sex (Bogalusa Heart Study).

Mean values of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) for different carotid artery segments in older adults, by race.

Prevalence of coronary heart disease by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Prevalence of myocardial infarction by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Annual number of adults per 1000 having diagnosed heart attack or fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) by age and sex (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance: 2005–2010 and

Cardiovascular Health Study).

Incidence of heart attack or fatal coronary heart disease by age, sex, and race (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance: 2005–2010).

Incidence of myocardial infarction by age, sex, and race (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance: 2005-2010).

Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in adults 55 years of age according to levels of various risk factors (Framingham Heart Study).

Prevalence of low coronary heart disease risk, overall and by sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1971–2006).

Hospital discharges for coronary heart disease by sex (United States: 1970–2010).

Prevalence of angina pectoris by age and sex (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed uncomplicated on the basis of physician interview of patient) by age and sex (Framingham Heart Study 1986–2009).

Prevalence of heart failure by sex and age (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2007–2010).

First acute decompensated heart failure annual event rates per 1000 (from ARIC Community Surveillance 2005–2010).

Hospital discharges for heart failure by sex (United States: 1980–2010).

Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends per 1000 people for each World Health Organization region: A, The Americas; B, Europe; C, Africa; D, Eastern Mediterranean; E, Western Pacific; and

F, Southeast Asia.

Prevalence estimates for peripheral arterial disease in males by age and ethnicity.

Prevalence estimates for peripheral arterial disease in females by age and ethnicity.

Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United States: 1979 to 2010.

Number of surgical procedures in the 10 leading diagnostic groups, United States: 2010.

Trends in heart transplantations (United Network for Organ Sharing: 1975–2012).

Heart transplantations in the United States by recipient age, 2012.

Direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke (in billions of dollars), United States, 2010.

The 22 leading diagnoses for direct health expenditures, United States, 2010 (in billions of dollars).

Projected total costs of cardiovascular disease (CVD), 2015 to 2030 (2012 $ in billions) in the United States.

Projected total (direct and indirect) costs of total cardiovascular disease by age (2012 $ in billions).

Projected direct costs of total cardiovascular disease by type of cost (2012 $ in billions).

Circulation 2014 jan 129(3) e28 e292, figures

Health & Medicine

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